EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE & NAME

: EE 1352 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS YEAR / SE M : III / IV UNIT-I THE POWER SYSTEM-AN OVERVIEW AND MODELLING PART-A 1. What is the need for system analysis in planning and operation of power syste ms? (2) 2. What do you mean by per phase analysis? 3. How are the base values ch osen in per unit representation of a power system? 4. What is single or one line diagram? Give it advantages 5. What is the need for per-unit representation? 6. Write the advantages of per unit systems 7. What are the approximations made in reactance diagram? 8. How generator is in transient analysis is represented? 9. What is meant by transient state? base. 11. Define steady state stability. 12. How is generator in transient analysis represented? (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 10. Write the equation for converting the p.u. impedance expressed in one base t o other 13. The reactance of a generator is designated X is given as 0.2 per unit based o n the generator's name plate rating of 20 KV, 500 MVA. The base for calculation is 22 KV, 100 MVA. Find X on the new base. 14. What is surge impedance of a line? ( 2) (2) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 15. What is propagation constant of a line? 16. Define static transmission capac ity (2) (2) PART-B 1. a. Two voltage sources V1=120(-5 deg) V and V2=100(0 deg) V are connec ted by as short line of impedance Z=1+j7 ohm. Determine the real and reactive po wer supplied or received by each source and the power loss in the line. E1=100 a ngle 0o,V ;E2=100 angle 30o V and Z=0+j5 ohms. Determine (6) b. Two ideal source s designated as machines 1 and 2 are connected as shown in figure. If Z S1=P1+jQ1 E1 S2=P2+jQ2 E2 a. Whether each machine is generating or consuming real power and the amount b. Whether each machine is receiving or supplying reactive power and the amount c. The P and Q absorbed by the impedance. (10) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 2. A three phase line has an impedance of 2+j 4 ohm as shown in figure The line feeds two balance three phase loads that are connected in parallel. The first load is star connected and has an impedance of 30+j40 ohm/phase. The seco nd load is delta connected and has an impedance of 60-j45 ohm/phase. The line is energized at the sending end from a three phase balanced supply of line voltage s 207.85 V. taking the phase voltage Va as reference, determine. a. The current, real power and reactive power drawn from the supply. b. The line voltage at the combine loads c. The current per phase in each load d. The total real and react ive power in each load and the line 3. Obtain the per unit impedance diagram of the power system shown in figure (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS Generator No 1: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X=1.6 Ohms Generator No 2: 15 MVA, 6.6KV, X=1.2 Ohms. Generator No 3: 25 MVA, 6.6 KV, X=0.56 Ohms. Transformer T1 (3 Phase):15 MVA, 33/11KV, X=15.2 Ohms per Phase on H.T side. Transformer T2 (3 Phase):15 MVA , 33/6.2 KV, X=16 Ohms per phase on H.T side. Transmission line: 20.5 Ohms/phase . Load A: 15 MW, 11KV, 0.9 P.F Lagging Load B: 40 MW, 6.6KV, 0.85 P.F Lagging Ta ke Base MVA=30 and Base KV=11KV of generator 1. (16) 4. The one line diagram of a three phase power system is shown in figure. Select a common base of 100 MVA a nd 22 KV on the generator side. Draw an impedance diagram with all impedance inc luding the load impedance marked in per unit. The manufacturer's data for each dev ice is given as follow G: 90 MVA 22KV X=18% T1: 50 MVA 22/220KV X=10% T2: 40 MVA 220/11KV X=6.0% T3: 40 MVA 22/110KV X=6.4% T4: 40 MVA 110/11KV X=8.0% M: 66.5 M VA 10.45 KV X=18.5% The three phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57MVA, 0.6 power facto r lagging at 10.45 KV. Line 1 and Line 2 have reactance of 48.4 and 65.43 ohms r espectively. (16) 5. A 345-KV, three phase transmission line is 130km long. The resistance per pha se is 0.036 ohm per km and the inductance per phase is 0.8 mH per km. The shunt capacitance is 0.0112 microfarad per km. the receiving end load is 270 MVA with 0.8 power factor lagging at 325 KV. Use the medium line model to find the voltag e and power at the sending end and the voltage regulation (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 6. (a) (i) The terminal voltage of a Y connected load consisting of three equal impedance of 2030 is 4.4 KV line to line. The impedance of each of the three lines connecting the load to a bus at a substation is ZL = 1.4 75 . Find the line to lin e voltage at the substation bus. (ii) List out the advantages of per unit comput ations. (6) (4) (iii) A single - phase transformer is rated 110/440 V, 2.5 KVA. Leakage reactanc e measured from the low-voltage side is 0.06 . Determine leakage reactance in per unit.