ANSWER SCHEME

FOKUS MENUJU GEMILNG

CHAPTER 4

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

: : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Introduction to Chemistry Structure of Atom Chemical Formulae & Equations Periodic Table of Elements Chemical Bonds Electrochemistry Acids & Bases Salts Chemical Substances in Industry Rate of Reactions Carbon Compounds Oxidation & Reduction Thermochemistry Chemicals for Consumers

2009 Perak P2A1

JKD KIMIA KLUANG, JOHOR DARUL TAZIM

1

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2007 Malacca P2A2 No. of Q 1 (a) (b) 2.8.8 W have achieve stable electron arrangement (octet) Explanation Marks 1 1 Total Mark 1 1

(c) (i)

(ii) increasing nuclei attraction on the valence electron (d) (i) burn rapidly in oxygen to produce white solid metal oxides 2X2O 1 1

(ii) 4X + O2

(e) (i)

X is more reactive than S

1 1

1 1 10

(ii) because X is located below than S, whwn going down the group 1, reactivity increase Total

2007 Pahang P2A2 No (a) 2.8.2 2 (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (c) (i) (ii) Ionic bond

Explanation

Mark 1 1 1 1 1+1 1 1 1 1 10

Atom A releases 2 electrons to atom B - to achieve octet electron arrangement / to form ion A2+. Each ion drawn correctly Has high melting and boiling point CB2 12 + 2(32) / 12 + 64 = 76 Total

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2008 Perlis P2A3 No. of Q (a) 3 (b) (i) (ii) Explanation Proton, electron, neutron The number of shells occupied with electrons Period 3 W has 3 shells occupied with electrons Atomic size of atom X is smaller -Proton number of atom X is larger - attraction of nucleus on the electrons in Period 2 increases
ZX

Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total Mark 1 1

2 1

(c) (i) (ii)

2 1

(d) (i) (ii)

Z+

2.8

Y-

2.8.8

1 1 2

- No of electrons and shells are correct - The presence of charges Total 10

2008 Kedah P2A4 No. of Q (a) 4 (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) 12
23

Explanation

Marks 1

Total Mark 1

Isotopes are atoms (of the same element) with the same number of protons/proton number but different number of neutrons/nucleon number Any example of isotope Sample answer; carbon-14, cobalt-60, sodium-24 etc

Y
11

1 1

1 1

(d) (i)

Liquid

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No. of Q (ii)

Explanation

Marks 1

Total Mark 1

(iii) Becomes faster/ more active (iv)

Temperature/0C

Time / min Total 10

2008 Johore P2A3 No. of Q 5 (a) (i) (ii) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) Group 1 and Period 4 G 1 D2L Soluble in water// high melting / boiling point// conducts electricity in molten or aqueous solution E The nuclei attraction towards the valence electrons is weaker in E. Thus it is easier for E to lose / release an electron to form a positively charged ion. L//M Covalent bond Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Explanation Marks 1+1 2 Total Mark

(d) (i) (ii)

1 1

1 1 10

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2008 Perak P2A1 No. of Q 6 (a) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (c) (i) (ii) Explanation increasing order of proton number (i) Sodium / Na Chlorine /Cl advertising light / television tubes Ionic 1 1 1 1 2 Marks 1+1 2 1 1 1 1 Total Mark

(d) (i) (ii)

Copper/ Cu Formed a coloured compound // Act as catalyst // Formed a complex ion // Have a various oxidation number Total

1 1

1 1 10

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2009 Malacca P2A2 No. of Q (a) (i) (ii) 7 (b) (c) (d) (i) (ii) Explanation Marks 1+1 Group period G B Red litmus paper turns to blue 1-correct chemical formula for reactant 2-correct chemical formula for product 3-balance the equation 2D + H2O 2 Na + H2O (e) (f) B,A,G,E,D,H (i) shade all transition element (ii) 1-show different oxidation number 2- form coloured ions/ compounds 3-their element/compound used as catalyst Total 2DOH + H2 // 2Na OH + H2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 Total Mark

10

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2009 Kelantan P2A1 No. of Q (a) 8 (b) Explanation Group 16 ,period 3 2D +H2O DOH + H2 Correct reactant and correct product Balance equation G Marks 1+1 1 1 1 1 1 Total Mark 2 2

(c) (i)

(ii) The nuclei attraction towards the valence electron is weaker in G. Thus it is easier for G to lose / release an electron to form a positive charged ion

(d) (i)

