MODULe Analis

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Structure Reading Writing - Speaking
Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung
Contents
Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 6 THE PARTS OF SPEECH......................................................................................................... 6 SENTENCE................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................... 8 THE BASIC STRUCTURES OF SPEAKING ENGLISH ......................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 15 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ......................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................. 18 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES .................................................................................................... 18 SPEAKING ........................................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 20 GREETING ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Introducing Yourself ...................................................................................................................... 20 Introducing Other People ............................................................................................................. 21 Identifying People, Things ............................................................................................................. 21 Classroom Questions .................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 23 Conversation Starters ............................................................................................................ 23 General greetings and inquiries ........................................................................................................ 23 Asking about present activities ......................................................................................................... 23 Asking and telling about recent events ............................................................................................ 23 Bringing up a serious topic................................................................................................................ 24 Rejoinders ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Rejoinders are quick responses to show that you are interested or paying attention. ................... 24 Note how rejoinders are used in the following situations. .............................................................. 24 Rejoinders may also take the form of follow-up questions. Note how they are used in the following situations. .......................................................................................................................... 24 Giving Opinions ............................................................................................................................. 25 Asking for Opinions ........................................................................................................................... 25 Giving Opinions ................................................................................................................................. 25 CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................. 25 Situations: Introducing Others ......................................................................................... 25 ANALIS KESEHATAN 2
Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung Buying and Selling ......................................................................................................................... 27 Making Suggestions ...................................................................................................................... 27 Asking for Favors ........................................................................................................................... 28 Requesting .................................................................................................................................... 28 Offering ......................................................................................................................................... 29 Speaking Situations: Expressing Possibility ................................................................................... 29 Asking for Directions ..................................................................................................................... 30 Asking about Place/Location ......................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................................. 32 Discussion Techniques .......................................................................................................... 32 DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING ................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................. 35 DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING ....................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................................. 37 GIVING SUCSESSFUL PRESENTATION .............................................................................. 37 I. II. Preparing Your Presentation................................................................................................ 37 USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR YOUR PRESENTATIONS .................................................................... 39 III. IV. Practicing your presentation ............................................................................................ 42 GIVING YOUR PRESENTATION ......................................................................................... 44
The example of presentation: ................................................................................................ 45 ORGAN DONATION ............................................................................................................... 45 LISTENING ........................................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 47 OBESITY EPIDEMIC .................................................................................................................. 47 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 48 BUSINESS ENGLISH TO GO ..................................................................................................... 48
Part 1 - Interviews .......................................................................................................................... 48

Part 2 Induction .......................................................................................................................... 53
Part 3 Meetings ........................................................................................................................... 57 Part 4 - Presentations ..................................................................................................................... 62 Part 5 Appraisals......................................................................................................................... 66

Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 71 PRESENTATION : OPENING ................................................................................................... 71 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 71 ANALIS KESEHATAN 3
Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung BODY........................................................................................................................................... 72 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 72 INTERUPTION ......................................................................................................................... 73 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 73 QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................... 74 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 74 TIPS............................................................................................................................................. 75 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 75 READING ............................................................................................................................................. 76 CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................................... 76 WHAT CAN COMPUTER DO? ................................................................................................. 76 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................. 77 THE MAJOR PURPOSES OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEM .................................................... 77 WRITING ............................................................................................................................................. 81
ANALIS KESEHATAN
ANALIS KESEHATAN
Structure
INTRODUCTION
THE PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Noun 2. Verb 3. Adjective 4. Adverb 5. Pronoun 6. Conjunction 7. Preposition 8. Interjection
: table, horse, people, student, rice etc : walk, write, sing, dig, hold, sleep, cry, laugh etc : lazy, sad, happy, clever, pretty, good, bad etc : here, there, Jakarta, Bandung etc : she, he, it, they, we etc : and, or, out, after, before, because etc : in, on, at, between, by etc : Hello! , Auch! , Hi! , Oh! Etc
ANALIS KESEHATAN
SENTENCE
There are three kinds of English sentences: 1. Simple : The boy hits the ball. The boys did not hit the ball. Does the boy hit the ball? Are you expecting a parcel now? Where did you go on vacation?
2. Compound He can neither read nor write. They bought not only a car but also a house. Compound sentences always include of co-ordinate conjunction, which are: Or, But, Yet, Either.or, Not onlybut also, And, So, Both.and, Neither..nor.
3. Complex Although he ran fast, he failed to win the race. He is funny when he pretends t be stupid.
ANALIS KESEHATAN
Complex sentences always include of subordinate conjunction, which are: when, after, while, because, since, although, which, until, as soon as, before, as, in order to, who, that.
CHAPTER 1
THE BASIC STRUCTURES OF SPEAKING ENGLISH
Ada beberapa langkah yang harus dipahami jika ingin berbicara, menulis bahasa inggris, dan memahami English textbook deangan benar. Langkah-langkah tersebut sbb: I. Mengetahui Fungsi to BE 1. Adalah = S + are, is, was, were + Noun Example: a. He is sole distributor here b. He was a debt collector at WOM Finance
2. Ada atau Berada = S + are, am, is, was, were + adverb of place Example: a. I was in Singapore when I was child b. Where is Ishell? She is at home
3. Akan berada = S + will/shall + be + adv of place e/ ishell must be here right now Dapat berada = S + can + be + Adv of Place e/ I can be in Jakarta on evening Harus berada = S + must + be + adv of place e/ I must be in Paris Friday morning Seharusnya = S + should + be + adv of place e/ You should be at class right now Ingin berada = S + want to + be + adv of place e/ I want to be in Italy this time
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4. Pelengkap = S + can, must, will, shall, should, want to + be + adjective e/ I must be calm to present my paper
5. Akan menjadi = S + will, shall + be + noun e/ I shall be employee a dapat menjadi = S + can + be + noun e/ I can be a presenter as she is good at communication Harus menjadi = S + must + be + noun e/ I must be a good lecturer Seharusnya menjadi = S + should + be + noun e/ You should be a technician not a driver Ingin menjadi = S + want to + be + noun e/ I want to be a professor PT. PINDAD
II.
Fungsi to HAVE 1. Mempunyai = S + have/has/had + noun e/ I have twenty subordinaries and they are at different position 2. Telah/Sudah = S + have/ has/had + V3 e/ I have sustained the growth of our branches offices to achieve the target 3. Harus = S + have/has/had + to infinitive (V1) e/ She has to report her achievement. 4. Causative (menyebabkan orang lain melakukan sesuatu) = S + have/has +something + V3 e/ I have my car repaired
III.
Membuat kalimat APAKAH 1. DO, DOES/DID + S + Verb + ?

ANALIS KESEHATAN 9
e/ Do you know how to raise about 80 million for the company? Did she go yesterday
2. Are, am, is, was, were + S + out of verb e/ are you at marketing? 3. Membuat kalimat apakah ditengah kalimat Gunakan if atau whether untuk mengatakan apakah di tengah kalimat. e/ I dont know how whether the boards of manager can improve the management system.
IV.
Membuat kalimat Tanya dengan WH-questions (what, where, why, who, whose, which) e/ what do you like? Where do you live? Why does she work in a bank? Which one will he choose? Whose pen is it?
V.
Bagaimana mengenali subject? 1. Noun : e/ You must keep staff motivated, especially when things get difficult. 2. Ingform : e/ analyzing the financial report should be performed monthly. 3. To infinitive : e/ to analyze the financial report need two hours. 4. There: e/ there are options given 5. IT : e/ it is difficult to sell the product. Beintuk ingform setelah preposisi: .after, before, in, on, at. Example: These goods have been checked before being sent. I will give reward after knowing their sales achievement.
VI.
Passive Voice
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a. Di = S + are, am, is, was, were + V3 + Object e/ the report is analyzed by production manager. b. Sedang di : S + a, is, are, was, were + being + V3 + Object e/ Your order was being delivered at the time.
c. Telah di/Sudah di = S + have, has + been + V3 + (by) + Object e/ these products have been delivered by him. d. Akan di = S + shall, will, should, would + be + V3 + (by) + Object These goods shall be delivered by them the end of this month. e. Akan di = S + is, are, was, were + going + to be + V3 + (by) e/ these products are going to be delivered the next monday f. Dapat di = S + can, could + be + V3 + (by) + O e/ new style of marketing strategy can be created g. Harus di = S + must + be + V3 + (by) + O These goods must be distributed through the world. h. Apakah di = are, am, is, was, were + S + V3 + ( by) + O + ? e/ was the meeting closed yesterday? i. Akankah.di ? : shall/will + S + be + V3 + (by) + O + ? e/ shall new product be produced by our company? Dapatkahdi ? : can + S + be + V3 + (by) + O + ? Haruskah.di ? : Must + S + be + V3 + (by) + O + ?
VII.
DEGREES OF COMPARISONS Tingkat perbandingan dala bahasa inggris ada tiga, yaitu: Tingkat positive Tingkat lebih : asas = se : .erthan = lebih dari ..morethan Tingkat paling : the.est The most.. 1. One syllable adjective Positive Dark Comparative darker than Superlative the darkest
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Old Tall New Strong
older than taller than newer than stronger than
the oldest the tallest the newest the strongest
2. Two syllables adjective Boring Careful Famous more boring than more careful than more famous than the most boring the most careful the most famous
3. Adjective with three or more syllable Important Responsible more important than more responsible than the most important the most responsible
4. Irregular forms of adjective Bad Far Little Many/much worse than farther than less than more the worst the farthest the least the most
5. ly adverbs Carefully Clearly more carefully than more clearly the most carefully the most clearly
6. Adverbs that do not end in ly Close Fast Hard closer than faster than harder than the closest the fastest the hardest
7. Irregular forms of adverbs