(6) 7. The single line diagram of an unloaded power system is shown in fig . Reactances of the two sections of the transmission line are shown on the diagr am. The generator and transformers are rated as follows: Generator G1: 20 MVA, 13.8 KV, X = 20% Generator G2: 30 MVA, 18.0 KV, X = 20% Gene rator G3: 30 MVA, 20.0 KV, X = 20% Transformer T1 : 25 MVA, 220 Y / 13.8 KV, X = 10% Transformer T2 :3 single phase units each rated at : 10 MVA, 127/18 KV, X = 10% Transformer T3: 35 MVA, 220 Y / 22 Y KV, X = 10% Draw the reactance diagram using a base of 50 MVA and 13.8 KV on generator G1 (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 8. (i) Explain the need for system analysis in planning and operation of power s ystem. (6) (ii) Discuss about per phase analysis of symmetrical three phase syst em (10) 9. Draw the structure of an electrical power system and describe the com ponents of the system with typical values. 10. Draw the reactance diagram using a base of 100 MVA, 220 KV in 50 ohm line. (16) Generator : 40 MVA, 25 KV, X = 20% Transformer : 50 MVA, 11 KV, X = 20% Star Star transformer : 40 MVA, 33 / 220 KV, X = 15% Star Delta transformer : 30 MVA, 11 / 220 KV, X = 15% 11. A 120 MVA, 19.5 KV generator has a synchronous reactance of 0.15 p.u and it is connected to a transmission line through a transformer rated 150 MVA, 230/18 KV (star/delta) with X = 0.1 p.u. (i) (ii) (iii) Calculate the p.u reactance by taking generator rating as a base values Calculate the p.u reac tance by taking transformer rating as a base values. Calculate the p.u reactance for a base value of 100 MVA and 220 KV on H.T side of transformer. (5) (5) (6) (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS UNIT-II POWER FLOW ANALYSIS PART-A 1. What is transfer admittance? 2. What is se lf admittance? 3. State the known and known quantities of different buses 4. Wha t is the need for slack bus in power systems? 5. Define primitive network. 6. St ate the Disadvantages of Gauss Seidal method of load flow? 7. What is need for l oad flow study? 8. Give disadvantages of N R method. 9. What do you mean by flat voltage start? 10. What is P-Q bus in power flow analysis? 11. What is TCUL? co nfiguration. 13. What is the need for acceleration factor? 14. What is Q-limit o f generator? 15. List the different methods for computing Y bus. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 12. What are the constraints to be satisfied to solve load flow solutions for a given bus 16. What are all the approximations made in fast decoupled load flow solution?(2 ) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS PART-B 1. Find the bus admittances matrix for the system. Use the values of 220 KV and 100 MVA as base quantities. Express all impedances and admittance in per unit it is given that all the lines are characterized by a series impedances of 0.1+j0.7 ohm/km and shunt admittance of j0.35 10-5 mho/km. lines are rated at 220 KV. (16) 2. a. Derive static load equations for `n' bus system. 3. Draw the flowchart of gaus s seidal method for load flow analysis when PV bus is present (10) b. Compare Gauss seidal, Newton raphson and fast decoupled for load flow solutio n (6) (16) 4. The figure below shows the one line diagram of a simple three bus power syste m with generators at buses 1 and 3. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjuste d to 1.05 .u. voltage magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 p.u with a real power generation of 200 MW. A load consisting of 400 MW and 250 MVAR is taken from bus 2. Line impedances are marked in per unit on a 100 MVA base, and the line charg ing susceptances are neglected. Obtain the power flow solution by the gauss seid al method at the end of first iteration (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 5. Figure shows the one line diagram of a simple four bus system. Table gives th e line impedances identified by the buses on which these terminate. The shunt ad mittance at all buses on which these terminate. The shunt admittance at all buse s is assumed negligible. a. Fine YBUS assuming that the line dotted is not conne cted. What modifications need to be carried out in YBUS if the line shown dotted is connected? 