1 1 1

(ii) Has stable //octet electron arrangement// have 8 electron valence (e) Show coloured ion//formed complex ion//has various oxidation number//act as catalyst Total

1 10

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2009 Sabah P2A1 No. of Q (a) (b) (c) 9 Explanation U and X Group 1 and period 4 Neon Used to fill advertising light bulb// use as an indicator light Marks 1 1 1 1 Total Mark 1 1 2

(d) (i) U (ii) 2U + H2O 2X + H2O

2 UOH + H2 // 2XOH + H2

1 1

(e) X. Its valence electrons can released more easily 2 compared to element U, because atom X is size is larger than atom U (f) A valence electron at the outermost shell of atom U is transferred to atom W to achieved stable octet electron arrangement Total 1 1

10

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2010 Perak P2A2 No. of Q 10 (a) (b) (c) 3 Chlorine// Cl2 / argon // Ar Semiconductor to make diodes /transistor Explanation Marks 1 1 1 Total Mark 1 1 2

(d) (i) Mg : 2.8.2 Cl : 2.8.7 (i) Magnesium atom donates two electron, (two) chlorine atom accept one electron (e) The number of proton increase//the charge of the nucleus increase The attraction forces between nucleus and (valence) electron increase Total

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2

10

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2010 Pahang P2A3 No. 11 (a) (b) (c) (i) (ii) Mark Scheme P R The electronegativity is increase from Q to V Across the period from Q to V , the atomic size decreases, The attraction force between nucleus and valens electrons increases R is more reactive than Q Because the element has octet electron arrangement/ Because the outermost shell has occupied 8 electrons. TU4 Sub Mark 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total Mark 1 1

(d) (e)

(f) (i)

1 1

(ii)

Corect diagram, label T and U, correct no. of electron Correct valens electron each of the atom

1 1

TOTAL

10 M

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10

2010 MRSM P2A2

NO EXPLANATION MARK T MARKS

(a)
12

(i) P and R 1 1 (ii) Both atoms have same number of protons but different number of neutrons // Both atoms have same proton number but different nucleon number
1

(iii)

(b)

(i) (ii)

X hydrogen gas

(iii) Colourless solution turns pink The reaction produces alkaline solution a: presence of OH(iv) 2 Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

1 1 1 1

(v) density of Group 1 metals are lower than the density of water // less dense than water
TOTAL 9

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11

2010 Pulau Pinang P2A1 No. of Q 13 (a) (i) (ii) (b)(i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (d) (i) (ii) Explanation Marks 1 1 1 1 1 D atom D has stable / octet electron arrangement A/E 2A + H2O H2 + 2H2O 2.8.7 G Total 2AOH+ H2 // 2EOH +H2 1 2 1 2 1 Total Mark 2 2

E and F increase atom of the same elemnt with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons T study / estimate the age of fossil /artefacts

(e) (f)

1 1

1 1 10

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12

2010 Melaka P2A2 No. of Q (a) (i) 14 (ii) (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (d) (i) (ii) Group 13, Period 3 J and L 1 Burns with yellow flame // produces hiss sound 2L + 2H2O M Covalent bond [1. correct number of occupied electron shells and correct electrons in each shell for all the atoms, nuclei shown ] [2. four atoms of N combine covalently (sharing a pair of electrons) with one atom of K ] 2 LOH + H2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Explanation Marks 1+1 2 Total Mark

Total

10

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13

2008 Sarawak P2C7 No. of Q 15 (a) (i) Explanation 1. The electron arrangement of atom Q .2.1 // 2J 2. The electron arrangement of atom R : 2.4 // 2,4 1. The number of neutrons in atom R is 6 2. Symbol for Isotope of R : 613 R // 6 14R 1. 2. 3. 4. Element Q and R forms covalent bond. Atom Q has an electron arrangement of 2.8.7 / 2,8,7 Atom R has an electron arrangement of 2.4 / 2, 4. To achieve the stable octet electron arrangement, atom R shares electrons with atom Q. 5. One atom R contributes 4 electrons. 6. Each atom Q contributes one electron. 7. Atom R shares four of its valence electrons each with 4 atoms of Q to form a covalent compound / molecule with the formula RQ4. Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total Mark 2

(ii)

(b)

OR

(c)

For Group 1 elements, 1. Going down the group, atomic size increases // the valence electron becomes further away from the

1
14

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No. of Q nucleus.

