TAMOL

SCALE INHIBITORS

TAMOL 850 TAMOL 960 TAMOL 731A

SCALE INHIBITORS In aqueous systems, such as boiler feed water and recirculated cooling water, dissolved salts and solid particles are present, which can form harmful scale deposits on equipment surfaces. Prevention of these deposits is essential for efcient equipment operation. Scale inhibition can be accomplished effectively with the use of synthetic polymers. Highly carboxyl-functional polymers such as TAMOL 850, TAMOL 960 and TAMOL 731A scale inhibitors can be used in various aqueous systems over a wide temperature range. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Inhibit scale deposits on equipment surfaces Promote efcient heat transfer Inhibit corrosion Decrease equipment damage Used over a wide range of temperatures MECHANISM FOR SCALE INHIBITION Polymeric scale inhibitors like TAMOL 850, TAMOL 960 and TAMOL 731A have several functions. The specic conditions in the aqueous system give predominance to one or more functions: Anti-precipitant action: Adsorption on the active sites of the crystal nuclei delays crystal growth and precipitation. Adsorption on positive sites of growing crystals forms crystals of distorted structure that are weak and less adherent to surfaces. Dispersant action by adsorption increases the negative charge on the sludge particles, reduces their tendency to agglomerate, and inhibits scale formation by keeping them suspended.

Rohm and Haas Company, 1999

TABLE I TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (these do not constitute specications)

Product 5000 Clear, pale yellow liquid Clear, pale yellow liquid Clear, pale yellow liquid 24-26 9.2 29-31 9.9 9.0-10.8 39-41 10.6 8-9

Type

Molecular Weight Mw1 Appearance % Total Solids pH

Density 25C lbs/gal

Brookeld Viscosity 25C, cps 300-800

Spindle/Speed #2 @ 30

TAMOL 960

Na Salt of PMAA

TAMOL 850

Na Salt of PMAA

30000

125-325

#2 @ 60

2 15000 15000 White to tan freeowing powder 91 min.

TAMOL 731A

Na Salt of a maleic anhydride copolymer

9.5-10.53

19-182

#2 @ 60

TAMOL 731 SD

Na Salt of a maleic anhydride copolymer

262

9.3-10.53

1Weight

average molecular weight determined by aqueous GPC.

2Average

bulk density of Tamol 731 SD is expressed in units of lbs/ft3.

3Measured

on a 10% aqueous solution.

THERMAL STABILITY High-temperature stability is an important requirement in most water treatment applications and is a fundamental requirement for polymers used in internal boiler-water treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis is often used to rank polymers in order of their thermal stability. This is done by comparing polymer weight loss vs. temperature. In Table II the decomposition temperature is the temperature at which the onset of signicant polymer weight loss occurs.

TABLE II THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TAMOL POLYMERS Polymer Decomposition Temperature (in air, C) 450 425 365

TAMOL 850 TAMOL 960 TAMOL 731A

As the data in Table II indicate, TAMOL 850 and TAMOL 960 are stable to temperatures above the critical point of water (375C): this suggests that these polymers have potential as sludge scale inhibitors even in high-pressure boiler-water treatment. DISPERSANT ACTIVITY The dispersant activity of carboxyl-functional polymers is an important element of their ability to inhibit scale formation. The effectiveness of a polymeric dispersant is dependent on the particle to be dispersed, the medium in which it is being dispersed, and the chemical structure of

the dispersant. A determination of Fluidity Point gives a general indication of the dispersant activity of a polymer. The Fluidity Point is determined by a titration method and is dened as the concentration of dispersant needed to achieve uidity in a mass of particles in an aqueous system. The Fluidity Point is the minimum amount of dispersant that must be used to deocculate the particles in the system. The data in Table III illustrate that TAMOL 850, TAMOL 960 and TAMOL 731A exhibit good dispersant activity, an important function for effective scale inhibition.