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Badly Far Well Example:
worse than farther than better than
the worst the farthest the best
1. An esay test is more difficult than an objective test. 2. The ice cream is the best of all. 3. The prices are more expensive than those at a discount store. VIII. YANG 1. People + that, who, which + am, is, are, was, were + V3 = yang di e/ the woman who was dismissed is my friend. 2. Something + that, which + have, has + been + V3 = yang telah di e/ the goods which have been sent to Jakarta are broken. 3. Something + that, which + shall, will + be + V3 = akan di e/ I believe the goods which shall be sold are at good condition.
IX.
Mengenali bentuk kata benda abstrak Kata benda nyata seperti table, teacher mudah dikenali dan bila berhubungan dengan kata sifat, maka posisinya kata sifat dulu baru kata benda (adj + N). akan tetapi bagaimana mengenali kata bendayang abstrak (tidak dapat disentuh), seperti explanation. Bila dalam bahas Indonesia memepunyai ciri-ciri pean dan ke.an sedangkan dalam bahas inggris mempunyai cirri yan berakhiran dengan: ----------ment ----------ship ----------nce ----------ty/y ----------ion -----------ness : develop (v) menjadi development (N) : leader (N) menjadi leadership (N) : accept (V) menjadi acceptance (N) : deliver (V) menjadi delivery (N) : decide (V) menjadi decision (N) : good (Ajd) menjadi goodness (N)
Mengenali bentuk kata sifat --------al --------ent : technology (N) ------ technological (Adj) : differ (V) ------------ different (Adj)
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-------ive ------able ------less ------ful
: act (V) ----------active (Adj) : accept (V) --------acceptable (Adj) : care (V) ---------careless (Adj) : care (V) ----------careful (Adj)
Example : 1. Explain If you read the explanatory leaflet, everything should be clear. We are waiting for an explanation of his behavior in the meeting 2. Expense Its expensive to send the goods by air but theyre needed urgently. They offered her Rp. 100.000 plus expenses. Unfortunately expenditure on the project was much more than expected. His expense claims are being looked at by the Chief Account.
ANALIS KESEHATAN
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CHAPTER 2
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech asalah kalimat yang melukiskan ucapan langsung dari seseorang. Kalmat itu diberi tanda baca : .. Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang menceritakan kembali ucapan-ucao\pan seseorang secara tidak langsung.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Simple Present He never eat meat, he explained. 2. Present Continuous Im waiting for Ria, he said. 3. Present Perfect I have found a flat, He said. 4. Present Perfect Continuous
Past Tense He explained that he never ate meat. Past Continuous he said that he was Waiting for Ria. Past Perfect he said that he had Found a flat. Past Perfect Cont.
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Ive been waiting for ages, He said. 5. Simple Past I took it home with me, She said. Her. 6. Future He said, I will be in Paris on Monday. 7. Future Cont. I will be using the car myself On the 24th, she said.
he said that he had Been waiting for ages. Past Perfect She said that she had Taken it home with
Past Future he said that he would Be in Paris on Monday. Past Future Cont. she said that she Would be using the Car by herself on the 24th.
8. Past Future She said, I would like to see it Would like to see it.
Past Future she said that she
Berupa fakta: He said, London is a great city he said that London is a great city.
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Interrogative
Says: Hably says to Ishell, I am late Can, are, will, do if/whether 5W + H why, where, which, who, how Hably says to Ishell that he is late.
Imperative Command: He said to his servant, Go away at once He ordered his servant to go away at once. Adverbial : Direct This These Here Ago Now Today Tomorrow Yesterday Last night Next week/year A year ago The day after tomorrow Indirect that those there before then that day the next day the previous day the previous night thefollowing week/year a year before in two days time
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Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung CHAPTER 3
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional Sentence ( Kalimat pengandaian if) Kalimat pengandaian di bagi dalam tiga bagian yaitu: 1. Possible ( mungkin) Apabila kalimat pertama adalah future, maka kalimat kedua adalah present. Begitu pula sebaliknya. Example: he will come if you invite him. if I see her, Ill tell her.
2. Imaginary ( khayalan ) Apabila kata kerja dalam klausa if adalah dalam bentuk past, maka kata kerja dalam induk kalimat adalah dalam bentuk pengandaian (conditona). Example: He would come if you invited him> If I saw her, Id tell her
3. impossible ( tidak mungkin ) apabila kat a kerja dalam klausa if adalah dalam bentuk past perfect tense, maka kata kerja dalam induk kalimat adalah dalam bentuk perfect conditional. Example: he would have come if you had invited him. If I had seen her, Id have told her.
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Note: unless = if not I wont pay you unless you do the work. Berarti I wont pay you if you do not do the work.
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SPEAKING
CHAPTER 1
GREETING
1. Hi. Hello. 2. Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening. 3. How are you? How are you doing? How ya doing? (Informal) 4. Fine. How about you? 5. Okay. Thanks.
Introducing Yourself 1. I'm John. I'm Jackie. (Use first name in informal situations) 2. I'm John Kennedy. I'm Jackie O'Neill. (Use full name in business and formal situations) 3. (It's) nice to meet you. (It's) nice meeting you. 4. Nice to meet you too. (It's) good to meet you.
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Introducing Other People 1. This is my friend, Jack. my brother, Bob. my sister, Cindy. my father, Mr. Harris. my mother, Mrs. Harris. my teacher, Ms. Watson. my student, Carrie. my friend, Mary Jones. my boss, Mr. Ritter. my co-worker, Penny Pitcher. 2. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too. Hi Jack. I'm Linda
Identifying People, Things 1. This is Minnie Rivers. That is Mr. Lewis. 2. Minnie is a writer. Mr. Lewis is a barber. Gail is an artist. He is a photographer. She is a secretary. He's a dentist. She's a doctor. 3. I am a computer programmer. I'm a businessman. I'm a businesswoman. I'm not a mechanic. 4. We are writers. They are engineers. You are a student.
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5. This is an apple. This is a banana. That is an orange. That is not a tomato. It is a telephone. It's a horse. It's not an airplane.
Classroom Questions What's your name? What is this? What is that? How do you say it in English? How do you spell it? Please say it again. Please speak more slowly. I don't understand. I'm sorry. My name is Robert. You can call me Bob That's a pencil It's a desk. Eraser. E-R-A-S-E-R. All right. Okay. Listen carefully. Let me explain. That's okay.
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CHAPTER 2 Conversation Starters
General greetings and inquiries How's it going? How's everything? How's life? Asking about present activities What's up? What's happening? Asking and telling about recent events What's new? Guess what? (What interesting has happened since I last saw you?) (I want to tell you something. Ask me about it.) (The appropriate response to this is "What?") (What are you doing now?) (This means "How are you?" not "Where are you going?")
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A: Guess what? A: I just got a new job.
B: What? B: Congratulations!
Bringing up a serious topic Can I talk to you for a minute? Do you have a minute? Got a minute?
Rejoinders Rejoinders are quick responses to show that you are interested or paying attention.
(Oh) Really? That's interesting. Is that right? Note how rejoinders are used in the following situations.
1. I just got a new job. 2. I lost my wallet yesterday.
Oh really? That's great! Oh really? That's too bad.
Rejoinders may also take the form of follow-up questions. Note how they are used in the following situations.
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1. I just bought a new car. 2. Johnny is in the hospital. 3. I'm going to Hawaii.
You did? He is? You are?
Giving Opinions Asking for Opinions What do you think? What's your opinion? What are your ideas? Do you have any thoughts on that? How do you feel about that? Giving Opinions I think we should get a new car. I don't think we need one. I believe (that) smoking should be outlawed. I don't believe (that) it should be illegal. In my opinion, Gone with the Breeze is the best movie ever made. I feel that it's the right thing to do. I don't feel that it's such a good idea.
CHAPTER 3 Situations: Introducing Others
Conversation Practice These types of introductions involve three people:
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A: The introducer (who knows both B and C) B: Introducee (knows A but not C) C: Introducee (knows A but not B) Example, A: Have you two met each other? B: No, we haven't. A: Ben, this is Carol. Carol this is Ben. (B and C smile and shake hands.) B: Nice to meet you Carol. C: Nice to meet you too, Ben.
Follow-up: After you have been introduced to someone, it is polite to ask a few general questions* to get acquainted. For example, B: Where are you from, Carol? C: I'm from Connecticut.
B: Connecticut, which part? C: Hartford, the capital. How about you, Ben? B: Nebraska--a place called Bellevue. It's near Omaha. C: How do you know Alan (A)? B: He is my friend from college. Practice introducing your friends to each other.
Remember to smile (and use handshakes where appropriate). *When meeting someone for the first time, it is not appropriate to ask certain types of questions. Do NOT ask: A person's age Birth date Salary
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Weight Marital status You may ask general questions about the situation. How do you know Alan (the person who introduced us)? Are you a student at this university? Is this your first time here? What do you do for a living? How long have you been working for (company)?
Buying and Selling 1. May I help you? 2. What can I do for you? Yes, I'd like to buy these razors. I'm looking for the cameras. Okay, that'll be $6.85 with tax.
3. Is there something I can help youNo, I'm just browsing. ThanksThey're in Aisle with? anyway. How much is this? Two. Ok. It's $4.95. Making Suggestions Here are some phrases and expressions for making suggestions in English.
don't we . . . (do something together)
That's a good idea. 1. I think you should buy the blue one. 2. I don't think you should sell your car. 3. Let's go bowling tonight. 4. Why don't we go skiing on Saturday? Thanks for the advice, but I really need the money. Sorry, I can't. I'm meeting a friend for dinner. Sounds like a good idea. Where do you want to
5. Why don't you come with me to China? go? Thanks, but I've already been there.
ANALIS KESEHATAN 27
Asking for Favors Here are some sample phrases and expressions for asking favors in English.
asking permission)
1. Can you help me with my math? 2. Could you bring me some coffee? 3. Would you open the car door for me? 4. Could I ask you a favor?
Sure. What's the problem? I'd be glad to. How do you like it? No problem. It looks like your hands are full. It depends. What is it?
Requesting Here are some phrases and expressions for requesting in English. - Help me.* - Please help me. - Can you help me? - Will you help me? (please) . . . ? - Could you help me? - Would you please help me? - Would you mind helping me? - Could you possibly help me out here? be so kind as to . . . ? - Would you be so kind as to help me (with this)? See also: Free-English-Study: Requesting 1. Give me a paper towel. 2. Please mail this letter for me. Here you are. Okay. I'll stop by the post office on my way
3. Would you please turn down thathome. music? Sorry. Is it bothering you?
ANALIS KESEHATAN 28
4. Will you type my term paper for me?
Sure. When do you need it?
5. Would you give me a ride home?Sorry. I'm not going in that direction. (Could you . . .) *This is also used in commands: Example, Go to your room!
Offering 1. Here. Have a cookie. 2. Would you like some pie? 3. How about a glass of wine? 4. What will you have (to drink)? 5. Would you like some more cake? Thanks. No thank you. It looks delicious though. Thanks, but I don't drink (alcohol). Orange juice will be fine. Sure. It's really good. Did you bake it yourself ?
6. Can I get you some milk or something? Well, a glass of water would be okay.
Speaking Situations: Expressing Possibility Here are some words and phrases for talking about possibility in English.
See also: Free-English-Study: Expressing Possibility. 1. We can stay here for the evening. 2. I may be in California next Monday. I'd rather not. It's only a few more hours (of driving).
3. She might not make it to the wedding. Well, let me know what you decide. 4. We could go (and) see a movie. That's too bad. I hope she feels better soon.
? ? ? Or we could go out for ice cream. That would be fun.
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Asking for Directions Here are some phrases and expressions for asking directions in English. asking about location.)
(the) . . . ?
See also: Free-English-Study: Asking for Directions Yeah. There's one right across the street. 1. Excuse me. Is there a grocery store aroundSorry. I don't live around here. here? 2. Can you tell me how to get to Phoenix? 3. Where's Tanner's Leather Shop? 4. How do you get to the bank? It's on the corner of Holly and Vine. Next to the library. Go straight down this street for two blocks. Turn left when you get to Maple Street. Stay on Maple for half a block. It's on the left hand side.
Asking about Place/Location It's on Main Street. It's next to the post office. It's between the bakery and the barber shop.
It's on the corner of Ninth Street and Pine (Street). Where's Lagoon?
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It's in Davis County, near Kaysville. It's on I-15, between Farmington and Kaysville. It's ten miles north of Salt Lake City. Directions How do you get to the sporting goods store?
(on foot) First, go down State Street until you get to 4th South. Then, turn left. Then, go down 4th South for three blocks. It's on the right side of the street next to Wendy's. (by car) Take State Street to 4th South. At 4th South, turn left. Stay on 4th South for about three blocks. The sporting goods store will be on the right, next to Wendy's. How do you get to (your house in) Lehi?
Take I-15 south about 20 miles. After you cross the mountain, watch for the signs to Lehi. Take the first Lehi exit. When you get off the freeway, make a right turn at the stop sign. Follow the road (15th East) for five blocks. Make a left turn on Royal Drive. Continue on Royal Drive until you see the big oak tree. My house is on the left hand side. It's a two-story, red brick house with a large front yard. You can't miss it!
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CHAPTER 4 Discussion Techniques
DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING
Discussion techniques
ANALIS KESEHATAN 32
In a meeting, you may want to find out what the other members of the group think. You can ask them for their views by saying. What are your views on this, Unyu? Kirei, what do you think about it? Do you agree. Hen? Ani, what is your opinion? If you want to interrupt someone and put forward your opinion you can say: Sorry to interrupt, but Id just like to say that Could I make a suggestion? It seems to me that If you want to make sure the others in the group have understood or find out if they agree with you, can say: Do you see what I mean? Are you with me? Do you agree Denis? Are we unanimous? Does anyone object? If you dont understand what someone has said, you can say: Sorry, could you say that again, please? I am sorry, I didnt catch what you said. Sorry, I am not quite with you. MEETINGS How to open a meeting and introduce a speaker. Opening a meeting a. Greeting Good morning(until 12.00) afternoon (12.00-18.00) evening (after 18.00)
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b. Welcome Welcome to PT.PINDAD/ our conference/etc. On behalf of PT. PINDAD/ MR. Ramly/ the committee/ etc. I would like to welcome you to our meeting about. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming to PT.PNDAD
Introducing a speaker Speakers identity I am very pleased to introduce our speaker today, Mr. David from HRD Dept, who will talk us today about
DISCUSSION 1. People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons (for example: new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend colleges? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
2. Parents are the best teacher. Use the specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
3. Read and think about the following statement: people behave differently when they wear different clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the way people behave? Use specific reason to support your answer.
4. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reason and details to support your answer.
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5. Some people trust their first impressions about a pe rsons character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a persons character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choices with specific examples.
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING
Discussion techniques In a meeting, you may want to find out what the other members of the group think. You can ask them for their views by saying. What are your views on this, Unyu? Kirei, what do you think about it? Do you agree. Hen? Ani, what is your opinion? If you want to interrupt someone and put forward your opinion you can say: Sorry to interrupt, but Id just like to say that Could I make a suggestion? It seems to me that If you want to make sure the others in the group have understood or find out if they agree with you, can say: Do you see what I mean? Are you with me? Do you agree Denis? Are we unanimous? Does anyone object?
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If you dont understand what someone has said, you can say: Sorry, could you say that again, please? I am sorry, I didnt catch what you said. Sorry, I am not quite with you. MEETINGS How to open a meeting and introduce a speaker. Opening a meeting c. Greeting Good morning(until 12.00) afternoon (12.00-18.00) evening (after 18.00) d. Welcome Welcome to PT.PINDAD/ our conference/etc. On behalf of PT. PINDAD/ MR. Ramly/ the committee/ etc. I would like to welcome you to our meeting about. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming to PT.PNDAD
Introducing a speaker Speakers identity I am very pleased to introduce our speaker today, Mr. David from HRD Dept, who will talk us today about
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CHAPTER 6 GIVING SUCSESSFUL PRESENTATION
I.
Preparing Your Presentation There are eight stages to preparing a presentation. 1. Objectives Why are giving this talk? Who will you be talking to? How much do they know about the subject already? What effect do you want your presentation to have?
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2. Limitations How long have you got? Do you have to follow a certain format? Where will you be giving your presentation? Can you change the room around to suit your preferences? 3. Main points Decide on your main points. No more than three points in a 10minute talk. Is there a logical connection between these points? What evidence can you produce to support your points and make your case clear? 4. Beginning Youll need to get the audiences attention, so introduce yourself. Check that they can see and hear you all right. Tell them what your topic is Tell them how youll discuss it: How long is your presentation going to be? How many parts are there? Will you take questions as you proceed? Will you invite discussion at the end? 5. Middle Prepare your talk so you lead the audience through your main points in a logical and interesting fashion. It helps if you put variety in the ways you present your case. Where they are appropriate, you could plan to use: . examples, anecdotes and case histories
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Charts and graphs Handout given out at the start, in the middle or at the end of the presentation. Slides, video clips or objects which people can pass round 6. End Summaries the main points of your presentation and make your conclusion. If possible leave the audience a parting shot to stimulate their thoughts. 7. And then When you have written your presentation, look it over carefully, from the viewpoint of: Your intended audience Does it meet the objectives? Is the structure as logical as can be? Is the content right for the audience? Is it too long? Then revise the presentation 8. Visuals Prepare your visuals (powerpoint slides, overhead Projector foils, etc) Make sure they are clear, and that any text is big enough (no smaller than 5% of screen size, or 24 point). II. USEFUL LANGUAGE FOR YOUR PRESENTATIONS Giving a presentation in your own language can be one of the hardest things you ever have to do-giving a presentation in English
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for many people, can be a nightmare. Making use of some of the following phrases in your presentation will make you feel much more confident. 1. The Introduction At the beginning of any presentations (once you have greeted your audience and introduced yourself. Of course!) it is important to make clear the subject of your presentation, how long you are going to speak and the way in which you have arranged your presentation. You also need to tell if I the audience the best time for asking questions. So, the opening of a presentation could sound something like this:
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for coming this morning. My name is Jane Brown, and for the next 20 minutes I shall be talking to you about our new productproduct X. if you have any questions while Im speaking, please save them for the end of the presentation.
Of course, if you dont mind being interrupted, then you say, instead of the last sentence:
If you have any questions while Im speaking, please dont be hesitating to interrupt me.
Next, you need to explain to your audience how you have organized your presentation perhaps you could say:
I have divided my presentation into three parts: the history and development of product X; the use and applications of product X;
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and the marketing implications of the product. At the end, I hope to have some time to be able to answer your questions.
Once you have completed the introduction-once you have told the audience what you are going to sayyou begin the main part of the presentation. You will find it helpful to prepare some phrases which link your ideas. 2. The main body In this part of the presentation you are probably going to need bridging language to make it clear to your audience that you have finished one point and are about to move on to another. Ideally, the move from one subject to another will be smooth and easy. Some of these phrases might be useful: And that brings me nicely on to my next point.. One point that follows from A is B. Talk of A naturally leads us to consider B. If the links between subject matter are not so easy, then one of these phrases may be necessary: So thats it for A. now lets turns B. Now. Quite distinct from A, we have B.. That covers A so what about B..? Also during the main presentation it is likely that you will want to show your audience some overheads. The Useful language to introduce these includes: I have prepared an overhead to illustrate this.. This point can be seen more clearly in visual form.. Lets have a look at this transparency. Throughout the presentation, it is important to keep things as simple as possible. Short, clear statements are worth a lot more than complicated
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explanations. The easier it is for you to say it, the easier it will be for your audience to understand. 3. The conclusion When you have finished the presentation dont forget the conclusion. Your conclusion should briefly touch on all the points you have made. These phrases will be helpful for this stage of the presentation: Before I finish, let me just summarize the main points By way of conclusion, here again are the most important points To sum up, then, the main aspects of this are Then, having repeated the main points you should end by thanking your audience and indicating what is going to happen next. Like this: Thank you for your attention, ladies and gentlemen. If there are any
questions, Id be delighted to answer them.