Explanation

Marks

Total Mark

2. Forces of attraction between the protons / nucleus and the valence electron becomes weaker. ( Reject: electron shell.) 3. It is easier for the atom to donate / release the valence electrons. 4. Reactivity increases down the group //

For Group 17 elements, 5. Atomic size increases when descending the group // the valence electrons becomes further away from the nucleus. 6. Forces of attraction between the protons / nucleus and the valence electrons become weaker. 7. It is more difficult for the atom to accept / gain / receive electrons. 8. Reactivity decreases down the group // 1 8 1 1

Total

20

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15

2009 Kedah P2B7 No. of Q 16 (a) Explanation

Electron arrangement of atom X is 2.8.2 Atom X has two valence electrons Hence, it is located in Group 2 Atom X has three occupied shells//three shells filled with electrons Hence, it is located in Period 3 Electron arrangement of lithium 2.1 Atomic radius of lithium is smaller than sodium//atomic size of lithium smaller than sodium The distance between the nucleus of lithium and the valence electrons is shorter /nearer/closer The force of attraction between the nucleus of lithium and the valence electron is stronger Hence, the valence electron is more difficult to be released Procedure 1-A small piece of lithium is cut using a knife 2-The oil on the surface of lithium is removed using filter paper 3-Lithium is then placed slowly on the surface of water in a beaker/basin 4-The experiment is repeated using sodium Observation Lithium moves slowly on the surface of water Name of products: lithium hydroxide and hydrogen Sodium moves rapidly/faster/vigorously on the surface of water Name of products: sodium hydroxide and hydrogen Equations 2Li + 2H O 2LiOH + H correct formulae
2 2

Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total Mark

(b)

(c)

balanced equation or 2Na + 2H O 2NaOH + H

2

10 20

Total

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16

2008 Kedah P2B8 No. of Q 1 7 (a) (i) (ii) Explanation Atom R is located in Group 17, Period 3 Electron arrangement of atom R is 2.8.7. It is located in Group 17 because it has seven valence electron. It is in Period 3 because it has three shells filled Atoms P and R form covalent bond. To achieve the stable electron arrangement, atom P needs 4 electrons while atom R needs one electron. Thus, atom P shares 4 pairs of electrons with 4 atoms of R forming a molecule with the formula PR4// diagram Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 Total Mark

(b)

(c)

Atom Q and atom R form ionic bond Atom Q has the electron arrangement 2.8.1. and Atom R has the electron arrangement 2.8.7. To achieve a stable (octet )electron arrangement atom Q donates 1 electron to form a positive ion// equation Q .Q+ + e

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
17

(d)

(i)

Atom R receives an electron to form ion R-/equation And achieve a stable octet electron // equation R- + e R

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No. of Q

Explanation Ion Q+ and ion R are pulled together by the strong electrostatic forces to form a compound with the formula QR The ionic compound/ (b)(ii) dissolves in water while the covalent compound / (b)(i)does not dissolve in water. Water is a polar solvent that can cause the ionic compound to dissociate into ions. Covalent compounds are non-polar and can only dissolve in organic solvents. OR The melting point of the ionic compound/ (b)(ii) is higher than that of the covalent compound/ (b)(i) . This is because in ionic compounds ions are held by strong electrostatic forces. High energy is needed to overcome these forces. In covalent compounds, molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces. Only a little energy is required to overcome the attractive forces. OR The ionic compound/(b)(ii) conducts electricity in the molten or aqueous state whereas the covalent compound/(b)(i) does not conduct electricity. This is because in the molten or aqueous state, ionic compounds consist of freely moving ions. Covalent compounds are made up of molecules only Total

Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total Mark 11

max 4/5

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

20

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18

2009 Times P2B8 No. of Q 18 (a) Explanation - Atom U is smaller in size than atom T - Atom U has more protons in the nucleus - Attractive forces between the nucleus and the electrons in the shells are stronger. - Therefore,the electron lled shells are attracted closer to the nucleus. - T is more reactive . - The electron arrangement of T is 2.8.1 and S is 2.1 - The valence electron of atom T is further from its nucleus. - The attractive forces between the nucleus of atom T towards the nucleus of atom T towards the valence electron is weaker - Therefore the tendency of atom T to donate the valence electron is higher. Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 Total Mark

(b)

(c) 1 Procedure: 1. A spatula of iron lings is put into the combustion tube. 2. Gas U is passed over the hot iron lings. 3. The iron lings are heated very strongly. Observation: - The iron lings glow brightly and a brown solid is formed. Chemical equation: 2Fe + 3 U2 (c) 2FeU3 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1

