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com by - Anju Pal

PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

Metals non-metals Elements Metalloides Inert gases Matter

Homogenous
Mixture

Heterogenou s
Compounds

Dobereiners Triads
In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, a German chemist. Identified some groups having three elements each called triads. In triads when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic masses; the atomic mass of the middle element was roughly the average of the atomic masses of the other two elements.

Limitation:
Only three triads were identified at that time

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Newlands Law of Octaves

In 1866, John Newland an English scientist, arranged the then known elements in the order of increasing atomic masses. He started with element Hydrogen (A=1) to Thorium (A=56). He found that every eighth element had properties similar to that of the first. He compared this to the octaves found in music. Therefore, he called it the Law of Octaves.

Limitations:
Law of Octave was applicable only up to Calcium. It was assumed by Newlands that only 56 elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the future.
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Adjusted two elements in the same slot, but also put some unlike elements under the same note. Law of Octaves worked well with lighter elements only.

Mendeleevs Periodic Table

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, a Russian chemist. Arranged 63 elements Elements were arranged on the basis of Atomic masses Their physical and chemical properties The formulae of Hydrides and Oxides formed by an element were treated as the basic properties for classification. Group I II III IV V VI VII VIII Oxides R2O RO R2O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4 Hydride RH RH2 RH3 RH4 RH3 RH2 RH He observed there occurs a periodic recurrence elements with similar physical and chemical properties. The properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic masses. Periodic table contains 8 vertical columns called groups and 6 horizontal rows called periods.
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Achievements of Mendeleevs Periodic Table

Placed slightly greater atomic mass before an element with slightly lower atomic mass. Example; cobalt (A= 58.9) before nickel ( A=58.7). Left some gaps in his Periodic Table for Eka boron for scandium Eka- aluminium for gallium Eka- silicon for germanium Inert gases could be placed in a new group without disturbing the existing order.

Limitations
Could not assign a correct position to Hydrogen (H form compound like Alkali metals and exist in Diatomic form). Compounds of H Compounds of Na HCl NaCl H2O Na2O H2S Na2S Isotopes of all elements posed a challenge to Mendeleevs Periodic Law. Atomic masses do not increase in a regular manner going from one element to the next.

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The Modern Periodic Table

In1913, Henry Moseley showed that Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number.

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Trends in Modern Periodic Table

Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal

Blog: Scienceworkplace.blogspot.com by - Anju Pal