That concludes all I have to say on the subject I hope that I have given
you a clear picture of the problems and opportunities. Perhaps we should now adjourn for a coffee.
Thank you again for giving me this chance to speak to you, ladies and
gentlemen. I hope that you have found the time well spent.
III. Practicing your presentation Once you have prepared, you need to do five things before you actually give your presentation. 1. Practice Practice giving your talk on your own. Get used to the sound of your own voice, ideally in a room of the size you will be using. Check how long your talk is.
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When youre happy with it, key the presentation out on a friend. 2. Visuals Are your visuals effective? Practice using your visuals. Practice talking to the audience, not to the screen. Practice combining giving your talk with changing the slides. 3. Script Does the script need tightening up or rewriting? What form will your final script take? Will your script be the complete text printed in a large typeface? If so, take care to stay in touch with your audience, rather than just reading your script to them. Will your script be key words on index cards? If so, take care to keep the cards in sequence. 4. Space Arrive in good time Spend a few minutes getting familiar with the room and any audio-visual equipment youll be using Allow yourself time to get comfortable in the space this is your space where you will give your talk. 5. Breathing
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When people are nervous, they tend to take quick, shallow breaths, which make their voice sound weak. This makes them feel even more nervous. Heres how to overcome this, and feel more relaxed: Breathe in slowly and deeply, concentrating on filling your tummy with air with each breath Breathe out slowly, getting rid of as much air as you can Repeat a and b five times.
IV.
GIVING YOUR PRESENTATION There are four things to remember during your presentation: 1. Presence As you get up to give your presentation, make a conscious effort to stand tall, take a deep breath and look as if you enjoy being there. 2. Eye contact Make eye contact with people in your audience in a friendly way. People respond much better when they think you are talking to them, not just reading your script to yourself. In a small room, try to make eye contact with each person in the audience; in a larger hall, make eye contact with different groups in the audience. 3. Voice Speak slowly and clearly Remember to breathe slowly and deeply. Speak clearly
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Speak loudly enough so everyone can hear. If you are not sure if they can hear you clearly, ask if they can. 4. Move You are allowed to move as you give your presentation. It can help add variety and interest to come to the front of the podium to deliver a telling point. Try to avoid hiding behind the lectern. Good luck with your presentations. Remember that the audiences are on your side: they want you to do well.
The example of presentation: ORGAN DONATION
Ladies and Gentlemen, today I am here to share with you my views on organ donation, in the hope that you will take them on board and give someone the ultimate gift after you have left this earth the gift of life. Ladies and Gentlemen, at this moment in the U.S there are 79,000 U.S patients on the transplant waiting list. Three thousand a month are added to this total. Not a lot you may say when the population is close to three hundred million, but now add twenty to thirty family and friends to each patient, and the number increases vastly.
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Every day between 16 and 17 people die whilst waiting for a transplant. Again you may say not a lot but in average mans lifetime the death toll is 1,980,160 almost two million people. Ladies and gentlemen you can help by donating your vital organs after you have passed away you can save lives. For the more sentimental of you, of the 79,000 patients waiting for a transplant, over 10 percent of these are children under 18 years of age. So how can you help? All you have to do is get in touch with your local doctor and he will tell you all you need to know. You fill out one form, and receive a card; it really is that easy. Then, once you have passed away in many years to come, your organs will be removed and will give somebody else the chance of life. After a transplant of a vital organ, the average survival rate is over 80%. A massive increase from the 20% that would live without the surgery. Some people worry. Will they be left open after the surgery as they are already dead, or will they still be able to? Have an open casket funeral? The answers to these are simple. You will be treated with the up most respect in the surgery and the same procedures apply to the body as a living body. And yes, you will be able to have an open casket funeral if you wish to. Ladies and Gentlemen- the gift of life is the most amazing gift anybody can give. How can I see things, and what made me become a donor, is that after I am gone I will have no use for my organs. So, why should I deprive someone else from using them?
Please consider what I have said today. Thank you.
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LISTENING
CHAPTER 1 OBESITY EPIDEMIC
20 February 2008 The world needs to tackle the growing epidemic of obesity with the same sense of global urgency as climate change. The head of the international obesity taskforce, Proffesor Philip James, said that we needed greater political leadership at the international level. This report from Matt McGrath: (Listen carefully and complete the missing blanks) The scale of the ________________________________ is such that the world needs ______________________________________________ on the best ways to tackle it. At present, according to Professor Philip James, an expert on __________________________, __________________________________________. This worldwide weight gain is
________________________________ in some diseases- the number of people with type two _______________________________ is expected to double to 366 million by 2030. According to Professor James ____________________________________________ for being over weight- we need real political leadership to change the environment that is rapidly making the world fat. The fat content of food needs to
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be
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__________________________________________________________________, advertisers must be prevented from targeting children and governments must encourage people ___________________________________ Professor James also said that new data from Scandinavia indicates that the weight of a child at the age of 7 to 12 _______________________________________ they are going to die early from heart disease or other problems.
CHAPTER 2
BUSINESS ENGLISH TO GO
BBC Learning English Talk about English
Business Language To Go Part 1 - Interviews
This programme was first broadcast in 2001. This is not a word for word transcript of the programme
Carmela This series is all about chunks of language - now, forget about dictionaries and grammar books. You dont have the time for that! You want short cuts to quick, fluent and natural-sounding English. Ill be joined each week in the studio by business English expert David Evans. So David, why are chunks of language seen as the way forward? David Well, I think the basic idea is that thats the way that native speakers learn the language, so why shouldnt non-native speakers do the same thing? Carmella: But traditionally, non-native speakers have learnt pieces of grammar, theyve learnt the rules about grammar and individual words. David: Yes, and obviously theres nothing wrong with that learning a language word by word or - rule - by rule; is an effective way of doing it. The trouble is that in the business world you need to be able to communicate quickly and under pressure -and it can often be hard to find that grammar rule or find that word if youve been learning the language in that way.
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Carmela And, of course, the business world is full of these chunks, can you give some examples? David: Yes, business as you say - is full of collocations, thats words that go together; stock expressions, idioms, I mean the list goes onTo give you an example, I suppose, just with the word business - you can be in business, you can go away on business, you can travel business class, you can go around the business world - there are hundred of these examples. Carmela Now each week David and I will look at a different work scenario and explore the kinds of English expressions commonly used within that situation. It may be useful to have a pen and some paper ready to write down what you hear. In this first programme in the series, were starting at the beginning - and helping you to get the job youve always wanted because today were looking at interview language. Job Interviews are difficult anyway, even more so in a second language. But dont worry, todays programme is a useful guide to some of the most common English expressions that youll need in an interview. Lets get started - heres an example of an interview situation. Mary: John, hi. Sit down, make yourself comfortable. Tell me, you're already an office manager in a medium-sized finance company, why do you want to come and work here? John: Well, I dont know how much you know but the company has been having some problems. Quite a few staff has been laid off actually Mary: right John: and although my job isn't immediately under threat, Im not sure what the future will hold and, in any case, I felt that it was time to start moving up the career ladder. And I feel I want a little bit more responsibility. And that combined with the state of the company, convinced me that its time to move on, really. Carmela: Now the interviewer there, asked a classic question that people often ask in interviews - they come straight out and say: why do you want this job. And what was Johns response? David: Well, John was actually a bit negative at the start, he said that he was a little bit worried about his position in the company at the moment. He said quite a few people have been laid off. Thats another way of saying quite a lot of people have been made redundant, theyve been asked to leave the company, because the company is experiencing some kind of difficulties and so theyre reducing the number of staff. So, he says that he doesnt know what the future will hold, he doesnt know whats going to happen in the future. Carmela: So, he begins the interview then a little bit negatively, but then he changes and starts to emphasize the positive.
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David Yes. He says that he wants to move up the career ladder. We often talk about careers as being a kind of ladder - because its something that you try to climb up. So, he begins to be a bit more positive and, he than goes on to say its time to move on, its time for him to make a change and take the next step on the ladder of his career. Carmela: Well, its time for us to move on too. This time were going to hear language in another interview its Christopher Beale, hes a Recruitment consultant and he is interviewing someone for the job of salesman for a pharmaceutical company. Now, that expression move up the ladder, is something that youll hear again, so, listen out! CLIP Christopher Beale 030 -So let us suppose you had moved up the ladder in our pharmaceutical company, what would be your priorities in approaching your job. -The first would be to make sure that I had the support of the people working underneath me. The second would be to make sure my immediate boss also understood the role that i was trying to play within the company and third, would be to make sure that the customers were satisfied. Carmela Can you tell us a bit about the question form that we heard used by the interviewer there, David? David: The interviewer, I think said - if you had moved up the ladder what would be your priorities in approaching the job . So, what hes doing there, is hes not asking the interviewee about a real situation, he is asking about a hypothetical one. Carmela: So, this is an imaginary situation then ? David: Right, an imaginary situation and he clearly marks this with language that he uses, hes using there a structure which I think we call second conditional and youll often hear interviewers ask things like : what would you say .. if you faced this situation? how would you cope if you dealt this problem? - those kind of things Carmela: .. and why are hypothetical or what would you do questions so common in interviews? David: Well, I think it gives the interviewer an opportunity to ask not about the interviewees past, but it gives them a chance to understand how the interviewee might behave in the future if he or she should get the job. And, I think, the important thing from the interviewees point of view - is to remember this is a hypothetical situation, so choose the correct language, in other words you should answer the question with I would, if I faced that situation I would behave in this way, if I had to deal with that problem, I would do this
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Carmela Youre listening to Business Language to Go from the BBC World Service. Something thats very common in interviews is asking people about their good points and bad points. Could you elaborate, David. David Well, its a pretty typical interview question. You know, what are your strengths and weaknesses, what are your good points and bad points . And, for the interviewee obviously the thing is to make sure that youve got lots of strong points, good points and not so many bad ones. You know, you shouldnt be too hard on yourself. And when you do mention a bad point, its often a good idea to show that youre not only aware of it - but youre also trying to improve. So, you could say oh, my bad point is Im not very good at Arabic, for example, but - I am taking lessons every week . Carmela Youll now hear our two interviewees talking about their own strengths. Listen out for the language that they use. Mary: John, any other strengths that you feel you bring to the job. What are your strengths and weaknesses in the workplace? John: What I'd bring to the job are very, very good organisational skills. I'm strongly motivated, Im highly committed, very a much a self-starter. I feel that my people skills are fairly well developed and I feel there's scope to carry out that side of my duties even better. And I firmly believe that the combination of my people skills and my organisational ability is the right combination of skills to do this job really well. Christopher: If you were assessing yourself on your own strengths and weaknesses how would you summarise them? Interviewee: Well I would look at it that Im self motivated. I can also work with a group of people. I know that I can motivate them in a manner that is good for the company. Carmela Lets look at some of the language that was used there to talk about personal strengths, David? David Both the interviewees emphasized that they were motivated. I think we heard expressions like, strongly motivated, self motivated . The first interviewee said he was a self-starter. We heard the phrase, highly committed
Carmela .and all these expressions, do they all mean the same thing? David they all mean roughly the same thing. These are all phrases that emphasize the fact that you are keen to do well, that you want o work hard, that youre ambitious, you want to succeed.