- S has the electron arrangement of 2.1. - S is located in Group 1 - because S has 1 valence electron. - S is located in Period 2. - because S has 2 electron lled shells. Total

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19

2010 Melaka P2B8 No. of Q (a) 19 Explanation 1. Atomic radius increase as 2. more number of shells is needed to fill the increasing number of electrons present in the atom 3. melting point increase down the group 4.atomic size increase down the group 5. attraction forces between atoms become stronger 6. more heat is needed to overcome this stronger forces of attraction 1. Helium gas used to fill airship / weather/ fill up the divers oxygen tank 2. neon- used in advertising lights 3. Argon- used to fill up the light bulb 4. krypton- used in lasers to repair retina of the eyes Marks 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total Mark

(ii)

1 1 1 1 4

(b) 1. The valence electron in a group 18 atoms are stable/ (duplet and octet) while in group 17, the atom have 7 valence electrons. 2.In order to achieve stable electron arrangement,each atom in group 17 elements need to share its valence electron with other element 3. For group 18 elements, the atom need not have to share their valence electron (ii) 1- the reactivity decreases 2- in chemical reaction, halogen atom needs to gain one electron (into their outermost shell). 3.The atomic size of halogen increases down the group // the outermost occupied shell of each atom becomes further from nucleus. 4.The strength of nucleus to attract electron becomes weaker (i)

1 1 1 1 1 7

(iii)

1-ionic bond 2- [ correct number of occupied electron shell,correct electrons in each shell and nuclei shown for both ions] 3-one sodium ions combines with one chloride ion, correct charges of ion written] Total

1 1 3 1 20

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20

2010 MRSM P2 C9 NO 20 2Na + Cl

EXPLANATION = 0.1 mol

MARK

E MARKS

2NaCl 2 Number of mole of Na = 23

(a)

23 2 mol of Na produce 2 mol of NaC1 0.1 mol of Na produce 0.1 mol of NaC1 Mass of NaCI = 0.1 [23 + 35.5] 5.85 g

1 1 1

(1) 2 Fe + 3C12 4 2FeC13 or 2 Fe + 313r2 4 1. Correct formulae of reactants and products 2. Balanced equation

2FeBr3

(b) ` (ii) 1. The reactivity of reaction I is higher than reaction II. 2. The atomic size of chlorine is smaller than bromine 3. The forces of attraction of the nucleus toward the electrons is stronger in chlorine atom than in bromine atom 4. It is easier for chlorine atom to attract electron TOTAL

11 11

10

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21

2008 Johore P3DE Q No. Rubric / Sample answers 21(i) Able to give the problem statement accurately. Sample answer: How does the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium change when they react with water?// How does the reactivity of Group 1 metals change when they react with water? Able to give the problem statement correctly. How does the reactivity of the three elements change with water? No response or wrong response Q No. Rubric / Sample answers Able to state the three variables correctly. (ii) Sample answer: Manipulated Variable : Different types of alkali metals//Li, Na, K Responding Variable : Reactivity of metals // the movement of metals on water surface Fixed Variables : Water, size of metals Able to state any two variables correctly. Able to state any one variable correctly. No response or wrong response Q No. Rubric / Sample answers (iii) Able to state the hypothesis correctly. Sample answer: Potassium is more reactive than sodium & lithium // The reactivity increases when going down the Group 1. Able to state the hypothesis less correctly. Sample answer: -Different types of alkali metals, different reactivity of metals -Reactivity of metal depends on different types of alkali metals Able to state any idea of the hypothesis. Sample answer: Reactivity of metal depends on the metal. // Potassium is the most reactive metal No response or wrong response

Score 2

0 Score 3

2 1 0 Score 3

Q No. Rubric / Sample answers (iv) Able to list all materials and apparatus accurately. Sample answer: Material : lithium, sodium and potassium, Water and
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Score 3

22

Filter paper Apparatus : Small knife, forceps, basin Able to list at least 3 materials and 1 apparatus correctly. Able to list at least 2 materials and 1 apparatus correctly. No response or wrong response Q No. Rubric / Sample answers Able to list all the procedures accurately. (v) Sample answer: 1. Cut a small piece of lithium using a knife and forceps. 2. Dry the oil on the surface of the lithium with filter paper 3. Place the lithium slowly onto the water surface in a trough using forceps 4. Record your observations in the table 5. Repeat steps 1-4 using sodium and potassium. Able to list steps 1, 3 and 4 correctly. Able to list steps 3 and 4 correctly. No response or wrong response Q No. Rubric / Sample answers (vi) Able to construct a table to tabulate the data that includes the heading for the manipulated variable and the observations. Sample answer: Elements Observation Lithium Sodium Potassium Able to construct a table to tabulate the data that contain the elements or the observation. Elements Observation