1 2 (16) 3 Line, Bus Bus 1-2 1-3 2-3 2-4 3-4 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.30 0.15 to R, pu X, pu 4 6. Derive load flow algorithm using Gauss Seidal method with flow chart and disc uss the disadvantages of the method 7. Derive load flow algorithm using Newton R aphson method with flow chart and state the importance of the method. 8. With a neat flow chart explain the computational procedure for load flow solution using fast decoupled method when the system contain all types of buses. (16) (16) (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 9. For the network shown in fig. form the bus admittance matrix. Determine the r educed admittance matrix by eliminating node 4. (16) 10. Using Singular transformation method, Determine YBUS for the network shown i n Fig. Where the impedance labeled in p.u (16) 11. The following is the system data for a load flow solution : Bus code 1-2 1-3 2-3 2-4 3-4 Admittance 2.0 -j8.0 1.0 j3.0 0.6 j2.0 1.0 j4.0 2.0 j8.0 KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS The schedule of active and reactive power is Bus code 1 2 3 4 P 0.5 0.4 0.3 Q 0. 2 0.3 0.1 V 1.05+j0.0 1.0+j0.0 1.0+j0.0 1.0+j0.0 Remarks Slack PQ PQ PQ (16) Determine the voltage at the end of first iteration Using Gauss Seidal method. T ake acceleration factor = 1.4. 12. (i) Explain the formation of YBUS by Singular transformation with one example. (ii) Draw a one line diagram of a sample power system using machines, transformers, and transmission lines. synchronous (4) (1 2) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS UNIT-III FAULT ANALYSIS-BALANCED FAULT PART-A 1. What is Bolted or Solid fault ? 2. What is meant by fault in a power systems? 3. How the circuit breakers can b e selected? 4. What is off nominal tap ratio? 5. For the short circuit studies h ow the transmission line is represented? 6. Write the relative frequency of occu rrence of various types of faults? network? 8. What is doubling effect? 9. What is called sub transient reactance? 10. What is short circuit MVA or Short circui t Capacity? 12. What is cut set? 13. What is momentary duty of the circuit break er? 14. What is interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker? (2) (2) (2) (2) (2 ) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 7. What are the assumptions made in short circuit studies of a large power syste m 11. What are all the methods available to obtain bus impedance matrix of a netwo rk (2) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS PART-B 1. A 25 MVA, 11 KV generator with Xd''=20% is connected through a transformer to a bus which supplies four identical motors as shown in figure. Each motor ha s Xd'' =20% and Xd'=25% on a base of 5 MVA, 6.6 KV. The three phase rating of the tran sformer is 25 MVA, 11/6.6 KV with a leakage reactance of 10%. The bus voltage at the motors is 6.6 KV when a three phase fault occurs at point P. for the faults specified, Calculate (i) the sub transient current in the fault (ii) the sub tr ansient current in breaker A. (iii) momentary current in breaker A. (16) 2. A three phase transmission line operating at 33 KV and having a resistance an d reactance of 5 ohms and 15 ohms respectively is connected to the generating st ation bus-bar through a 5000 KVA step up transformer which has a reactance of 0. 05 p.u. Connected to the bus-bars are two alternators, one 10000 KVA having 0.08 p.u. reactance, and another 5000 KVA having 0.06 p.u. reactance. Calculate the KVA at a short-circuit fault between phases occurring (a) at the high voltage te rminals of the transformers (b) at load end of transmission line(16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 3. Determine the Z bus for the system whose reactance diagram is shown in the Fi g. where the impedance is given in p.u (16) 4. Explain the step by step procedure of the formation of ZBUS by bus building a lgorithm Fig. where the impedance is given in p.u (16) (16) 5. Determine the Z b us for the system whose reactance diagram is shown in the 6. Explain the step by step procedure for systematic fault analysis using bus im pedance matrix. 