Victoria University of Bangladesh

Case Study On Culture, Governance and Underdevelopment

Submitted To: anuel !o"ario rince Course #ecturer Vcitoria University of Bangladesh

Submitted by: $ansura $ahin Samia ,-htar Sultana ,no.ar /ossain !obiul /ossain $&0 Sha-ir /asan 1lis %&: ''()'*+(' %&: ''()'**'' %&: ''()'*+)' %&: ''()'**)' %&: ''()'*+*'

Batch '*th rogram BB, Summer 2('( &ate of Submission: 23th ,ugust, 2('( Victoria University of Bangladesh0

#etter of Submission Dated: August 25th, 2010 Panuel Rozario Prince Course Lecturer Department of usiness Administration !ictoria "ni#ersit$ of angladesh% &u'(ect: &u'mission of Case stud$ on )Culture, *o#ernance and "nderde#elopment+% &ir, ,ere is our case stud$ on )Culture, *o#ernance and "nderde#elopment+ that $ou ha#e as-ed us to prepare and su'mit as a part of our course curriculum% .hile /riting this case /e ha#e gone through $our lecture sheet and 'oo-s also ha#e searched internet for the rele#ant information for the assignment topic% .e hope this assignment /ill meet the least standard set '$ $ou and /ill carr$ some merit% Please let us -no/ if $ou ha#e an$ 0uestion regarding this term paper% 1ours sincerel$, 2ansura 2ahin &amia A-htar &ultana Ano/ar ,ossain Ro'iul ,ossain 2D% &ha-ir ,asan 7lis atch 15th Program A &ummer 2010 !ictoria "ni#ersit$ of angladesh% 3D: 110415601 3D: 110415511 3D: 110415641 3D: 110415541 3D: 110415651

Introduction
.e understand culture as 8structured space8 for the transformation of the person from a 'iological 'eing to a spiritual 'eing% ut it9s also the culture that causes differences to destruction% :n the other hand culture gi#es people their o/n identit$ as the people of a particular region% ;he article /ritten '$ ;a( 3% ,ashmi on Culture, *o#ernance and "nderde#elopment discusses the pro'lems of culture and ho/ angladesh is affected '$ it% ,o/e#er Culture is essential for human 'eing% As from learning the past it is seen that /hene#er culture has 'een a#oided it created /ars% De#elopment is al/a$s against culture and /hene#er de#elopment is tried it has /rec-ed people9s hearts% ut that doesn9t mean /e shouldn9t de#elop, there are other /a$s of de#eloping /ithout changing the culture% 3t is people /ho together ma-e culture% 3t is up to them to decide% ;o ma-e them decide the 'est it is necessar$ to ma-e them /orth$ of deciding% ;his is /here the go#ernment appears% A good go#ernment /ill prepare the countr$9s people to decide for themsel#es, /hich angladesh lac- #er$ much% Regular changes of go#ernment and the inner clashes are a hindrance in the /a$ of de#elopment% &o, as for us, /e could stand '$ the culture and 'lame the go#ernment for creating anarch$% ut the go#ernment is created '$ us% ;he people in go#ernment are one of us% &o, in the end it is entirel$ our fault for ha#ing so man$ pro'lems in front of our /a$ of de#elopment% 2a$ 'e 'etter go#ernment /ould ma-e a 'etter countr$, 'etter people, ma$ 'e /e could change our culture and free oursel#es from 'eing contented, ma$ 'e /e could li#e in a de#eloped countr$, 'ut isn9t this our #er$ o/n responsi'ilit$ to /or- a /a$ out and ma-e all these come true<

Argument
;here are all the positi#e things that the article lac-ed of% =or e>ample, Culture represents the accumulated tradition of a particular communit$ of people% ?ot onl$ the indi#idual elements of this tradition @ information, e>perience, -no/ledge, #alues @ 'ut a'o#e all the s$stems of their unification are irreplacea'le for a person% ;he specific ness of a gi#en culture is coded in this unification% .e cannot 'ase the maintenance, de#elopment and passing on of e>isting e>perience onl$ on rationalit$: 6