TABLE III FLUIDITY POINT % Polymer Solids Based on Dispersed Solids Compound Calcium Phosphate Calcium Carbonate Magnesium Oxide Iron Oxide TAMOL 850 0.05 0.04 1.01 0.13 TAMOL 960 0.07 0.04 0.90 0.13 TAMOL 731A 0.09 0.05 1.08 0.15

TAMOL 731A dispersant is exceptionally effective for stabilizing dilute iron oxide suspensions, as Table IV shows. In this study, a suspension containing 700 ppm of iron oxide (pH 7.5) was allowed to settle four hours. The turbidity of the uppermost layer was measured in a nephelome-

ter. The higher the turbidity value, the greater the stability of the suspension and the more effective the dispersant. The result suggests that TAMOL 731A dispersant should greatly reduce the tendency of iron oxide to form deposits from recirculated cooling and boiler feed waters.

TABLE IV TURBIDITY OF IRON OXIDE SUSPENSIONS Dispersant None TAMOL 731A (3 ppm) Polyacrylate (3 ppm) Phosphonate (3 ppm) Turbidity Units 77 860 100 60

VISCOSITY CHARACTERISTICS TAMOL 850, TAMOL 960, and TAMOL 731A have low viscosity at temperatures as low as 5C and should present no handling problems at temperatures above freezing, as indicated in Table V.

TABLE V VISCOSITY VS. TEMPERATURE Viscosity (cps), 12 rpm TAMOL 850 30% 470 250 TAMOL 960 40% 2,300 500 TAMOL 731A 25% 150 70

Temperature, C 5 25

SURFACE-ACTIVE AND FOAMING PROPERTIES TAMOL 850 and TAMOL 960 exhibit very little surface activity and are essentially non-foaming. TAMOL 731A is weakly surface-active and produces somewhat more foam than the other polymers; however, at low use levels, TAMOL 731A should present no foaming problem. Table VI illustrates the effect of these polymers on the sur-

face tension and the interfacial tension between water and a highly rened mineral oil. The properties of Triton X-1001, a commonly used surfactant, are included for comparison. Values were obtained by ASTM Method D 1331-56, using a du Nouy Tensiometer. Table VII gives the foam heights for several concentrations of the TAMOL polymers.

1Triton

is a registered trademark of Union Carbide Corp.

TABLE VI SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF TAMOL POLYMERS AT 25C Surface Tension (dynes/cm) 1.0% 71 63 36 30 72 0.1% 64 29 Interfacial Tension of Acroprime 90 vs. water (dynes/cm) 1.0% 51 42 15 1 52 0.1% 40 5

Product Active Ingredient, % TAMOL 850 TAMOL 960 TAMOL 731A Triton X-100 None

TABLE VII FOAM HEIGHT OF TAMOL POLYMERS (Hamilton Beach Test, 25C, cm) Polymer Active Ingredient 5 seconds 15 seconds 30 seconds TAMOL 850 0.1% 0.6 0.2 0.2 TAMOL 960 0.1% 0.2 0.2 0.1 TAMOL 731A 0.1% 4.4 4.0 3.3 0.01% 0.6 0.4 0.3

FDA CLEARANCE TAMOL 850, TAMOL 960, and TAMOL 731A conform with the FDA regulations indicated Regulation Title or Application Boiler-water additives Adhesives

below, provided that the nal formulation meets any extractives limitations and other conditions prescribed by the regulation: TAMOL 850 TAMOL 960 X X X X1 X X X

Number 21CFR173.310 21CFR175.105 21CFR175.300 21CFR176.170 21CFR176.180

TAMOL 731A

Resinous and polymeric coatings Components of paper, paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty food Components of paper, paperboard in contact with dry food

1TAMOL

850 may be used as a coating adjuvant for controlling viscosity when used at a level not to exceed 0.3% by weight of coating solids. TAMOL 960 may be used as a coating adjuvant for controlling viscosity when used at a level not to exceed 0.1% by weight of coating solids.

ISO 9002-CERTIFIED These products are manufctured in an ISO 9002certied facility. SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION CAUTION: CONTACT CAUSES IRRITATION OF THE EYES AND SKIN. Vapors may irritate the eyes and respiratory tract, especially in poorly ventilated areas. Avoid breathing the vapors. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN FIRST AID MEASURES In case of contact, ush the eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; call a physician. Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water. If clothing is drenched with the liquid products, remove and launder them before rewearing. If swallowed and victim is conscious, dilute by giving two glasses of water to drink and call a physician immediately. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If overcome by vapors, remove victim to fresh air. Administer oxygen or articial respiration if victim shows difculty in breathing.