2 1 0 Score 3

2 1 0 Score 3

Able to construct any table to tabulate the data. Sample answer: Lithium Sodium Potassium

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23

2008 Pahang P3DE Q No. Rubric / Sample answers Able to give the accurate problem statement. Response is in the question form. 22(a) (ignore the question mark) Sample answer: How does the reactivity of group I elements/(alkali metals)(/metals X, Y and Z ) change when react with water? Able to give the accurate problem statement.Response is in the question form. (ignore the question mark) Sample answer: How does the reactivity of group I elements/(alkali metals)(/metals X, Y and Z ) change when react with water? Able to give the idea of problem statement Sample answer Reactivity change// React with water [Able to state the idea of ] No response given / wrong response (b) Able to give all three variables accurately and correctly. Sample answer: Manipulated variables: different types of metals Responding variables: reactivity Constant variables : size of metals Able to give any two variables correctly Able to give any one variables correctly No response given / wrong response (c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and responding variable and the direction accurately Sample answer: When going down Group I, metals X,Y and Z becomes more reactive in their reactions with water Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and responding variable Sample answer When going down Group I ,the reaction of metals X,Y and Z with water becomes more reactive// Group I metals react with water vigorously hypothesis Sample answer ( Metals )reactive//react vigorously No response given / wrong response

Score

2 1 0

1 0

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24

(d)

Able to give all three variables accurately and correctly. Sample answer: Manipulated variables: different types of metals Responding variables: reactivity Constant variables : size of metals Able to give any two variables correctly Able to give any one variables correctly No response given / wrong response 3

2 1 0

(e)

Able to write all the procedures correctly Sample answer: 1. Cut a small piece of metal X using a knife and a forceps 2. Dry the oil using filter paper 3. Place metal X slowly onto water surface in a trough 4. Record your observations 5.Repeat using metals Y and Z Able to write adequate procedures Sample answer: Steps 1, steps 3 and steps 4 Able to write minimum procedures 2

Sample answer: Steps 1 and steps 3// Steps 3 only No response given / wrong response (f) Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following four information: 1. heading for the manipulated 2. all metals 3. heading for the responding variables 4. 2 x 4 / 4 x 2 tables Sample answer: metals Observation/reactivity X Y Z

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25

Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following information: 1. Heading for the manipulated and responding variables 2. 2 metals Sample answer elements observation X Y Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following information 1. heading for the manipulated/responding variable 2. 1 metal Sample answer Material/substance X No response given / wrong response 1 2

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26

2008 Kedah P3A2 Question 23 (a)

Explanation

Maximum score 3

[Able to write the problem statement of the experiment accurately] Sample answer: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ in reactivity with water? [Able to write the problem statement of the experiment correctly] Sample answer: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ in reactivity? [Able to write a relevant idea about the problem statement of the experiment//Able to write aim of experiment accurately] Sample answer: How do lithium, sodium and potassium differ?//To compare the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium when react with water. [No response given or wrong response] Question (b) [Able to state the hypothesis accurately] Suggested answers: The reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium towards water increases down the group // The reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium towards water increases down the group // The reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium towards water in increasing order is : Lithium, sodium and potassium [Able to the hypothesis of the experiment] The reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium are different. // The reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium towards oxygen/ halogen increases down the group [Able to state that there is a reaction between lithium /sodium / potassium and water] [No response given or wrong response] 1 0 2 3 Explanation 1

0 Maximum score

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27

MOZ@C

Question (c)

Explanation [Able to state the three variables correctly] Sample answer: Manipulated variable : Type of metal Responding variables : Reactivity of metal Fixed variables : Size of metal, [Able to state any two variables correctly.] [Able to state only one variables correctly] [No response given or wrong response]

Maximum score

2 1 0 Maximum score

Question (d)

Explanation [Able to state complete materials and apparatus] Sample answer: Materials: Lithium, sodium, potassium, water Apparatus: Basin/beaker, filter paper, pen knife/blade, forcep/tongs [Able to state any six materials and apparatus correctly.] [Able to state any three materials and apparatus correctly] [No response given or wrong response]

2 1 0 Maximum score

Question (e)

Explanation [Able to write the complete procedure of the experiment correctly] Suggested answer:
1.

