PLC BASED HOME AUTOMATION

Amit Aggrawal , Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering

Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology Greater Noida,India Email: amit.stm@gmail.com

Authors : Dependra Singh1 , Ashutosh rai2 ,Dhruv Gupta3 ,Ajay Pandey. Department of

Electrical&Electronics Galgotias College Of engineering & Technology Greater Noida, India

!mail : deependrayadav"#$gmail.%om, ashutoshrai1992@gmail.com , sdhruv1992@gmail.com
3 1

ABSTRACT -This paper describes an investigation into the potential for remote controlled operation of home automation systems. It considers problems with their implementation, discusses possible solutions through various network technologies and indicates how to optimize the use of such systems. The home is an eternal, heterogeneous, distributed computing environment (Greaves, 2002) which certainly requires a careful study before developing any suitable Home Automation System (HAS) that will accomplish its requirements. Nevertheless the latest attempts at introducing Home Automation Systems in actual homes for all kinds of users are starting to be successful thanks to the continuous standardization process that is lowering the prices and making devices more useful and easier to use for the end user. Even so several important issues are always to be handled strictly before developing and installing a Home Automation System; factors like security, reliability, usefulness, robustness and price are critical to determine if the final product will accomplish the expected requirements. KEY WORD home automation network, domotics,,

plc,industrial wireless standards. 1.INTRODUCTION

lan

interfaces,

systems, home userfriendly

The concept of automation has existed for many years. It began with a student connecting two electric wires to the hands of an alarm clock in order to close a circuit of a battery and light bulb. Later, companies developed automated systems of their own to control alarms,sensors, actuators and video cameras and, in so doing, created the first automated buildings.The term intelligent home followed. Due to the obvious advantages of these systems, their influence on the conventional home was predictable and finally, in 1988, the term domotics was coined. Domotics is the application of computer and robot technologies to domestic appliances. It is a portmanteau word formed from domus (Latin, meaning house) and robotics. A modern definition of Domotics could be the interaction of technologies and services applied to different buildings with the purpose of increasing secur ity, comfort, communications and energy savings (Moraes et al., 2000). At the beginning automated devices were independent or, sometimes, grouped in small independent systems. But the idea of giving them interoperability using common language keeps on growing up, consequently following such idea the first Home Automation Systems (HASs) appeared bringing a new concept of a home

network full of possibilities, but this included also new factors to bear in mind. In addition, a strong reason why of HASs are becoming popular is because they are plenty of attractive features that can easily lure companies to enter quickly this emerging market, also they represent a great research opportunity in reating new fields in engineering, architecture and computing (Huidobro and Millan, 2004). However, these new technologies are still in their early stages with a lack of robust standards creating compatibility issues affecting their. reliability. Another problem is that these systems are not always fully accepted by final users, especially the old and disabled arguably the ones that need it the most. It is the goal of researchers to find out how to introduce home automation into our lives so as to only affect us positively. As an example, one effort to make these systems usable and affordable by any user helped the use of old, cheap and simple technologies like the X-10 protocol to transfer data in the home-network, in relative terms this approach created low cost HASs taking the advantage that X-10 technology do not require additional wiring. Even though newest technologies are constantly coming and a constant migration from wired to wireless is gradually affecting technologies involved within the home network possibly corroborating what Myers, Brad A. et al said that the future home network will have ubiquitous embedded computation with an increasing number of appliances having wireless communication (Myerset al., 2004). In fact, there are many recent tendencies to integrate various kinds of embedded devices and consumer appliances into software systems (Rigole et al., 2003), tendencies that have emerged from the ideas of pervasive computing. This evolution offers many useful possibilities in Domotics. Lately, it is being proved that Domotics has many interesting fields, and among them using remote-Controlled HASs to control the home network is one of the most challenging. The possibility of having ubiquitous access to

many devices within a building at any time, from anywhere, resolves many of the problems that users often face when they return home, saving a significant amount of time. It also notably increases the security in any kind of building and it may even provide a backup control system for local system breakdowns. This ubiquitous access could be achieved from many different digital devices and it is known that the network hierarchy has been rapidly moving lower in the chain towards smaller and more personal devices (Greaves, 2002). Considering latest tendencies, everything points at prompt remote control standardization in home networks. 2.HOMEAUTOMATION SYSTEM Home automation is the residential extension of building automation. It is automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, security locks of gates and doors and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Home automation for the elderly and disabled can provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require caregivers or institutional care. The popularity of home automation has been increasing greatly in recent years due to much higher affordability and simplicity through smartphone and tablet connectivity. The concept of the "Internet of Things" has tied in closely with the popularization of home automation. A home automation system integrates electrical devices in a house with each other. The techniques employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of domestic activities, such as home systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or parties),