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Carmela We also heard some very concrete examples of things, skills basically.. Tell us about the language that was used to talk about skills David: The first interviewee talked about the combination of skills that he can offer in this new job. I think he talked about his people skills, in other words how well he deals with people, communicates, manages and, he also mentions his organisational ability. In other words he was trying to explain that he was efficient, well organized, good with systems. I think another key-term thats often heard in interviews as well, is teamplayer. Carmela: meaning? David: Well, team player is somebody who works well with other people.. Carmela The key to successful interviews is being positive about yourself. Finally, lets hear a typical end to an interview. Mary: Right well that's pretty much all I want to ask at the moment. Do you have any questions for me? John: I'd just like to know what the time scale is? When do you expect to be able to let us know? David Did you notice the expression pretty much? The interviewer there said, I think right, well, thats pretty much all I what to ask at the moment and this phrase pretty much is a typical phrase in English - its what we would call a vague marker. Carmela: Vague meaning ? David: Well.. meaning.. not precise. Its an indication here, that the speaker is thinking about something, in this case, changing the subject, bringing the interview to an end. . And we heard the interviewee reply.. Id just like to know what the time scale is - Again that word just which the interviewee is using to make everything a little bit softer, a little bit gentler, so that he doesnt come across as being too aggressive Carmela OK, thanks David. And ,just to say that David Evans will be joining me next
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BBC Learning English Talk about English Business Language To Go Part 2 Induction
This programme was first broadcast in 2001. This is not a word for word transcript of the programme
Carmela: Forget about struggling with dictionaries and grammar books. Well bring you the kind of everyday English that people use all the time in business but that you wont learn from your text book. Its probably a good idea for you to get a pen and some paper so that you can note down the expressions from todays programme. Today well hear how to introduce new people to the work place. As usual Im joined by Business English expert, David Evans. David, Ive worked at places where I wasnt really shown around properly and it does make a difference to first impressions of a company doesnt it? David: Yes, it creates a very bad first impression and also its a real waste of time for the new comer to spend so long exploring the new company for themselves. Carmela: And as we just heard, its not a good idea to overload the newcomer with too much information and introductions. David: No, people find a lot of information hard to remember. Tell them two or three important things and leave it there. Carmela: Lets hear an example of somebody being shown round on their first day at work. Were going to Deep End - a web design company which is based in London. Dionne is showing new staff member Helena around.
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C LIP Dionne & Helena Dionne: -Hi, Helena! Nice to see you. Did you get here alright? Helena: -Yes Yes. Its been great! . Dionne: -Good OK. Ill give you a quick whizz round and then well settle you in. So upstairs is the meetings space which you can book by ringing Lorna, shes got a diary, so you know whos in there. Helena: how many people can we book in the room Dionne: .. I think we can probably sit about twenty people - and thats quite big So if you need to use that, give Lorna a call. This is reception - Kate and Sanj who both answer the phones and behind them is where we keep all the stationery. Helena: all right Dionne: ..So if you need anything - just grab it from there. This is where youll be sitting, its opposite me, this is your desk. The laptop is all set up for you to use and Ill show you through the email package and everything a bit later. Carmela: Now, before actually pointing out where things are, Dionne made the new staff member feel at home, feel comfortable. The phrase that was used for that David David: yes, she just said Did you get here alright?. In other words she asked about her journey to the office that day. Its a very standard way of breaking the ice. She than says Ill give you a quick whizz round. Thats quite a colloquial expression which really just means Ill show you round Now, she uses this kind of informal phrase, I think, because she simply wants to put Hellena at her ease, to make her relax and feel welcome. Carmela: And then there was the offers of help. The phrase if you need something could you tell us how thats used and if you can use it in any situation? David: Yes, you can use this kind of expression in any situation. Its what we would call a zero conditional - in other words is an if sentence with the present simple verb in the first half and the present simple verb in the second half. Carmela: and can you give us an example, David? David: I think the example we heard there was If you need to use it, give me a call - or if you need anything, take it from there. You might often hear this phrase used with just as wellif you need any help, just call me and that makes it a little bit more welcoming for the other person, feel free to call me, dont worry about calling me
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Carmela: The final part was actually pointing out where things are physically, where things are located, could you tell us about the language that was used there? David: Dionne just used very simple language there. Really, this is.. This is reception This is where youll be sitting. Carmela: So, being simple and clear is very important when welcoming a new staff member, and of course, showing office equipment to them is very important too. Heres another example of someone being shown around on their first day. CLIP Claire and Regina Actually, while were here, Ill just take you to the photocopying and fax machine. Now the fax machine - you need 9 for an outside line. Oh right. And its really straightforward - you just put the sheet of paper face down and it goes through like that. So thats the fax machine. The printer is over here on our right and the photocopier is just next to that. Let me show you how the photocopier works . OK, so what you do, you lift the lid, and place the piece of paper face down and Ill give you the code to make it work a bit later on. END OF CLIP Carmela: An essential piece of office equipment being shown there, the photocopier. David, can you talk us through some of the language used. David: I think there, Clare was trying to make it as easy as possible for Regina to understand what was happening. She emphasized this with the phrase - Its really straightforward, in other words its really easy . She also used the phrase let me show you which is the standard phrase to use in this situation, I think she said let me show how the photocopier works. But you can use it for a lot of things :let me show you where the canteen is/let me show you how the phone system works and so on. Carmela: Youre listening to Business Language to Go from the BBC World Service. As well as being shown around of the office, and how the equipment works, first days also involve a lot of introductions to new people. Lets go back to the web design company to see how Dionne introduces her colleagues to Helena. CLIP Dionne & Helena Dionne: -Well youve seen everything now so what Ill do now is Ill introduce you to a couple of people who you havent met yet, wholl you be working a little more closely with Helena: - good Dionne: -Okay let me introduce you to Gary whos just joined our department as well this is Helena wholl be working with me Gary: - Hi Helena, howre you doing? .. Helena: - .Good!
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Dionne: -This is her first day so Im giving her a little tour around and showing her where things are etc etc. . so if you need anything just ask Gary , as well. You can sort her out with some keys hopefully. Gary: -Keys or anything you need for the studio, we have fire drills now and then and Ill just show you through the basics Helena: -Oh, sure, great yah Dionne: -..Theres Nick, one of the directors who spends most of his time sitting in there tends coming in and out of meetings quite a lot. So youll be dealing a lot with him as well The other essential person you need to meet is Rosie who manages the caf. So let me introduce you to Helena whos just joined to work with me. Rosie: - Hi nice to meet you ..? Helena: nice to meet you.
END OF CLIP Carmela: Now, its really useful to have a couple of ways of introducing people, because it makes you sound more fluent. And it reduces the monotony too, - it makes the tour a much more interesting experience - for both of you. David, what are the different ways of introducing people : let me introduce you to .. David: Well, we heard a few of them there. We heard Dionne use the phrase let me introduce you to . She said let me introduce you to Gary. Thats a pretty standard way of doing it. We also heard her say- theres Nick - and I think she was using that expression because Nick was some distance away from them. If Nick had been standing much closer, she would probably had said this is Nick - or indeed she could have just said - Meet Nick. Carmela: OK those are the ways of introducing people - what about the other bits of language she used ? David: Well, I think -one thing that Dionne is very good at is signalling whats coming next, which makes it much easier for Helena to understand whats happening. The phrase that I remember hr using there is: what Ill do now is - what Ill do now is, introduce you to Gary for example. So thats a common expression used when giving a tour of the company. Of course we also heard the phrase that we heard earlier: - if you need anything, just ask. Carmela: And if you want to bring a tour to an end this is a typical way of doing it. CLIP Claire & Regina Clare: I think thats about it really I think Ive wrapped everything up for you . Have you got any questions that you want to ask me? Any worries or anything? Regina: Um no, I dont think so at the moment. Ill take in and see how I get on Clare: OK. If youve got any worries or queries or questions dont hesitate to ask,
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OK? Im only sitting right by you. Regina: OK thanks very much. END OF CLIP Carmela: David, can you summarise the language that was used there? David: First of all, Clare signalled that it was the end of the tour, using the phrase I think thats about it, really. She than just checked to make sure that Regina had understood everything shed said using the phrase: Have you got any questions for me? And than finally reassured her that she wasnt really expected to remember everything shed been told by saying to her: Dont hesitate to ask.
Business Language To Go Part 3 Meetings
This programme was first broadcast in 2001 This is not an accurate transcript of the programme
Carmela: Forget about dictionaries and grammar books. You dont have the time for that! You want short cuts to quick, fluent and natural-sounding English. This week were looking at the language of meetings. Now, we have a lot of meetings with colleagues, with clients, in fact you might think we have too many meetings. But dont worry, today well provide you with some language for running a meeting and also some expressions that you can use when youre taking part in one. You might want to have a pen and paper ready to write down the expressions that you hear. Now, as usual Im joined in the studio by business English expert David Evans. David, meetings can be difficult, especially in a foreign language, whats your advice? David: I think It depends on the type of meeting really. Sometimes its okay to just sit and listen to the boss giving you an update on various things. I think there are other times, when the person is having the meeting so that they can get some input and feedback from the other team members. But whatever type of meeting it is, its obviously always useful to have some key phrases at the ready - that way, you dont talk for too long, you dont struggle t o find the word and obviously you can put your point across clearly, without offending anybody.
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Carmela: And lets have a listen now for some of those key phrases. Were starting with a meeting at the employment agency Office Angels. Sarah is having a meeting with her colleague Alex. CLIP Office Angels Sarah: Right then Alex, lets get down to business. On the agenda today for our public relations meeting are the research project, the launch of the website, the timeline for press releases, and the executor of the year award. Are you quite happy with those points? Alex: Yeah thats fine .. if you could go through them in order thatd be great. END OF CLIP Carmela: Now, have a listen to the beginning of another meeting. Youll notice that the language is quite similar.
CLIP Meeting Ok everybody thanks for coming. Lets keep this meeting fairly brief really just a couple of things on the agenda. First of all as you can see the news on the book re-launch and secondly the office move and finally we will have a little bit of time for any other business. Carmela: That expression - thanks for coming - thats a really nice, friendly start to the meeting. David: Yes, I think both of them started very well, actually. We heard the expression lets get down to business, which is a very clear way for the chairperson to say OK, stop chatting and start working . In the second meeting we heard the phrase lets keep the meeting fairly brief - in other words lets make sure this a nice, efficient, short, meeting. Carmela: That would be a relief to everyone there I imagine. David: I think it probably would be. And both people in the meeting use the phrase On the agenda - as well, so clearly focussing everyones attention on the list of points which are up for discussion. Carmela: Okay, so weve dealt with the start of a meeting. What about when the meetings underway and you dont understand or you want to check something, so you have to interrupt. Lets go back to our two meetin gs and find out what expressions they use. CLIP Meeting - interruption First of all the book re-launch I just wanted to remind everybody that we will be re-launching the fairy tales range with new modern covers and that this is going to happen at the beginning of next month. It is important that we get this right and there has been quite a few
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John: sh Sean can I just ask you, Sorry to hold the meeting up, Can I ask you about those dates because I thought that this was going to be published the month after next and I understand that everybody has got their dates but I do feel quite strongly that were bringing this out too soon.
Sean: Well, any other thoughts before I comment on that? Carrie: I dont think we have got any choice at all about it, if the radio programmes are going out at the beginning of next month weve got to launch the book at the same time if were going to have any sales impact. CLIP Office Angels - interruption F1: the next matter under discussion is the press release time line I think the next press release to go out is the sound of silence in meetings. Can you give me an update on that?