7. A synchronous generator and a synchronous motor each rated 25 MVA, 11 KV having 15% sub transient reactance are connected through transformer s and a line as shown in fig. The Transformers are rated 25 MVA, 11/66 KV and 66 /11 KV with leakage reactance of 10% each. The line has a reactance of 10% on a base of 25 MVA, 66 KV. The motor is drawing 15 MW at 0.5 power factor leading at a terminal voltage of 10.6 KV. When a symmetrical three phase fault occurs at t he motor terminals. Find the sub transient current in the generator, Motor and F ault. (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS (i) Find the bus impedance matrix for the system whose reactance diagram is show n fig. All the impedance are in p.u (10) (ii) Derive the P model for a transformers with off - nominal tap ratio. where the impedances are labeled are shown in per unit. (6) (16) 8. Using building algori thm method, determine ZBUS for the network shown in Fig 9. A generator is connected through a transformer to a synchronous motor. The su btransient reactance of generator and motor are 0.15 p.u. and 0.35 p.u.respectiv ely. The leakage reactance of the transformer is 0.1p.u. All the reactances are calculated on a common base. A three phase fault occurs at the terminals of the motor when the terminal voltage of generator is 1 p.u. and 0.8 p.f. leading. Fin d the subtransient current in p.u. in the fault, generator and motor. Use the te rminal voltage of generator as a reference vector. (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS

10. (i) The currents flowing in the lines towards a balanced load connected in a re Ia = 1000, Ib = 141.4 225, Ic = 10090. Find the symmetrical components of the given line currents and draw phasor diagram of the positive and negative sequence line and phase currents. (ii) Derive the expression of three phase power in terms of symmetrical components current and the line voltage at 11KV bus under fault con ditions. (8) (16) 11.For the radial Network shown below, a three phase fault occ urs at F. Determine the fault (8) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS UNIT-IV FAULT ANALYSIS-SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND UNBALANCED FAULT PART-A 1. Wha t is the use of symmetrical component in fault studies? 2. What are all the diff erent types of shunt faults? Va, Vb and Vc 4. Draw the negative sequence diagram of a synchronous machine impedance Zg0. 7. Write symmetrical components transmi ssion matrix SCTM? (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 3. Draw positive, negative and zero sequence phasors of a three unbalanced phaso r 5. Draw the zero sequence diagram of transmission line when it is grounded with 6. Draw the transformer zero sequence equivalent circuits of delta-delta connect ion (2) 8. Write the expression for apparent power in case 3-phase unbalanced lo ad?(2) 9. Compute the following in polar form i. a 1 1200 (2) ja ii. 1 a a2

10. Draw the zero sequence diagram of a synchronous generator with neutral groun ded (2) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS PART-B 1. The operator a is defined as a 0 i. (1 0 (1 a ) 2 iii. iv. 0 (a a2)( 2 a) V 1 an 3 0 a 0 3 180 ii. (1 a ) 2 a ) 1 120 (1 a 2 )

1 120 ; show that

1 V 3 1 bc 90 0 v. V 2 an

1 V 3 2 bc 90 0 (16) 2. Explain the sequence impedance of synchronous machine, transmission lines and star connected loads. connections (16) (16) 3. Draw the transformer zero sequen ce equivalent circuits for the various winding 4. A 25MVA, 11KV, three phase gen erator has a sub transient reactance of 20%. The generator supplies two motors o ver a transmission line with transformers at both ends as shown in one line diag ram a of figure. The motors have rated inputs of 15 and 7.5 MVA both 10KV with 2 5% sub transient reactance. The three phase transformers are rated 30MVA, 10.8/1 21KV, and connection delta-star with leakage reactance of 10% each. The series r eactance of the line is 100 ohms. Draw the positive and negative sequence networ

ks of the system with reactance marked in per unit. 5. Develop the sequence netw ork for a double line to ground (LLG) fault. (16) (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 6. Draw the Zero sequence diagram for the system whose one line diagram is shown in fig. (16) 7. (i) A salient pole generator without dampers is rated 20 MVA, 13.6 KV and has direct axis sub transient reactance of 0.2 per unit. The negative and zero sequ ence reactances are, respectively, 0.35 and 0.1 per unit. The neutral of the gen erator is solidly grounded. With the generator operating unloaded at rated volta ge with Ean = 1.0 0 per unit, a single line to ground fault occurs at the machine terminals, which then have per unit voltage to ground, 102.25; Vc = 1.013102.25 Det ermine the sub transient current in the generator and the line to