Calorimetry Exercise 1. If it takes 41.8 J to heat a chunk of gold of mass 18.69 g from 10.0 to 27.

0oC, what is the specific heat of gold? Q = 41.8 J Q = mct 41.8 = (18.69)(c)(27.0-10.0)
c = 0.13155

m = 18.69 g

c =?

t1 = 10.0oC

t2 = 27.0oC

Therefore the specific heat capacity of gold is 0.132 2. A 25.0 g steel ball (Csp = 427 ) is quickly transferred from boiling water to a 2.00 x 102 g calorimeter containing 50.0 g of water at 25.0oC. If the final temperature is 27.0oC, calculate the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter. Water m = 50.0 g Steel Ball m=25.0 g Calorimeter m= 2.00 x 102 g

c = 4.184 c = 427 c=?

t1 = 25.0oC t1 = 100oC t1 = 25.0oC

t2 = 27.0oC t2 = 27.0oC t2 = 27.0oC

Q gained by water = mct = (50.0)(4.184)(27.0-25.0) = 418.4J Q lost by steel ball = -mct = (0.025)(427)(27.0- 100.0) = 779.275J Q gained by calorimeter = Q lost by steel ball - Q gained by water = 779.275J 418.4J = 360.875J Q gained by calorimeter = mct 360.875 = (0.2Kg)(c)(2) c= 902 Therefore the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter is 902

3. A piece of molybdenum of mass 237 g and at a temperature of 1.00 x 102oC is thrust into 244 g of water at 10.0oC. If the final temperature is 15.3oC, what is the specific heat of molybdenum? molybdenum m = 237 g t1 = 1.00x102oC Water m= 244 g t2 = 15.3oC

c=4.184

t1 = 10.0oC

t2 = 15.3oC

Q gained by water = mct = (244)(4.184)(5.3) = 5410.7488 J

Q lost by molybdenum = Q gained by water 5410.7488 J = -mct 5410.7488 J = -(0.237)(c)(15.3 100.0) c = 269.541 Therefore the specific heat of molybdenum is 2.70 x 102 4. If 100.0 g of zinc (Csp 337 g calorimeter (Csp 419 zinc m = 100.0 g Water m = 60.0 g at 95.0oC is dropped into 60.0 g of water contained in a 100.0

) at 20.0oC, what will the final temperature be?

c = 337 c = 4.184

t1 = 95.0oC t1 = 20.0oC

t2 =? t2 =?

Q lost by zinc = -Q gained by water mct = -(mct) (0.1)(377)(t2 368.15) = -(60.0)(4.184)(t2 - 293.15) 37.7t2 13879.255 = -251.04t2 + 73592.376 288.74t2 = 87471.631 t2 = 302.94K Therefore the final temperature will be 303K.

5. A Bunsen flame takes 8 minutes to raise 250 g of water from 20 to 100oC, when the water is in a beaker of mass 100 g (Csp = 0.67 . How long will it take to raise the temperature of 200 g of glycerine (Csp 2.43 Water m = 250 g Beaker m = 100 g Glycerine m = 200 g t1 = 20oC t1 = t1 = 20oC ) contained in the same beaker from 20 to 80.0oC t2 = 100oC t2 = t2 = 80oC c = 4.184 c = 0.67 c = 2.43

Q water = mct = (250)(4.184)(100 - 20) = 83680 J Assume the beaker also has an initial temperature of 20oC and a final temperature of 1000C Q beaker = mct = (100)(0.67)(100 - 20) = 5360 J Q total = Q water + Q beaker = 83680 + 5360 = 89040 J This is the amount of energy that the water and beaker take in 8 min. = Q glycerine = mct = (200)(2.43)(60) = 29160 J Also assume the beaker has an initial temperature of 20oC and a final temperature of 800C Q beaker = mct = (100)(0.67)(80 20) = 4020 J Q total = Q glycerine + Q beaker = 29160 + 4020 = 33180 J

Divide by the rate

= 2.98 min. Therefore it takes 3min to raise the temperature of glycerine from 20 to 80.0oC 6. The specific heat of ice is 2.09
o

the total amount of heat required to raise the temperature

of 1.0 mol of water from -10.0 C to 35.0oC is 8.772 kJ. Calculate the amount of heat required to convert 1.0 g of ice into 1.0 g of water at 0.0oC. Ice1 n = 1.0mol C ice = 2.09 C water = 4.184 t1 = -10.0oC (solid) t2 =0oC (solid) t3 = 0oC (liquid) t4 = 35.0oC (liquid) Q total = 8.772kJ = 8772 J n= m = (1.0)(18.02) m = 18.02g Q total ice1 = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 8772 = mct + mLf + mct 8772 = (18.02)(2.09)[0 (-10)] + 18.02Lf + (18.02)(4.184)(35 0) 8772 = 376.618 + 2638.8488 + 18.02Lf 5756.5332 = 18.02Lf Lf = 319 Q ice 2 = Q1 = mLf = 1(319) = 319 J Therefore 320 J of energy is needed to convert 1.0 g of ice into 1.0 g of water at 0.0 oC Ice2 m = 1.0 g C ice = 2.09 C water = 4.184 t2 =0oC (solid) t3 = 0oC (liquid)

7. The combustion of 1.220g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) in a bomb calorimeter raised the temperature of the surrounding water by 3.860K. The heat capacity of the calorimeter was 8.364kJ/K. Calculate the heat evolved per mole of benzoic acid. Benzoic Acid m = 1.220 g n = 0.01 mol Water m= c = 4.184 t = 3.860K Calorimeter m= c = 8.364 t1 = t2 = For every 1Kelvin increase in temperature for the calorimeter 8.364kJ are needed. If the temperature of the surrounding water has changed by 3.860K assume that the temperature of the calorimeter also increased by 3.860K. Therefore the total energy created in the combustion is the temperature multiplied by the rate. = (8.364)(3.860) = 32.28504kJ Therefore 32.28504kJ is released by every 0.01 mol of benzoic acid.
x

= 3228.504

Therefore the heat evolved by 1mol of benzoic acid is 3229

8. In a gas calorimeter, butane passing through a tube at 1.000 x 10-4

is burned in a jet. The

temperature of water passing through a coil surrounding the jet at a rate of 20.00 is raised 3.440 K by the flame. Calculate the heat evolved in the combustion of 1.000 mol of butane. Butane n = 1.000 x 10-4 Water m = 20 .00 g c = 4.184 t = 3.440K It takes 1.000 x 10-4 mol of CH4 to raise the temperature of 20 g of water by 3.440K. Q=mct = (20)(4.184)(3.440) = 287.8592 J 287.8592 J of energy is given by 0.0001 mol of CH4

= 2878.59

Therefore 2879kJ of energy is evolved from 1 mol of butane. 9. Each water molecule can form two hydrogen bonds. The heat of fusion on ice is 5.760 And that of a hypothetical ice in which there is no hydrogen bonding is 1.260 the energy of a hydrogen bond is 20.00 broken during fusion? Ice Lf = 5.760 . Assuming that , what percentage of the hydrogen bonds in ice are

Hypothetical Ice Lf = 1.260

Percentage = = = 11.25%

x 100% x 100%