and the use of domestic robots. Devices may be connected through acomputer network to allow control by a personal computer, and may allow remote access from the internet. Through the integration of information technologies with the home environment, systems and appliances are able to communicate in an integrated manner which results in convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits. Automated homes of the future have been staple exhibits for World's Fairs and popular backgrounds in science fiction. However, problems with complexity, competition between vendors, multiple incompatible standards,[1] and the resulting expense have limited the penetration of home automation to homes of the wealthy, or ambitious hobbyists. Possibly the first "home computer" was an experimental home automation system in 1966.[2][3] 3.SYSTEM ELEMENT Elements of a home automation system include sensors (such as temperature, daylight, or motion detection), controllers (such as a general-purpose personal computer or a dedicated automation controller) and actuators, such as motorized valves, light switches, motors, and others. One or more human-machine interface devices are required, so that the residents of the home can interact with the system for monitoring and control; this may be a specialized terminal or, increasingly, may be an application running on a smart phone or tablet computer. Devices may communicate over dedicated wiring, or over a wired network, or wirelessly using one or more protocols. Building automation networks developed for institutional or commercial buildings may be adapted to control in individual residences. A centralized controller can be used, or multiple intelligent devices can be distributed around the home

4.NETWORKS There have been many attempts to standardize the forms of hardware, electronic and communication interfaces needed to construct a home automation system. Some standards use additional communication and control wiring, some embed signals in the existing power circuit of the house, some use radio frequency (RF) signals, and some use a combination of several methods. Control wiring is hardest to retrofit into an existing house. Some appliances include a USB port that is used for control and connection to a domotics network. Protocol bridges translate information from one standard to another, e.g., from X10 to European Installation Bus (EIB now KNX). 5.PROJECT DISCRIPTION Our project(Home automation system) consists of four main small systems A. HAVAC(heat ventilation adaptive control)system. B. Lighting control system. C. Fire system D. Security control system. E. Burglar security system.

HAVAC system : The temperature sensor (heat)detects if the temperature excess a certain degree , the fan will be activated .The ventilation activated according to a flicker logic it be on for a period of time (T1) and it will be deactivated for another period of time (T2) and T2 should be greater than T1 to keep ventilator from breakdown. Note: the fan and ventilator can't be activated if there is a fire on the system. Lighting system: In this system we divide it into inside and outside lighting control system.For outside lighting there is a light detector , if it is dark or if there is no enough light outside the home , the outside lamps will be activated automatically.For inside lighting

the lamps will be activated when the door is opened and still activated till the user presses the deactivated push button. Fire system The smoke sensor detects if there a fire which may be occurs on the system and the fire siren will be activated. Security system: The burglar security system . it has its own start and stop push buttons . there is two photoelectric barriers on towards the main door and the other on the window of the home. If any of photoelectric barriers is interrupted the burglar siren will be activated till the user presses a stop push button. Note: when the photoelectric sensor is interrupted the outside and inside lamps will be turned on and also the two siren. So in our project we use (8 inputs) and (6 outputs) The inputs that we use : A. Start push button for the system. B. Stop push button for the system. C. Start push button for the security system. D. Start push button for the security system. E. Temperature sensor. F. Smoke sensor. G. Photocell sensor. H. Photoelectric sensor. The outputs that we use: A. Fan B. Ventilator. C. Siren for burglar. D. Siren for fire. E. Outside lamp. F. Inside lamp.

6. PROPOSED WORK These days, home automation is very important. Home automation involves an integrated system of monitors that automatically operate different functions such as lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation and elevator systems, Appliances and

security (Fire, Burglar) alarm. Any company works in (control systems) technology field might get benefits from this project. Companies may setup a full office automation system to its clients. Hotels may be automated by this project to have more Lodgers. Tourism can have huge benefits because tourists number might be increase, hence the national income will increase. This project will consume the time which be wasted in manual process inside (homes, offices, hotels) in business [time is money]. Handy-cap and older people can have special care. This project is useful in understanding and learning more about plc That mean that it is an educational project that it is useful in laboratory to learn students how the plc work using actuators (output to the plc) as (fan, ventilator, valve,.etc) and using the push buttons are the input of the automated process which can be start or stop operation(security , HAVAC) and using sensors as (Temperature , smoke , photocell, photoelectric) and how use all tools of plc as timers. Our project consists of board which contain push buttons &sensors& actuators. And each process is connected below the wood that was designed to disappear the wiring connection of each one . the following steps is a systematic approach of control system design such this steps help you how to use the programmable logic control . A systematic approach of control system design using a programming logic controller: The concept of controlling a control system is very simple and easy task it involves systematic approach by following operation procedure determine the system sequence of operation . Firstly you have to decide what system you want to control the ultimate purpose of the programmable controller is to control an external system . this system to be controlled can be process and is often generically called the control system .The movement of the controller system is constantly monitored by the input devices that give a specified