A small piece of lithium is cut using a knife and a pair of forceps 3

2. The surface of lithium is dried with filter paper 3. The piece of lithium is placed on the surface of water in a trough 4. The movement of lithium and any sound/flame given out is

observed and recorded 5 Repeat the experiment using a small piece of sodium and potassium. [Able to write the necessary steps of the expeimental procedure] Steps 1, 3, 4 and 5 [Able to write the minimum experimental procedure] Steps 3 and 5 [No response given or wrong response] 2 1 0

Question (f)

Explanation [Able to construct a labeled tabulation of data ] Sample answer: Metal Observation

Maximum score

Lithium Sodium Potassium [Able to construct a tabulation of data ] Sample Metal answer: Observation 2

[Able to construct

a table consisting of two rows and two columns.] 1

[No response given or wrong response]

2008 SBP P3DE 24 (a) KK0510 - State variables EXPLANATION [Able to state the three variables correctly] Manipulated variable Responding variable: Fixed variable: Type of elements/metals Rate of reaction//Reactivity of the reaction Water, size of metal used 2 1 0 SCORE 3

[Able to state any two variables correctly] [Able to state any one variable correctly] No response given / wrong response

2 (b) KK051202 Stating hypothesis EXPLANATION [Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable correctly] Suggested answer: The metal which is below in Group 1 is more reactive the reaction with water//The lower the metal in Group 1 the more reactive the reaction with water [Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variablebut in the opposite direction] Suggested answer: The more reactive the reaction, the lower the position of the metal in Group 1 [Able to state an idea of the hypothesis] Suggested answer: Metals in Group 1 can react with water No response given / wrong response 0 1 2 SCORE 3

(c) KK0509 Operational definition EXPLANATION [Able to state the operational definition accurrately] Suggested answer: The metal that reacts more vigorously with water is a more reactive metal [Able to give the operational definition correctly but inaccurrate] Suggested answer: The metals can react with water at a different rate. [Able to state an idea of the operational definition] Suggested answer: Metals can react with water. No response given / wrong response (d) KK0504 Making inference EXPLANATION [Able to state the inference accurately] Suggested answer: The solution produced is a strong alkali. [Able to state the inference correctly] Suggested answer: The solution produced is an alkali. [Able to give idea for inference] The metals dissolve in water. No response given / wrong response 0 1 2 SCORE 3 0 1 2 SCORE 3

(e) KK0507- Making relationship EXPLANATION [Able to state the relationship accurrately] Suggested answer: The lower the position of the metal in Group 1, the higher the reactivity of the metal towards water. [Able to state the relationship correctly but less accurrate] Suggested answer: The reactivity of the metals is inversely proportional to their position in the group. [Able to state an idea of a relationship] Suggested answer: Position of metals affect the reactivity No response given / wrong response 0 1 2 SCORE 3

(f) KK 0508 Interpreting Data EXPLANATION [Able to arrange the metals in descending order based on their reactivity] Rb, K, Na, Li [Able to arrange the metals in ascending order based on their reactivity] Li, Na, K, Rb [Able to arrange the position of at least three metals in descending order based on ther reactivity] No response given / wrong response 0 1 2 SCORE 3

2009 Johore P3ES Question No. 25(a) Rubric Able to state the inference correctly. Sample answer: The reactivity (of alkali metals with oxygen) increase from lithium to potassium. // Lithium, sodium and potassium / alkali metals show similar chemical in their reactions with oxygen. Able to state the inference less correctly. Sample answer: The reactivity increase // All metals burns produced white fume and white solid // Going down group I the reactivity increase. Able to state any idea of inference. Sample answer: Lithium, sodium and potassium show different reactivity // Potassium, Sodium, lithium Increase 1 2 3 Score

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (b)

Rubric Able to state the three variables correctly: 1. Method to manipulate variable. 2. The responding variable. 3. The controlled variable. Sample answer: (i) Use different types of (alkali)/(group 1) metals

Score

3 (ii) Reactivity of metals with oxygen // Vigorousness of the reaction between metals and oxygen. (iii) Oxygen gas // size / mass of metal

Able to state any two variables correctly: Able to state any one variable correctly.

2 1

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (c)

Rubric Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated variable and the responding variable. Sample answer: (The lower/higher the position of metal in)/(Going down/up) Group 1, the more/less reactive is the metal in reaction with oxygen. // The lower/higher the position of metals in group 1, the lower/higher is the reactivity. The metal which is lower / upper in Group 1 is more/less reactive in reaction with oxygen. // The lower/higher the metal in Group 1 the more/less reactive the reaction with oxygen.