TOXICITY Toxicity screening tests have shown that the acute oral toxicity (LD50) in rabbits is greater than 5 g/kg for all of these materials. The acute dermal toxicity (LD50) in rabbits is greater than 2 g/kg for TAMOL 850 and TAMOL 731A. The TAMOLbrand products contain a low level of formaldehyde preservative (except TAMOL 731A). TAMOL 850 and TAMOL 960 contain a low level (below 0.1%) of residual monomer. Inhaling vapors of these materials may irritate the eyes and respiratory tract and may cause headache and nausea, especially in poorly ventilated workplace areas. Direct contact with the liquid grades or TAMOL 731 SD irritates the eyes and prolonged or repeated contact with the skin may be irritating and produce rashes. GENERAL HANDLING INFORMATION Provide adequate ventilation in the workplace or storage areas to remove irritating vapors and dusts. In storing the liquid grades, keep from freezing. Wastes can be directed to a sewage treatment plant. The biological oxygen demand of these materials is low; the value for TAMOL 850, for example, is about 3,100 ppm.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our products. Under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, workers must have access to and

understand MSDS on all hazardous substances to which they are exposed. Thus, it is important that appropriate training and information be provided to all employees and that MSDS be available on any hazardous products in their workplace. Rohm and Haas Company sends MSDS on nonOSHA-hazardous as well as OSHA-hazardous products to both bill-to and ship-to locations of all our customers upon initial shipment (including samples) of all of our products. Updated MSDS are sent upon revision to all customers of record. In addition, MSDS are sent annually to all customers of record.

For additional information, a sample, a Material Safety Data Sheet or to have a technical representative call for the nearest Rohm and Haas Ofce. THE AMERICAS Corporate Headquarters Rohm and Haas Company 100 Independence Mall West Philadelphia, PA 19106 Phone:1-800-223-3897 Fax: 610-437-5212 Canada Phone: 416-284-4711 Fax: 416-284-2982 Brazil Phone: 55-11-5185-9000 Fax: 55-11-5182-5110 Mexico Phone: 525-728-6666 Fax: 525-728-6653 EUROPE France, Paris Phone: 33-1-40-02-50-00 Fax: 331-43-45-28-19 Germany Phone: 49-69-78996-0 Fax: 49-69-7895356 Italy Phone: 39-02-95250-1 Fax: 39-02-95250399 Japan Phone: 81-3-5488 3100 Fax: 81-3-5488 3179 Philippines Phone: 63-2-8925091/98 Fax: 63-2-8183908 Singapore/Malaysia Indonesia Phone: 65-7350855 Fax:65-7350877 Taiwan Phone: 886-2-2718-7090 Fax: 886-2-2713-3857 Thailand Phone: 66-2-6791030 Fax: 66-2-6791039

ASIA/ PACIFIC Australia/ New Zealand Phone: 61-3-92724222 Fax: 61-3-92724211 China, North Phone: 86-10-6464-3450-60 Fax: 86-10-6464-3466 China, South Phone: 86-757-3363-3708 Fax: 86-757-336-5478 India Phone: 91-11-464 7570 Fax: 91-11- 464 7683

Internet Address: http://www.rohmhaas.com

TAMOL is a registered trademark of Rohm and Haas Company or of its subsidiaries or afliates, and is intended to designate goods marketed in North and South America; the same goods may be marketed in other countries, generally under other Company designations.
These suggestions and data are based on information we believe to be reliable.They are offered in good faith, but without guarantee, as conditions and methods of use of our products are beyond our control.We recommend that the prospective user determine the suitability of our materials and suggestions before adopting them on a commercial scale. Suggestions for uses of our products or the inclusion of descriptive material from patents and the citation of specic patents in this publication should not be understood as recommending the use of our products in violation of any patent or as permission or license to use any patents of the Rohm and Haas Company.

FC-127f

August 1999

Printed in U.S.A.