F2: Yeah we sent that out the end of last week, and selling it in today, its embargoed until tomorrow, weve had a couple of enquiries from the radio F1: sorry to interrupt but did you say it had gone out today? F2: Yes. F1: right F2: and ..weve had a couple of inquiries as I said . So hopefully thatll take off tomorrow. Carmela: David, weve just had some different ways of interrupting there. Can you pick out the expressions? David: Yes, I think in the first meeting, the person used the phrase Actually, could I just ask you . Sorry to hold the meeting up. And then, in the second meeting, we heard the expression Sorry to interrupt but Now, its worth noting here that both people apologise when they interrupted and that of course is the proper thing to do. Its not polite to interrupt without apologizing . So, you always need to say sorry to interrupt, sorry to hold the meeting up. Its also interesting that the chairperson in the first meeting after the interruption said any other thoughts ? Now, I think he does this because - if someone has interrupted, it could be a signal that theres some confusion or perhaps theres some disagreement - in the rest of the meeting. And so, its a good idea in those cases to say any other thoughts or how does everyone else feel? - just so that these issues can be discussed.
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Carmela: And while were on the subject of disagreement, lets look at how you could express your feelings, whether they are positive ones or negative ones, actually in the meeting. Listen out for the language used in this next example. CLIP Meeting Sean: The office move as you know, the plans have been up by the main exit for a week now.I just wanted to see what kind of feed back you have got. Tim: Yeah Sean Im sorry but I really strongly disagree with the new floor plan. I think it is divisive to separate the secretaries and the assistants out from the editors and Managers, Id bemuch happier if we could be located in teams. Carrie: I think actually Sean is right, I have been chatting to some of the secretaries and theyre quite keen to all be sitting in the same area and speaking as an editor I think Id like to be with other editors so that we can bounce ideas off each other and things so, I think Seans floor plan is right. END OF CLIP
Carmela: Fairly typical meeting there with people agreeing and disagreeing. David, can you pick up some of the phrases that they used? David: First of all we had a disagreement - and it was quite a forceful disagreement actually. The person used the expression - I really strongly disagree -. If you wanted to make it a little softer, a little more polite if you lie, you could say something like - Im sorry but I dont agree - thats a little less confrontational. Next, we had another person agreeing - I think she said: No I think Sean is right Now if you were being asked whether you agreed or disagreed with a decision or something like that, you could also just simply say - I quite agree. Thats a nice short way of expressing it. Carmela: And there were one or two extra bits of language that we heard there .There was one individual who used a phrase speaking as an editor Now, why did she use that phrase David: I think because she wanted to make it clear that her opinion from her perspective , doing the job of an editor. Now, you can use this to indicate any kind of perspective, you can say speaking as a newcomer speaking as someone in the online team - speaking as someone with many years experience , any of these kind of expressions are very valid. Carmela: Speaking as a co-presenter - were actually moving on to our final extract. This time the language used is to actually to bring the meeting to a close. Listen out for it - its really important how to end that meeting
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CLIP Meeting Sean: OK. Any other business? Will: Yes, I would like to say something, an illustrator came in last week and, I think she is very good and, it would be wise to put her on our books. Sean: uh Will: I would like to be able to show her drawings and portfolios in the next couple of days. If thats all right. All: that sounds good Sean: yes , of course..We will look forward to seeing those. Right I think that s probably about it but anybody got anything else that they desperately want to raise before we wrap up? All: Nope. Sean OK. We will be having another meeting but there are a couple of conflicts in the diary so I think the best thing is if I email the date of the next meeting. Carmela: .. that classic phrase - any other business - thats always used in the final stages of a meeting. Now actually on the Agenda youd see that written down as just AOB. David: Yes, thats right and really AOB is simply an opportunity for people in the meeting to raise any issues or any points which they feel havent been covered in the meeting so far. After that we heard the chairperson then say right, I think thats probably about it, its time to wrap up and those are the kinds of expressions that are used very often to signal this is the end of the meeting Carmela: Weve had a lot of language today. First of all David, could you recap some of those key phrases that are used when chairing a meeting David: We had a very good phrase to begin a meeting which was thanks for coming Then a phrase to signal the start of the meeting: right lets get started. We also heard about the list of points which the meeting will cover - and we heard that things were on the agenda". We had a phrase to invite people to put forward their opinions - How does everyone else feel? And at the end of the meeting to ask people if there are any other issues that they would like to discuss before the meeting ends - we had that phrase : any other business? Carmela: And how about the phrases we heard for actually taking part in a meeting David: There was that phrase, when you want to interrupt - Sorry can I just interrupt. If you agree - you could say something like - I quite agree and if you dont agree Im afraid I dont agree
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Carmela: Thanks David. And just to say that David Evans will be joining me next time for more Business Language To Go.
Business Language To Go Part 4 - Presentations
This programme was first broadcast in 2001 This is not an accurate word-for-word transcript of the programme
Carmela: Were looking at the language of presentations. As usual Im joined by business English expert David Evans. David, presentations . They can be scary, even if youre just doing them in front of colleagues. Can you reassure our listeners that they dont have to be a huge ordeal. David: Yes, I mean of course its true that presentations can be challenging but the important thing is just to prepare properly. Make sure you know who your audience is, what they expect from you - and of course most importantly, what the aim of your presentation is. Carmela: And if you like to prepare properly for todays programme - than grab a pen and paper now - so that you can write down todays phrases. Okay, lets move on to our first example of a presentation. We start at Kelly Services, which is an international recruitment company.
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Claire Francis, Head of Communications is doing a presentation for her colleagues. CLIP Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along here today. I hope my presentation isnt going to take too long and that you will find it interesting. The purpose of todays presentation is to discuss how we can improve internal communications within our company. Now let me begin by explaining that Id like to talk about the business case for better communication, secondly I want to cover different styles and methods and finally I would like to finish off by talking about some of the basics we need to have in place to deliver good quality, consistent communications across the company. Id be very happy to invite you to ask questions at the end of the session and Im sure therell be plenty of time for us to discuss some of the points that have been raised. END OF CLIP
Carmela: Now have a listen to the beginning of another presentation. Youll notice that it follows a similar pattern to the last example. Listen out for how Tim starts his talk. CLIP Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, Thank you for finding the time to come and join me for this presentation this afternoon. My name is Tim Mason, Im a retail consultant and many of you will have seen me shadowing you in your jobs and looking through the accounts and so on in the company over the last week. Ive invited you here today to have a look at my findings. First, Id like to have a look at the performance of the company, the sales of the company over the last three years. Then Id like to have a look at our market share in the womens wear market and look at our competitors and, thirdly Id like to suggest some improvements in our range of womens wear. At the end Id be happy to answer any of your questions. Carmela: David, what were some of the key expressions that we heard in those two presentations. David: Well, I think it was very interesting that both of those presentations followed the standard pattern for an introduction. We heard in both cases the standard welcome ladies and gentlemen, thanks for coming. Than they moved on and they stated the purpose or the aim of the presentation - again with a very simple phrase The purpose of this presentation - is to talk to you about this subject. Then they move on to a summary of the main points of the presentation. Now, normally the summary would focus on three main points and youd hear expressions like - Id like to talk about I want to have a look at Id like to finish by saying - those kinds of phrases
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Carmela: And then both speakers invite questions from the audience - could you pick out the phrases that they use to do that. David: They use a phrase like at the end, you can ask questions. And the reason they do this is because they dont want the audience interrupting them continually with questions during the presentation - but they want to show that they are open to questions and that they welcome discussion as part of the session . Carmela: Now lets talk about the body of the presentation. This is the main part of the Talk about English BBC Learning English Page 4 of 6 bbclearningenglish.com presentation and people often use visual aids to illustrate their points here. Listen out now for the language used to introduce visual aids.
CLIP If you have a look at this first graph you can see that our sales topped 50 million the year before last. Then last year sales dropped to 40 million with a slight recovery at the end of the financial year. However this year sales have continued to drop to an all time low of 30 million. (Paper) Now lets look at our market share. As you can see we have 25% of the market share, 10% down on last year. CLIP A good example of how important internal communications are, is shown by some findings from research that we have recently undertaken. Good communications is a very key factor in staff motivation. If you look at this slide, you will see how important it is to get the basics in place. You need to identify your communication requirement, agree your objectives and success criteria, identify your target audiences, define the content of your message. and determine the style of delivery. A good illustration of the communication process is when all those basics fall into place naturally. Carmela: Lots of language there for drawing attention to graphs, statistics and other additional information. David, could you pick out some of the key expressions that were used there? David: Yes, I mean, again its interesting that both presenters make it very, very clear to their audience what exactly they are looking at. If you look at this first graph, we heard, If you look at this slide, we also heard, and obviously they are introducing this kind of information to provide examples. And we could hear them signposting these with expressions like A good example of this is or A good illustration of this is And again we heard some signposting language to make it clear when the
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speaker was moving from one point to the next. Now lets look at -was the expression that we heard to do that. Carmela: Now lets look at how a presentation might typically end. Were going back to Tim. CLIP Tim: Ladies and gentlemen if you have any questions I would be happy to answer them now. Carrie: yeah, can I just ask .um . graph number 3 that last one you showed us can you explain to me where youre intending to find the extra income to increase the design arrangement in the maternity ware?
Tim: Yes, a very good question Ive looked at the office ware range and it is quite heavy on material, holiday ware tends to be much lighter much smaller amounts of material involved and I think that s an area FADE OUT where will certainly find a large saving. Carmela: Now, having told them at the beginning that theyd be able to a sk questions, Tim then points out that this is a time that they can do just that. He invites some questions from his audience. How, how did he signal that its question time? David: Yes, he said: Ladies and gentlemen, if you have any questions Id be happ y to answer them now. Thats quite a long way of saying - I mean a more simple way - would have been to say Does anyone have any questions Its also interesting that he handles the questions very well, making the person feel valued, feel wanted. A way of doing this is simply to say thats a good question. Carmela: Thanks David. David Evans will be joining me next time for more Business Language To Go.
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Business Language To Go Part 5 Appraisals
This programme was first broadcast in 2001 This is not an accurate word-for-word transcript of the programme
Carmela: This week were looking at appraisals thats a meeting where a manager reviews your recent performance. As usual Im joined in the studio by David Evans, our business English expert. David, the purpose of appraisals... Now theyre becoming more and more common in companies, arent they? David: Yes, they are and in fact they are not always called appraisals. Some companies will call them performance reviews, others will call them annual interviews but whatever you call them I think that companies use them because they are a good way to monitor an employees progress, to motivate people, and I think that they also give an opportunity for managers and the people they manage to discuss the problems, the challenges that they face and also to reflect on some of their achievements.
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Carmela: Okay, lets hear the beginning of two staff appraisals. Talk about English BBC Learning English CLIP Sean: Elizabeth, thanks for, for coming in. Annual appraisal, of course well have a chance to talk a little bit later and to look at objectives specifically for the, for the next year but I want to spend this time really looking back over the past year. How do you feel its been? Elizabeth: Its been up and down, yeah. Its beenon the whole its been quite a good year, but up and down END OF CLIP CLIP Manager: As you know this is your annual appraisal that were going to go through today, to have a look back at the year to see how things have gone for you. But first of all hows your year been generally? Ruth: Its been okay actually. The restructuring hasnt been easy. Staff morale ha s been a little bit low at certain points because of the uncertainty. But I think personally Ive had quite a good year, in terms of my own development and my own job satisfaction. END OF CLIP Carmela: Those two appraisals started off in a very similar way. David, what was the key question that was asked in both of them? David: Well, I think a lot of people running appraisals - like to begin with a very open, very general question. So, if its an annual appraisal, a question like Hows your year been? is a great way just to get the conversation going. The person being appraised would then say something like - its been a good year or its been a difficult year. And then the person doing the appraisal can take that as a cue to talk about - achievements, talk about problems, talk about challenges. Talk about English BBC Learning English Page 3 of 7 bbclearningenglish.com Carmela: So, after a general start, appraisals become much more specific, focussing in on particular incidents at work. Have a listen to this. CLIP