Score

Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable. Sample answer: Reactivity increases for the reaction between alkali metals and oxygen when going down Group 1/ from lithium to potassium. // (The lower/higher the position of metal in)/(Going down/up) Group 1, the more/less reactive. // The metal which is lower/upper in Group 1 is more/less reactive // The lower/higher the metal in Group 1 the more/less reactive the reaction. // The more reactive the reaction, the lower the position of the metal in Group 1. Able to state the idea of hypothesis. Sample Answer: Metals in Group 1 can react with oxygen. // Alkali metals have different reactivity. No response or wrong response 0

Question No. 1 (d)

Rubric Able to give the operational definition accurately by stating the following three information. alkali metals vigorously / more vigorous / reactive with oxygen more / highly reactive

Score

Sample answer: An alkali metal that reacts more vigorously with oxygen is a more reactive metal.

Able to give the operational definition correctly by stating any two of the information above. Sample answer: The metal that reacts more vigorously with oxygen is a more reactive metal. // 2 The alkali metal that reacts more vigorously is a more reactive metal. // The higher/lower the alkali metals, the more/less reactive metal.

Able to give the operational definition correctly by stating any one of the information above. Sample answer: 1 Alkali metals can react with oxygen. // Metals can react vigorously with oxygen.

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (e)(i)

Rubric Able to state the position of metal X in Group 1 accurately. Sample answer: Period 5/6/7 Able to make a prediction of the position of metal X in Group 1 less accurately. Sample answer: Below /under potassium // Lower than potassium Able to make any prediction of the position of metal X in Group 1.

Score

Sample answer: In group 1 // Upper than Li/Na/K // Lower than Li/ Na

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (e)(ii)

Rubric Able to arrange the metals in ascending order based on their reactivity. Sample answer: Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, X // Li, Na, K, X Able to arrange any three of the metals in ascending order based on their reactivity. Sample answer: X, Li, Na, K // Li, K, Na, X // K, Li, Na, X // Na, Li, K, X // Na, K, Li, X // Li, X, Na, K Able to arrange any two of the metals in ascending order based on their reactivity or arrange in descending order. Sample answer: X, K, Li, Na // X, Li, Na , K // K, X, Na, Li // X, Na, K, Li // X, K, Na, Li // K, X, Na, Li Na, K, Li ,X

Score

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (f)

Rubric Able to state the relationship between the mass of sodium and the time taken for the metal to burn completely in oxygen gas.

Score 3

the higher the mass / the bigger the size the longer the time taken burn completely

Sample answer: The higher the mass of metals, the longer the time taken to burn completely. // The bigger the size of metals, the longer the time taken to burn completely. Able to state the relationship between the mass of sodium and the time taken for the metal to burn completely in oxygen gas. Sample answer: The higher the mass of metals the longer the time taken. // More mass more time to burn completely // Able to state the relationship between the mass of sodium and the time taken for the metal to burn completely in oxygen gas. Sample answer: Bigger mass burns longer. // The metals needs longer time // More mass more time to burn. 1 2

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (g)

Rubric Able to record all the readings with one decimal place accurately. Sample answer:

Score

10.1 , 10.6, 10.9 Able to record any two readings with one decimal place accurately. Sample answer: 10.1, 10.6, 10.8 // 10.1 , 10.5, 10.9 // 10.0, 10.6, 10.9 2

Able to record at least one reading with one decimal place accurately. Sample answer: 10.1 // 10.6 // 10.9 1

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (h)

Rubric Able to state observations for blue and red litmus paper correctly. Sample answer: Solutions Gas Jar I Gas Jar II Gas Jar III Red litmus paper Turns blue Turns blue Turns blue Blue litmus paper No change No change No change

Score

Able to state any one of the litmus paper observations correctly. Sample answer: Solutions Gas Jar I Gas Jar II Gas Jar III // Solutions Gas Jar I Gas Jar II Gas Jar III Red litmus paper Turns blue Turns blue Turns blue Red litmus paper Turns red Turns red Turns red Blue litmus paper Turns red Turns red Turns red Blue litmus paper No change No change No change

Able to give an idea on litmus paper observations. Sample answer: Solutions Gas Jar I Gas Jar II Gas Jar III Red litmus paper No change No change No change Blue litmus paper Turns blue Turns blue Turns blue 1

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (i)

Rubric Able to write the two balanced chemical equations for the reaction accurately. Sample answer : i. 4Na + O2 2Na2O 2NaOH and

Score

ii. Na2O + H2O

Notes: Sodium can be replaced with any alkali metals from Table 1.

