Mnemonics...

HYPERNATREMIA
"You Are Fried" F - Fever (low), flushed skin R - Restless (irritable) I - Increased fluid retention & increased BP E - Edema (peripheral and pitting) D - Decreased urinary output, dry mouth
Can also use this one:

Hyperkalemia
Signs & Symptoms Increased Serum K+ MURDER M - Muscle weakness U - Urine, oliguria, anuria R- Respiratory distress D - Decreased cardiac contractility E - ECG changes R - Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)

HYPERKALEMIA Causes of Increased

Serum K+

Machine" M - Medications - ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS A - Acidosis - Metabolic and respiratory C - Cellular destruction - Burns,
traumatic injury

H Hypoaldosteronism/ hemolysis I - Intake - Excessive N - Nephrons, renal failure E - Excretion - Impaired

SALT S = Skin flushed A = Agitation L = Low-grade fever T = Thirst

HYPOCALCEMIA
CATS

Sxs minor bleeding: BEEP

. "HOOK" for serum sickness: each letter stands for a key sign or symptom of serum sickness.

C - Convulsions A- Arrhythmias T - Tetany S - Spasms and stridor Cancer Assessment CAUTION

B: Bleeding gums E: Ecchymoses (bruises) E: Epistaxis (nosebleed) P: Petechiae (tiny purplish spots) ABG's:

F: Fever A: Arthralgias R: Rash M: Malaise Respiratory depression inducing drugs "STOP breathing": Sedatives and hypnotics Trimethoprim Opiates Polymyxins

ROME
Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal

C: Change in bowel/ bladder habits A: A sore that doesnt heal U: Unusual bleeding or discharge T: Thickening or lump I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing O: Obvious changes in a wart or mole

N: Nagging cough or hoarseness.

COPD:
blue bloater vs. pink puffer diseases

Croup: symptoms 3 S's:

Neonatal resuscitation: successive steps

"Do What Pediatricians Say To, Or Be Inviting Costly Malpractice"

emPhysema has letter P (and not B) so Pink Puffer. chronic Bronchitis has letter B (and not P) so Blue Bloater.

Stridor Subglottic swelling Seal-bark cough

Drying Warming Positioning Suctioning Tactile stimulation Oxygen Bagging Intubate endotracheally Chest compressions Medications

Asthma acute attack: 5 life threatening signs SHOCK:

Silent chest Hypotension One third of best/predicted PFR Cyanosis Konfusion

Pneumonia: risk factors INSPIRATION: Immunosuppression Neoplasia Secretion retention Pulmonary oedema Impaired alveolar macrophages RTI (prior) Antibiotics & cytotoxics Tracheal instrumentation IV dug abuse Other (general debility, immobility) Neurologic impairment of cough reflex, (eg NMJ disorders) Lung cancer: main sites for distant metastases BLAB: Bone Liver Adrenals Brain

Asthma: management of acute severe O-SHIT

O- oxygen (high dose: >60%) S- salbutamol (5mg via oxygen-driven

nebuliser)

H- Hydrocortisone (or prednisolone) I - Ipratropium bromide (if life

threatening)

T- theophylline (or preferably

aminophylline-if life threatening

RDS -Respiratory distress syndrome in infants: major risk factors PCD (Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, a cause of Respiratory distress syndrome): Prematurity Cesarean section Diabetic mother

Pneumothorax: sx P-THORAX:

Pleuretic pain Trachea deviation Hyperresonance Onset sudden Reduced breath sounds (& dypsnea) Absent fremitus X-ray shows collapse Wheezing: causes ASTHMA: Asthma Small airways disease Tracheal obstruction Heart failure Mastocytosis or carcinoid Anaphylaxis or allergy

Bronchi: which one is more vertical "Inhale a bite, goes down the right" Inhaled objects more likely to lodge in right bronchus, since it is the one that is more vertical.

Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor location "You have 1 heart and 2 lungs": Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart. Beta-2 primarily on lungs.

Shortness of breath: short differential AAAA PPPP: Airway obstruction Angina Anxiety Asthma Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Embolus TB: antibiotics used STRIPE:

Respiratory co anaesthesia: patients at risk COUPLES: COPD Obese Upper abdominal surgery Prolonged bed rest Long surgery Elderly Smokers

Dyspnea: differential 3A's: Three Airways: Airway obstruction, Anaphylaxis, Asthma 3P's: Three Pulmonary's: Pneumothorax, PE, Pulmonary edema 3C's: Three Cardiacs: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Cardiac ischemia, Cardiac tamponade 3M's: Three Metabolics: (DOC) DKA, Organophosphates, Carbon monoxide poisoning

Ascultation: crackles (rales) "PEBbles":

treat viral respiratory infections "You'd get a respiratory

drugs to

infection if you shoot an ARO (arrow) laced with viruses into the lungs":

STreptomycin Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrizinamide Ethambutol Pulmonary edema: tx MAD DOG

Pneumonia Edema of lung Bronchiti

ARO: Amantadine Rimantadine Oseltamivir

Kubler-Ross dying process: stages "Death Always Brings Great Acceptance":

Morphine Aminophylline Digitalis Diuretics Oxygen GGases in blood (ABG's)

Denial Anger Bargaining Grieving Acceptance