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Sean: Ok , lets start with a couple of the downs, if you like, the less satisfactory areas for you. Carrie: Yeah, I had a few problems with other team members, I am feeling a bit that I am not getting a lot of support and thats caused a few problems. Sean: Ok. I think, I think thats important that we look at what we can do to resolve that situation. And whether there is some specific systems or whether I need to reinforce a few points that have already been made. Carrie: I think thatd be good Sean: What about the highlights? Carrie: Obviously the big thing thats happened this year is the new finance system thats been introduced Sean: sure Carrie: and I just feel that you know I am coming to terms with it now and beginning to cope with it which is good Sean: Yeah, that is certainly something that I would have picked out I think that you have managed particularly well over the past few months, Id certainly like to congratulat e you... for Carrie: yeah.. Sean: the way you handled that. Carmela: So we heard talk there of the ups and downs of the past year for this particular employee. What specific questions did the manager ask? Talk about David: Well, he began by asking about the downs and I think his question was what were the less satisfactory areas for you - I mean perhaps a simpler way of saying that would be - just to say - what have been the low points. Then having talked about the low points the manager moved the appraisal along and asked about the more positive aspects of the persons year using the question, What have been the highlights. Carmela: And of course when you are talking about the highlights thats a good moment for the manager to actually say to their employee that they have done something well. David: Yes, its a great opportunity for some positive feedback .And I think we heard the manger there say Id like to congratulate you on the way that you handled that. So again emphasising the positive and making sure that the other person realises that their achievements have been appreciated.
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Carmela: Support from colleagues This is a very common issue. Have a listen to this: CLIP Michelle: And through this difficult period, how do you feel that youve been helped by your team. I mean do you think that youve had the support of your line manager and your junior colleagues. Ruth: Yes, I do feel Ive been supported by you. Its been a difficult year and I think youve noticed when staff have felt low and when theyve needed some words of encouragement and youve also kept us up to date with all the changes so I think the team in general are very grateful for that. And junior colleagues as well, theyve been very very helpful and everybodys worked really hard so in terms of support, the whole office has done very well this year. END OF CLIP Carmela: So, a classic question there and a chance for employees to be honest about there relationships with their colleagues. David, could you talk through some of the language there. David: Yes, I mean obviously working in a team is quite a sensitive thing to talk about so I suppose that managers would typically use a question like Do you feel supported by Do you feel supported by your line manager, now thats the person who directly manages you and the question really means -is this person helping you to do your job. They might also ask - Do you feel supported by your junior colleagues - these are people who report to you perhaps and again the person is asking are these people helping you achieve what you want to achieve in your work. Carmela: One of the main reasons for having an appraisal is to agree on things called objectives. Could you explain what these are. David: An objective very simply is what you hope to achieve over a stated period of time. So, for a sales person for example, an objective might be to sell a certain number of products, for a manager an objective might be to successfully re-organise the department. An objective is very simply a target or an aim that you have over a period of time Carmela: Lets go back to our appraisals now. And hear what phrases they are using to talk about objectives. CLIP Sean: Ok Lets move on to looking back at some of the objectives that we set this time last year and to what extent they have been achieved. Carrie: uh
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Sean: One of them of course relates to the finance system and achieved I think. Carrie: I think so, too. END OF CLIP Michelle: Okay, so weve gone through the list of competencies, now lets have a look at your list of objectives for the last year. Firstly you wanted to find out more about the marketing department by trailing them in their work. And you did that, didnt you? Ruth: Yes, I did, and it was very interesting actually, I mean we worked very, very closely with the marketing department and I just wanted find out more about what their needs were, and just discover how we could improve our relationship, because there have been difficulties in the past Michelle: Excellent! Well, we can say that objective has been achieved . END OF CLIP Carmela: There was a lot of language associated with objectives. Can you explain what was used. David: Yes, we heard about a list of objectives and I think it is important to note that most people would have more than one objective over the course of a year or half a year. We also heard a number of verbs that went with objectives. We heard about setting objectives and when a manager and the person they are working with agree an objective we can say they set it. Again at the end of the period in question the manger would probably look and see whether the objective had been achieved, in other words, whether the person had been successful or whether it hadnt been achieved. Carmela: And in that last example we heard another interesting term. This phrase list of competencies. Could you explain what this is. David: A list of competencies is simply a list of the skills and knowledge that a person needs to do there job effectively. So in the case of a manager we would expect the manager to have a competency in administration, in organisation, in communication and we can make a list of these competencies for all kinds of different jobs. Carmela: My thanks to David Evans. And thanks to you for listening! Hope you can join us again next week for more Business Language to Go.
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Chapter 4 PRESENTATION : OPENING
Introduction In this module, well be looking at some useful words and phrases for giving presentations. We have units on the main stages of presentations and a unit with tips on delivering effective presentations. Lets start with opening presentations. Think Imagine that you are starting a presentation. What phrases might you use? After you've thought of five, click here for some more ideas. Listen
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Now lets hear two ways of opening presentations. As you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Presentations: opening
Check understanding Check your understanding by reading the scripts below: Clip 1 Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along here today. I hope my presentation isnt going to take too long and that you will find it interesting. The purpose of todays presentation is to discuss how we can improve internal communications within our company. Now let me begin by explaining that Id like to talk about the business case for better communication; secondly, I want to cover different styles and methods; and finally I would like to finish off by talking about some of the basics we need to have in place to deliver good quality, consistent communications across the company. Id be very happy to invite you to ask questions at the end of the session and Im sure therell be plenty of time for us to discuss some of the points that have been raised. Clip 2 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for finding the time to come and join me for this presentation this afternoon. My name is Tim Mason, Im a retail consultant, and many of you will have seen me shadowing you in your jobs and looking through the accounts and so on in the company over the last week. Ive invited you here today to have a look at my findings. First, Id like to have a look at the performance of the company, the sales of the company over the last three years; then Id like to have a look at our market share in the womenswear market and look at our competitors; and thirdly, Id like to suggest some improvements in our range of womenswear. At the end Id be happy to answer any of your questions.
BODY
Introduction After you have greeted your guests, you will begin to go through the main body of your presentation. It's very useful to have some visual aids - some slides, pictures or graphs that help explain what you are saying. Sometimes they can also help to keep your audience interested in your presentation! Think
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Imagine you are giving a presentation and using some visual aids. What phrases might you use to draw your audiences attention to these slides? After you've thought of five, click here for some more ideas. Listen Now listen to two examples of people giving presentations. As you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Presentations: body
Check understanding Check your understanding by reading the scripts below: Clip 1 If you have a look at this first graph, you can see that our sales topped 50 million the year before last. Then last year sales dropped to 40 million, with a slight recovery at the end of the financial year. However, this year sales have continued to drop to an all time low of 30 million. Now lets look at our market share. As you can see, we have 25% of the market share, 10% down on last year. Clip 2 A good example of how important internal communications are is shown by some findings from research that we have recently undertaken. Good communications is a very key factor in staff motivation. If you look at this slide, you will see how important it is to get the basics in place. You need to identify your communication requirement, agree your objectives and success criteria, identify your target audiences, define the content of your message and determine the style of delivery. A good illustration of the communication process is when all those basics fall into place naturally.
INTERUPTION
Introduction In business meetings it is sometimes necessary to interrupt a speaker. This is possible but it should be done politely. We'll be looking at some ways you can do this. Think
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Imagine that you are in a meeting, and you want to interrupt to ask a question or make a comment. How might you do it? After you've thought of five, click here for some more ideas. You'll also see some additional useful phrases for meetings. Listen Now listen to an audio clip from a meeting in a publishing company. Sean is talking about a book re-launch when John feels that he needs to ask something. As you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Meetings: interruptions
Check understanding Check your understanding by reading the script below: Sean: First of all, the book re-launch. I just wanted to remind everybody that we will be relaunching the fairy-tales range with new modern covers, and that this is going to happen at the beginning of next month. It's important that we get this right and there have been quite a few John: Actually Sean, can I just ask you sorry to hold the meeting up can I ask you about those dates, because I thought that this was going to be published the month after next, and I understand that everybody has got their dates, but I do feel quite strongly that were bringing this out too soon. Well, any other thoughts before I comment on that? Sean: Carrie: I dont think weve got any choice at all about it. If the radio programmes are going out at the beginning of next month, weve got to launch the book at the same time if were going to have any sales impact.
QUESTIONS
Introduction At the end of your presentation, you may wish to open the floor to questions to ask if anyone has any questions about your presentation.
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Think Imagine it is the end of your presentation and you are asking if there are any questions. What phrases might you use or hear? After you've thought of a few, click here for some more ideas. Listen Now listen to someone asking if there are any questions. As you listen, try to hear some of the phrases above. Presentations: questions
Check understanding Check your understanding by reading the script below: Tim: Ladies and gentlemen, if you have any questions, I'd be happy to answer them now .
Carrie: Yeah, can I just ask, graph number 3, that last one you showed us, can you explain to me where youre intending to find the extra income to increase the designer range in the maternity wear? Tim: Yes, a very good question. Ive looked at the office wear range and its quite heavy on material, holiday wear tends to be much lighter, much smaller amounts of material involved and I ... Download scripts and phrases
Download audio
TIPS
Introduction So what makes a good presentation? In this unit, we hear some tips from people who have made presentations about how to make yours more effective and enjoyable for your audience. Think Think about the presentations that you have been to. What were the characteristics of the good ones? After you've thought of a few, click here for some more ideas.
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Listen As you listen, see if you can hear some of the tips above. Presentations: tips Check understanding Check your understanding by reading the script below: Male: With a presentation, I think the aims and the structure need to be clear. Male 2: I like to wait until the end of the presentation before people feed back on what Ive just said, rather than interruptions throughout the presentation. Male 3 I think of a presentation If youre standing up in front of a group of people, you need to make sure youre entertaining, make sure youre engaging, make sure youre interesting, make sure youre relevant, make sure youre talking to the right audience. Female: Dont make it too long, otherwise people fall asleep! Be short, precise and to the point, definitely.
READING
CHAPTER I
WHAT CAN COMPUTER DO?
Computer and Microchips have become part of our everyday lives; we visit shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we read magazine which have been produced on computers, we pay bills prepared by computers. Just picking up the telephone and dialing a number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system as does making a flight reservation or bank transaction.