condition and send a signal to the programmable controller outputs a signal to the external output devices which actually control the movement of the controlled specified and thus achieves the external control action . A. Assignment of Inputs and outputs: Secondly , all external input and output devices to be connected to the programmable controllers must be determined . the input devices are the various switches , sensors , etc . the output devices are the fans, sirens , valves, motors etc. After identifying all the various input and output devices , assigned the numbers corresponding to the input and output number of the particular programmable controller you will using . the actual wiring will follow the numbers of the programmable controller . the assignment of INPUT and OUTPUT numbers be carried out before writing the ladder diagram because the number dictate what is the precise meaning of the contacts in the ladder diagram . B. writing of the program : Next , write the ladder diagram program by following the control system sequence of operation as determined by step one. C..Programming into Memory : Now , you can apply the programmable controller . depending on the type of programmable controller , you may have to do a I/O generation to prepare the system configuration . After that , you program in the memory by computer aided ladder software tool. After completion of the programming , you should check for any coding errors by means of diagnostic function , and if possible simulate the whole operation to see that it is alright . D. Running the system: Before the start push button is pressed , thorough ensure that the input and output wiring are correctly connected according to the I/O Assignment. Once confirmed, the actual operation of the plc can now be started . you may need to debug alone the way

Test run thoroughly until it is safe to operate by anyone.

7. SMART GRID Home automation technologies are viewed as integral additions to the Smart grid. The ability to control lighting, appliances, HVAC as well as Smart Gridapplications (load shedding, demand response, real-time power usage and price reporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives are rolled out. Green Automation is the term coined to describe energy management strategies in home automation when data from smart grids is combined with home automation systems to use resources at either their lowest prices or highest availability, taking advantage, for instance, of high solar panel output in the middle of the day to automatically run washing machines 8. CONCLUSION The requirement of power energy conservation leads to specific considerations on both networking technology and deployment cost in the smart home design, especially for home automation. Among the emerging technologies popular in the domain of smart homes, PLC technologies and shortrange low-rate wireless network technologies have attracted more attention from researchers and home appliance manufacturers and proved themselves to be the de facto standards and deployment specifications. The main advantages of the PLC technologies superior to other alternatives is the availability of power line outlets in each room for a house, which avoids the costs of additional wiring in most residences and the convenience of the promisingly seamless communication with utilities via power line.

9. REFERENCES Domotics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domotics (Accessed 28 October 2005) Jos Manuel Huidobro Moya and Ramn Milln Tejedor (2004) Domtica. Edificios inteligentes. Cortes, Francisco Javier (2002) Convergencia TCP/IP en Home Networking. Tesis Doctoral en Electrnica y Comunicaciones. Instituto Tecnolgico de Aragn (ITA) Advanced services department. December 2002. Myers, Brad A. et al (2004) Taking handheld devices to the next level. IEEE Computer Society, December 2004. pp. 36-45. D. Greaves. "Control Software for Home Automation, Design Aspects and Position Paper. Icdcsw. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW '02), 2002. P.Rigole, Y. Berbers, T. Holvoet. A UPnP software gateway towards EIB home automation, May 2003, in proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Computer Science and Technology - CST 2003 (Cancun, Mexico) P. Rigole, C. Vandervelpen, K. Luyten, Y. Vandewoude, K. Coninx, and Y. Berbers, A component-based infrastructure for pervasive user interaction Proceedings of Software Techniques for Embedded and Pervasive Systems (Varea, M. and Cortes, L., eds.), pp. 1-16, 2005. Simon Aurell Remote Controlling devices using Instant Messaging. Bachelor Thesis in Software Engineering, June 2005 (University of Gothenburg) J. Nichols et al. (2002) Generating RemoteControl interfaces for Complex Appliances. Proceedings of the

ACM Conference of User-Interface software and Technology (UIST02), ACM press, 161170. Myers, Brad A. et al (2004) Taking handheld devices to the next level. IEEE Computer Society, December (2004) pp. 36-45. Nielsen, J. & Molich, R. (1990), Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces, in Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems , ACM Press, pp. 249--256. Kalaoja, J. Analysis of vocabularies for Amigo home domain, to be presented as a poster and published in the proceeding of 8th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems 23 - 27, May 2006 Paphos http://www.hitechCyprus. projects.com/euprojects/amigo/ (Accessed 27 February 2005) European Standard for Home and Building Electronic Systems, http://www.konnex.org/ (Accessed 22 November 2005)