Able to write two chemical equations with correct chemical formulae but not balanced // Any one of the two balanced chemical equations for the reaction accurately. Sample answer: i. ii. i. ii. Na + O2 Na2O and NaOH 2Na2O 2NaOH // // 2

Na2O + H2O 4Na + O2

Na2O + H2O

Able to give at least one chemical formulae of the substances correct // Able to write any one of the two chemical equations with correct chemical formulae but not balanced . Sample answer: i. ii. i. Na // O2 // Na2O NaOH Na2O NaOH 0 // and 1

Na2O // H2O // Na + O2

ii. Na2O + H2O

No response or wrong response

Question No. 1 (j)

Rubric Able to classify all alkaline solutions into strong alkali and one weak alkali correctly. Sample answer: Strong alkali : Sodium hydroxide / NaOH, Potassium hydroxide / KOH

Score

Weak alkali : Ammonia solution/ NH3 Calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2 Able to classify any two of strong alkali and one weak alkali correctly. Sample answer: Strong alkali : Sodium hydroxide / NaOH, Potassium hydroxide / KOH Weak alkali : Ammonia solution / NH3 Able to classify any one of strong alkali and weak alkali correctly. Sample answer: Strong alkali : Sodium hydroxide / NaOH // Potassium hydroxide / KOH // Calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2 // Weak alkali : Ammonia solution / NH3 1 2

No response or wrong response

2010 Terengganu P3ES2 Question Rubric Able to state the two observation correctly Sample answer: 1. Burns very rapidly // burns vigorously 2. produces white fumes Able to state any one answer correctly Able to give an idea of the observation Sample answer: Burns // white solid // produces solid // burns rapidly Score 3

26 (a)

No response give // wrong response

Question

(b)

Rubric Able to state the relationship correctly Sample answer: Going down the Group 1 element, the reactivity towards oxygen increase. Able to state the relationship less accurately Sample answer: Different type of Group 1 element, different reactivity towards oxygen. Able to give an idea of relationship Sample answer: Position of Group 1 element affected the reactivity. No response give // wrong response

Score 3

Question

(c)

Rubric Able to give the inference correctly Sample answer: Alkaline solution produced. Able to give the inference less accurately Sample answer: Lithium hydroxide formed Able to give an idea of the inference Sample answer: Alkali metal No response give // wrong response

Score 3

Question

(d)

Rubric Able to predict the position of X metal in the periodic table correctly Sample answer: Between potassium and lithium // below lithium and above potassium Able to predict the position of X metal in the periodic table less accurately Sample answer: Below lithium // above potassium Able to state an idea of the position of X metal in the periodic table. Sample answer:

Score 3

Group 1 element No response give // wrong response

Question

(e)

Rubric Able to classify all the ions correctly Sample answer: Cation Anion Lithium ion // Li+ Hydroxide ion // OHHydrogen ion // H+ Able to classify any two ions correctly Able to classify one ion correctly or give opposite heading No response give // wrong response

Score 3

2 1 0

2010 SBP P3ES Q No. Rubric / Sample answers Able to state hyphotesis accurately 27 1(a) Sample answer : metal which is lower down in group 1 is more reactive towards oxygen // X is more reactive than sodium and lithium towards oxygen Able to state the inference less accurately Sample answer : Reactivity towards oxygen increases when going down group 1// sodium is more reactive than lithium towards oxygen Able to state the idea of inference Sample answer : metal can react with oxygen No response given / wrong response 1(b) Able to record the observation correctly Sample answer : metal X burns more vigourously and produces white fumes Able to record observation less correctly Sample answer : metal X burns vigourously and produces white fumes Able to state an idea of observation Sample answer : metal X burns in oxygen //produces white fumes No response given / wrong response Able to construct a table with the following aspect correctly 1. title 2. observation sample answer : Set observation I Lithium burns slowly and produces white fumes II Sodium burns vigourously and produces white fumes III Metal X burns burns vigourously and produces white fumes Able to construct a table less accurately Set observation I Lithium burns slowly and produces white fumes II Sodium burns vigourously and produces white fumes III Metal X burns burns vigourously and produces white fumes

Score 3

1 0 3 2 1 0

1(c)