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We encounter daily many computers that spring to life the instant theyre switched on (e.g. calculators, the cars electron ignition, the timer in the microwave, or the programmer inside in the TV set), all of which use chip technology. What makes your computer such a miraculous device? Each you turn it on, it is a tabula rasa that, with appropriate hardware and software, is capable of doing you ask. It is a calculator machine that speed up financial calculations. It is an electronic filing cabinet which manages large collection of data such as customers list, accounts or inventories. It is a magical typewriter that allows you type and print any kind of documents letters, memo or legal documents. It is a personal communicator that enable you to interact with others computers and with people around the world. If you like gadgets and electronic entertainment, you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
CHAPTER 2 THE MAJOR PURPOSES OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Accounting is a major means of helping managers to administer each of activity or functional areas for which they are responsible and to coordinate those activities for functions within the framework of the organization as a whole. Accounting provides information for three major purposes. Routine internal reporting for the decision of managers. Such information is provided for decisions that occur with some regularity. For example, an oil company such as Texaco makes daily planning decisions on the price they charge retail outlets (such as service stations) for refined oil. Daily reports on the gross margin Texaco earns for refined oil is one input into these pricing decisions. As the second example, Marriot monitors weekly report (covering items such as labor and energy) at each of its hotel as parts of its cost control practices. Nonroutine internal reporting for the decisions managers. This information effects decisions that occur irregularly or without precedent. For example, planning decision by Xerox to have an independent company manage its information technology function (that is, outsourcing this function) include analysis of cost data that were specifically collected for that decision.
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Xerox had no previously made decision of this type. As a second example, consumers product company (such as H.J. Heinz Company) may design a special cost tracking system to manage the cost of implementing a recent product recall due to an unprecedented safely. External reporting to investors, government authorities and others outside parties on the organizations financial position, operations and related activities. This information is used by some regulatory bodies such as Financial Accounting Standard Board or Internal Revenue Service. In other cases, the information is used by managers in other organization in their decision making. For example, a company may provide its financial selling on credit instead of cash. A second example would be the financial statement that a movie company, such as twentieth-Century Fox, provides to screen stars whose compensation includes a percentage of movie revenue profit. Each major purpose of accounting often requires a different way of presenting or reporting the information in an accounting system. An ideal database (sometimes called a data warehouse or inforbarn) consists of small detailed bits of information that can be used for multiple purposes. Accountants combine or adjust (slice or dice) these data to answer the questions from particular internal or external users.
CHAPTER 3 THE TOTAL COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT
The development and use of computers is often to describe as a technological revolution in the way that the development of manufacturing processes was an industrial revolution. Both these revolutions have been the results of major advances and both have significantly changed the way that large numbers number of people work. Goldstine, in history of the early years in the development of computers, suggested some conditions that are necessary for progress. The development of radical new machines always comes about because some inspired person sees how to adapt new technology..and thus to make a major advance in the state of the arts. It is usually the convergence of two very different concepts. One is technology.the other is recognition of the importance and necessity for the advance (goldstone, 1972)
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Applying these concepts to the computing environment, we can say these conditions translate to convergence of the three major technological areas shown as in Fig.1.1 The identification of need, characterized by the applications for which the computer I used the User application The availability of a physical technology that will provide an effective vehicle for the applications the Computer hardware The development of a procedure for using the technology to implement the applications the Computer software
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The three lens-shaped areas formed y the overlap of each pair of circle in the figure represent the interfaces between the major technological areas and constitute technological areas in their own right. The language translator (e.g. for Pascal, C, Basic, fortran) provide away for the programmer to implement the application. They are the interface between the user and the system. The translator for the given language converts the programmers statement into information that can be understood by the computer. The computers instructions set represent the interface between the software formulation of the application and the computer hardware. The computer uses these instructions to define the sequence of operations it will execute for the given program. The data representations form the interface between the application and computer. The convey various information, such as the types and the ranges of numbers that will be used. The three sided are that is formed by the overlap of all three circles represent the operating system. The operating system coordinate program interaction, manages the computers various hardware and software resources, and does the input/output operation.
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Computers are so common and new advances are now being announced so often that we tend to forget it was not always so. The entire computer industry is less than half of century old, but it built on foundation of technology that required thousands of years to develop. Computer would have been impossible without a language to describe what we are doing, numbers system to support our computations and mathematics to describe our computational procedures. All these took many, many years to develop and each provides real examples of the premise that advances in technology often result from the merging of a variety of diverse concepts. Conversely, an advance can be inhibited by the lack of a suitable conceptual foundation or defined need.
WRITING
ESSAY
An essay is usually a short piece of writing which is quite often written from an author's personal point of view. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. The definition of an essay is vague, overlapping
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with those of an article and a short story. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g. Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population provide counterexamples. Essays have become a major part of a formal education. students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills, and admission essays are often used by universities in selecting applicants and, in the humanities and social sciences, as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams. The concept of an "essay" has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary film making styles and which focuses more on the evolution of a theme or an idea. A photographic essay is an attempt to cover a topic with a linked series of photographs; it may or may not have an accompanying text or captions. Definitions An essay has been defined in a variety of ways. One definition is a "prose composition with a focused subject of discussion" or a "long, systematic discourse". It is difficult to define the genre into which essays fall. Aldous Huxley, a leading essayist, gives guidance on the subject. He notes that "Like the novel, the essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything, usually on a certain topic. By tradition, almost by definition, the essay is a short piece, and it is therefore impossible to give all things full play within the limits of a single essay". He points out that "a collection of essays can cover almost as much ground, and cover it almost as thoroughly, as can a long novel"--he gives Montaigne's Third Book as an example. Huxley argues that "essays belong to a literary species whose extreme variability can be studied most effectively within a three-poled frame of reference". [2] The three poles are:
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Personal and the autobiographical essays: these use "fragments of reflective autobiography" to "look at the world through the keyhole of anecdote and description".
Objective and factual: in these essays, the authors "do not speak directly of themselves, but political theme". turn their attention outward to some literary or scientific or
Abstract-universal: these essays "make the best...of all the three worlds in which it is possible for the essay to exist".
Forms and styles This section describes the different forms and styles of essay writing. These forms and styles are used by a range of authors, including university students and professional essayists. A. Descriptive Descriptive writing is characterized by sensory details, which appeal to the physical senses, and details that appeal to a readers emotional, physical, or intellectual sensibilities. Determining the purpose, considering the audience, creating a dominant impression, using descriptive language, and organizing the description are the rhetorical choices to be considered when using a description. A description is usually arranged spatially but can also be chronological or emphatic. The focus of a description is the scene. Description uses tools such as denotative language, connotative language, figurative language, metaphor, and simile to arrive at a dominant impression.[8] One university essay guide states that "descriptive writing says what happened or what another author has discussed; it provides an account of the topic". B. Narrative A narrative uses tools such as flashbacks, flash-forwards, and transitions that often build to a climax. The focus of a narrative is the plot. When creating a narrative, authors must determine their purpose, consider their audience, establish their point of view, use dialogue, and organize the narrative. A narrative is usually arranged chronologically.[10]
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C. Exemplification An exemplification essay is characterized by a generalization and relevant, representative, and believable examples including anecdotes. Writers need to consider their subject, determine their purpose, consider their audience, decide on specific examples, and arrange all the parts together when writing an exemplification essay.[11]
Main parts of an Essay The introductory paragraph is a paragraph which consists of two main parts: a few general statements about the subject discussed and a thesis statement to state the specific subdivisions of the topic and the plan of the paper discussed. A thesis statement for an essay is just like a topic sentence for a paragraph. It deals with the specific topic and the controlling idea major or major subdivisions of the topic. You need to know that the introduction serves two main functions: to offer general statement, introducing the topic of the essay and giving the background information of the topic, and to give the statement which states the main topic, lists the subdivisions of the topic, and indicates the technique of the organization of the whole paper. The thesis statement is normally stated in the last or near the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. How many paragraphs does the body of an essay have? Usually a body of an essay contains more paragraph than any other parts, and the body paragraph do the main work of an essay. If a paragraph contains a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence, then an essay may consist of an introductory paragraph, body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph. In essence, the paragraph is an essay in miniature. The only difference is that an essay is longer and more complex that a paragraph is. The most commonly assigned form of the essay consist of five paragraphs: an introduction, three body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph. The introductory paragraph states two main points: a general statement about the subject and a thesis statement to indicate the subdivision of the topic and the plan of the paper. Thesis
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statement is the most important sentence of the essay like the topic sentence of the paragraph, the thesis statement expresses a controlling idea which the rest of the essay develops support. The three paragraphs which follow the introduction are the body of the essay. The final paragraph in the essay is the conclusion. In it, the writer ties together the thoughts presented in the essay and bring the work to a close.
Here is a short essay that contains the essence of essay.
One Vote for Cafeteria Lunches
At the beginning of the year, I would go off campus with my friends to eat lunch. We would rush downtown, grab a hamburger and coke, and rush back to campus and eat, because I had to study for a test. To my surprise, I enjoyed my lunch in cafeteria. Now my friends still go off campus to eat most of the time, but I stay and eat in the cafeteria. I actually prefer eating lunch in the cafeteria to go off campus for several reasons. First, I can get a food meal in the cafeteria. When I ate downtown at a sandwich shop, I always get greasy hamburger and French fries. At the cafeteria, I get better balanced lunches: salad, vegetables, chicken or fish, milk, and occasionally yogurt. Im not eating as much junk food or consuming as many calories, and thats good for me. I can get a more nutritious meal in the cafeteria. Second, I save a lot of time eating on campus. Instead of wasting twenty minutes going downtown and returning, I have twenty more minutes to study or relax before class. I even save more time because in the cafeteria, there is no waiting room for the food. So, I take my time eat solely, and still have twenty to thirty minutes before class. I dont ever feel rushed anyone.
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Third and finally, I have met new friends eating in the cafeteria. Since my old high school friends eat downtown. I started eating with different people I had met in class. Many of the people who eat in the cafeteria didnt graduate from the high school, so I have gotten to know people from all over the state. Now, I can get into the cafeteria at lunch time and sit down with two or three different groups of students and feel comfortable. I have gotten to know to know some really nice people that I couldnt have know otherwise. To sum up, although my friends love to eat their lunch off the campus, would rather have it in the cafeteria, because in it, I can get a good meal, save more time to study and enlarge my friendship. For me eating in the cafeteria will be much better than eating at off campus.
Assignment: everyone is expected to make a short essay. The theme of the essay is depending on your own idea.
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Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung

