Pinsrit+ivi: A Mi+non ion UNiionx Riron+iNo oi

Gnin RiiiNixiN+ S+iniis

P.+nitx J. Ro.tni
JoinN.i oi Fiiins ENoiNiiniNo
Sir+ixnin 1994
Presented By: Steven Brus
AME40510: Introduction to Numerical Methods
May 4, 2011
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 1 / 9
Qi.N+iiit.+ioN oi UNtin+.iN+v
Calculations must be veried to determine their accuracy
Vericationsolving governing equations right
Accomplished through systematic grid renement studies
Performance reports are often inconsistent and confusing
Paper purposes a Grid Convergence Index (GCI) to uniformly
report results of grid renements studies
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 2 / 9
Ritn.nnsoN Ex+n.roi.+ioN
GCI method relies on the theory of Richardson Extrapolation
Used to give an error estimate for a solution computed with a
certain grid
Requires two solutions:
f
1
ne grid solution with grid spacing h
1
f
2
coarse grid solution with grid spacing h
2
Assumed series representation for discrete solution f
f = f
exact
+ g
1
h + g
2
h
2
+ g
3
h
3
+ . . . (1)
Generalization for p
th
order methods and r valued grid ratio
(h
2
/h
1
)
f
exact
f
1
+
f
1
f
2
r
p
1
(correction to ne grid) (2)
f
exact
f
2
+
(f
1
f
2
)r
p
r
p
1
(correction to coarse grid) (3)
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 3 / 9
GCI ion Co.nsi .Nn FiNi Gnin Soii+ioNs
Coarse Grid
E
coarse grid
=
||r
p
r
p
1
(4)
GCI
coarse grid
=
3||r
p
r
p
1
(5)
Fine Grid
E
ne grid
=
||
r
p
1
(6)
GCI
ne grid
=
3||
r
p
1
(7)
fractional deviation : =
f
2
f
1
f
1
(8)
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 4 / 9
Asvxr+o+it R.Noi
For the GCI to be valid, both grids
must be in the asymptotic range
To ensure this, 3 grids must be
computed:
f
3
(coarse)
f
2
(intermediate)
f
1
(ne)
This yields 2 GCIs:
f
1
, f
2
GCI
12
f
2
, f
3
GCI
23
The asymptotic range has been
achieved if
GCI
23
r
p
GCI
12
(9)
log(e)
log(h)
1
p
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 5 / 9
Ex.xrii
Steady State Burgers Equation (for Re = 1000)
u
du
dx
+
1
Re
d
2
u
dx
2
= 0 u(0) = 1 u(1) = 0 (10)
Second order centered dierences on a uniform grid, p = 2
Evaluate f =
du
dx
at x = 1, r = 1.25
Fine grid (2000 cells): f
1
= 529.41
Coarse grid (1600 cells): f
2
= 544.48
Exact solution: f
exact
= 500
|| = 100%
f
2
f
1
f
1
= 2.85% (11)
(r
p
1) = (1.25
2
1) = 0.5625 (12)
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 6 / 9
Ex.xrii: FiNi Gnin
Richardson Extrapolation error estimator
E
ne grid
=
||
r
p
1
=
2.85%
0.5625
= 5.07% (13)
Grid Convergence Index
GCI
ne grid
=
3||
r
p
1
=
3 2.85%
0.5625
= 15.20% (14)
Exact ne grid error
A = 100%
|f
1
f
exact
|
f
exact
= 100%
| 529.41 + 500.0|
500.0
= 5.88% (15)
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 7 / 9
Ex.xrii: Co.nsi Gnin
Richardson Extrapolation error estimator
E
coarse grid
=
||r
p
r
p
1
=
2.85% 1.25
2
0.5625
= 7.92% (16)
Grid Convergence Index
GCI
ne grid
=
3||r
p
r
p
1
=
3 2.85% 1.25
2
0.5625
= 23.75% (17)
Exact coarse grid error
A = 100%
|f
2
f
exact
|
f
exact
= 100%
| 544.48 + 500.0|
500.0
= 8.90% (18)
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 8 / 9
CoNtiisioN
GCI is a conservative error band whereas Richardson
Extrapolation error estimator is not
Allows the results of grid renement studies to be uniformly
interpreted
Non-integer grid renement can be used (r = 1.1 minimum)
Can be applied a posteriori by editors and reviewers
S+iviN Bnis (AME40510) On.i Riron+ M.v 4, 2011 9 / 9