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TRIANGLES
Similar Figures
All congruent figures are similar but the similar figures need not be congruent.
This again emphasises that two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if
(i) all the corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) all the corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion).
If one polygon is similar to another polygon and this second polygon is similar to a
third polygon, then the first polygon is similar to the third polygon.
Similarity of Triangles
Two triangles are similar, if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion).
Theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the
other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the
same ratio.
Proof : We are given a triangle ABC in which a line parallel to side BC intersects
other two sides AB and AC at D and E respectively.
M
N
D E
C
B
AD AE
We need to prove that, =
DB EC
Theorem: If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then
the line is parallel to the third side.
Proof: Draw a triangle ABC and draw a line DE such as it divides AB and AC in the
same ratio.
D E
B C
AD AE
In ∆ ABC it is given that =
AB EC
Prove DE ll BC
Proof:
∠ AED + ∠ DEC = 180°
In Rectangle DECB,
∠ DEC + ∠ ECB = 180°
D
A
P Q
B C
F
E
Note: If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another
triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
SSS (Side-Side-Side)Theorem: If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are
proportional to (i.e., in the same ratio of ) the sides of the other triangle,
then their corresponding angles are equal and hence the two triangles are
similiar.
Proof: This theorem can be proved by using same method as in previous theorem.
D
A
B M C
E N F
1 1
ar(ABC) = × BC × AM and ar(DEF) = × EF × DN
2 2
BC AB AC
As triangles are similar so = =
EF DE DF
As AM ⊥ BC and DN ⊥ EF so ∆ABM ≈ ∆DEN
BC AB AC AM
So, = = = ----------------------------------------------------------- (2)
EF DE DF DN
ar ( ABC ) BC × BC
= proved.
ar ( DEF ) EF × EF
B C