Part 1 - Interviews .......................................................................................................................... 48

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THE PARTS OF SPEECH

1. Noun 2. Verb 3. Adjective 4. Adverb 5. Pronoun 6. Conjunction 7. Preposition 8. Interjection

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THE BASIC STRUCTURES OF SPEAKING ENGLISH

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Membuat kalimat APAKAH 1. DO, DOES/DID + S + Verb + ?

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Old Tall New Strong

older than taller than newer than stronger than

the oldest the tallest the newest the strongest

7. Irregular forms of adverbs

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Badly Far Well Example:

worse than farther than better than

the worst the farthest the best

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-------ive ------able ------less ------ful

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

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Past Future she said that she

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Modul Bahasa Inggris I POLTEKKES Bandung CHAPTER 3

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CHAPTER 2 Conversation Starters

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A: Guess what? A: I just got a new job.

1. I just got a new job. 2. I lost my wallet yesterday.

Oh really? That's great! Oh really? That's too bad.

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You did? He is? You are?

CHAPTER 3 Situations: Introducing Others

Conversation Practice These types of introductions involve three people:

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don't we . . . (do something together)

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4. Will you type my term paper for me?

Sure. When do you need it?

? ? ? Or we could go out for ice cream. That would be fun.

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CHAPTER 4 Discussion Techniques

DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING

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CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES AND MEETING

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