line voltage f or sub transient conditions due to the fault. (16) Va = 0; Vb = 1.0138. Derive the expression for fault current in single line to ground fault on unl oaded generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the inter connection of netw orks to simulate single line to ground fault 9. Derive the expression for fault current in double line to ground fault on unloaded generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the inter connection of networks to simulate double line to gro und fault 10. Derive the expression for fault current in line to line fault on u nloaded generator. Draw an equivalent network showing the inter connection of ne tworks to simulate double line to line fault (16) (16) (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 11. An unloaded star connected solidly grounded 10 MVA, 11 KV, generator has Pos itive, Negative and zero sequence impedances as j 1.3 ohms, J 0.8 ohms and j 0.4 ohms respectively. Single line to ground fault occurs at terminals of the gener ator. (i) (ii) Calculate the fault current. Determine the value of the inductive reactance that must be inserted at the generator neutral to limit the fault cur rent to 50% of the value obtained in (i) Determine the fault current and MVA at faulted bus for a line to ground (solid) fault at bus 4 as shown in fig G1, G2 : 100 MVA, 11 KV, X+ = X - 15%, Xn = 6% T1, T2 : 100 MVA, 11 KV/220 KV, Xleak = 9 % L1, L2 : X+ = X - = 10% on a base of 100 MVA. Consider Fault at phase `a' (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS UNIT-V POWER SYSTEM STABILITY PART-A 1. Define inertia constant of a synchronous machine and write the unit of inertia constant 2. What is the graphical method used for analyzing transient stability? 3. Define dynamic stability 4. Distingui sh between steady state limit and transient limit. 5. What is critical clearing time and critical clearing angle? 6. Differentiate rotor angle stability and vol tage stability 7. What is midterm and long term stability? 8. State equal area c riterion (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 9. Draw the classical model of a synchronous machine connected to an infinite bu s. (2) 10. What is known as synchronizing coefficient or stiffness of a synchron ous machine? (2) 11. Write the swing equation for a single synchronous machine c onnected to an infinite bus bars. 12. State the casues of voltage stability (2) (2) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS PART-B 1. Derive swing equation used for stability studies in power system. (16) 2. Describe the equal area criterion for transient stability analysis of a syste m. (16) 3. Write the computation algorithm for obtaining swing curves using modi fied Euler's method 4. Write a short note on i. ii. shown Factors influencing tran sient stability Voltage collapse (16) (16) (16) 5. Given the system of figure below where a three phase fault is applied at a po int P as 6. Find the critical clearing angle for clearing the fault with simultaneous ope ning of the breakers 1 and 2. The reactance vales of various components are indi cated on the diagram. The generator is delivering 1.0 p.u power at the instant p receding the fault. The fault occurs at point P as shown in above figure. 7. Exp lain in detail the equal area criterion. (16) (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM

EE1352POWERSYSTEMANALYSIS 8. (i) Derive Expression for critical clearing angle. (ii) A 150 MVA generator t ransformer unit having an overall reactance of 0.3 p.u. is delivering 150 MW to infinite bus bar over a double circuit 220 KV line having reactance per phase pe r circuit of 100 ohms. A 3 - phase fault occurs midway along one of the transmis sion lines. Calculate the maximum angle of swing that the generator may achieve before the fault is cleared without loss of stability. (8) (8) 9. A 50 Hz, 500 MVA, 400 KV generator (with transformer) is connected to a 400 K V infinite bus bar through an interconnector. The generator has H = 2.5 MJ/MVA, Voltage behind transient reactance of 450 KV and is loaded 460 MW. The transfer reactances between generator and bus bar under various conditions are : Prefault During Fault Post fault 0.5 Pu 1.0 Pu 0.75 Pu Calculate the swing curve using intervals of 0.05 sec and assuming that the faul t is cleared at 0.15 sec. 10. Explain the modified Euler method of analyzing mul ti machine power system for stability, with neat flow chart. (16) (16) KINGSCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,PUNALKULAM