the integrit$ of cultural information is secured '$ /ise people, people /ith li#el$ intuition and imagination @ as sho/n '$ man$ simple people and some artists, priests, philosophers and the prophets, /hose 'eha#ior and li#es present spiritual and moral #alues no less important than the disco#eries of science% Culture is the unif$ing element of human e>istence% Culture represents as great a stoc- of information accumulated '$ selection as an$ animal species% Conser#ati#e preser#ation of that /hich /as successfull$ tried innumera'le times in the past is an essential mechanism, /hich fulfills a role in the cultural e#olution and culti#ation of humanit$ compara'le to the role of the genome in the de#elopment of species AB% LorenzC% ;his does not mean that culture is directed to/ards the past% Duite the oppositeE Culture ena'les us to ta-e up a position appropriate to the human essence to/ards current historical processes% 2an does not li#e onl$ in his ph$sical /orld, 'ut also in a s$m'olic /orld @ a /orld of meanings, relationships and #alues, shaped into languages, m$ths, arts and religions% 3n accordance /ith the de#elopment of human thin-ing and e>perience, this net/or- 'ecomes e#er finer and firmer% :n the one hand, it protects the person against contact /ith an often dangerous realit$, and on the other, it de#elops his conceptual thin-ing A7% CassirerC% ;he creation of s$m'ols, conceptual thin-ing and s$ntactic language opened the possi'ilit$ of /idening and passing on indi#idual e>periences% ;his creates the possi'ilit$ of accumulating traditions, /hich is the 'asis for the de#elopment of man and culture% 3n e#er$ culture, a s$stem of organized structures for the most #aried learning and picturing processes is a pre@ condition for mutual understanding% 3t ena'les e>change of information Aits form and contentC and creates a communication space, /hich secures the certaint$ of sur#i#al% ;his s$stem @ although /e do not al/a$s full$ realize it @ has its 'asis in the ps$cho@ph$sical and muscular characteristics of the person% .ithout -no/ledge and tolerance to/ards these characteristics, contact 'et/een mem'ers of different cultures and communities is practicall$ impossi'le% 3t is generall$ recognized that the /orld has se#eral large cultural areas, /hich are further di#ided into cultures, su'@cultures and local #ariants% !arious cultures represent independent integrated s$stems% ;he #ariet$ of the genesis of s$m'ols, their structuring, and the method of their arrangement and so on stimulated the origin of hierarchicall$ organized /holes% 2em'ership of #arious le#els of these /holes creates the space for social identification% 5

Summary
.e sound the alarms a'out political, ecological and economic pro'lems, and do not realize that the$ are the result of the le#eling and reductions tendencies of our thin-ing, and in the end flo/ from a crisis of culture% :ur pride does not allo/ us to see that /hat /e called the 8all@sided and harmonious de#elopment of man8 is his one@ sided de#elopment% .e emphasize tendencies to/ards profit, appropriation, influence, po/er o#er others and o#er nature, 'ut not to/ards master$ of oursel#es, to a primar$ interest in our o/n spiritual de#elopment, oriented to/ards mutual cooperation in a particular societ$% .e are ruled '$ anal$ticall$ oriented science, /hich ena'les #ictories in limited areas, 'ut its ra$ of light is too narro/ to illuminate the li#ing space of man-ind in its entiret$, /ith its s$nergetic lin-s and intuiti#e connections% 2an-ind is losing the spell of his man$@sided personalit$, rationalit$ is suppressing emotionalit$, creati#it$ and intuition, anal$sis is 'ecoming the decisi#e mental operation, and its partial successes confirm man in the conceit that he is reall$ 8,omo sapiens8% .e are proud of our education% .e canonize school as an educational institution, in spite of the fact that it does not orient us to/ards the 'asic attri'utes of the culture of 'eha#iors, inter@personal relations, culti#ation of consciousness, thought, communication or language% &chool prepares us more or less onl$ for our economic success% .hen understanding and directing comple> d$namic s$stems, /e attempt to appl$ conceptual schemes and methods from the area of simpler static s$stems, directing oursel#es according to the principle that a 'ird in the hand is 'etter than t/o in the 'ush% ;he result is the fact that man$ things escape from our hands, /e do not guess their effects, and a proclaimed #ictor$ is finall$ a catastrophic defeat% Confronted /ith the 2oloch of information and glo'al pro'lems, man-ind 'ecomes insignificant, po/erless and disoriented% Archaic structures of human 'eings come to the surface, and in certain circumstances ma$ manifest themsel#es /ith une>pected 'rutalit$% A person #er$ easil$ resigns his 87go8 in fa#or of anon$mous authorit$, resign the elementar$ postulates of humanism from fear of 'eing left in isolation% 3s a situation, /hich so deforms the learning and e>perience of the person, his orientation and #alues, still culture< 3s it not more a 8pseudo@culture8, /hich is 'ecoming a motor of in#olution instead of the original mechanism securing the e#olution of man<

Critics of the Argument

:ne of the most important tas-s of societ$ should 'e to secure transformation of the indi#idual @ the natural person @ into the spiritual person, the moral personalit$, /ho should 'e a'le to see himself and his acti#it$ in the conte>t of organisms and s$stems of a higher order% ,o/e#er, this means that essentiall$ cultural processes must 'e educational Ain the 'roadest sense of the /ordC processes, /hich should @ among other things @ include stimuli leading to altruism, solidarit$, creati#e /or-, dialogue, /hich condition the meaning of human e>istence% ;his creates the pre@condition for disco#ering and assigning oneself in relation to the positi#e processes of e>istence and Cosmo genesis% 3n the frame/or- of culture, not onl$ the indi#idual, 'ut also other structures of the social macro@ organism, should progress to/ards spiritual maturit$, since culture should pla$ the role of a regulator of societal processes and an integrati#e factor in societ$% Culture cannot 'e narro/ed onl$ to cultural@artistic acti#it$F it cannot 'e di#ided into 8higher8 and 8lo/er8, or loo-ed at onl$ through the prism of its economic contri'utions% 3t is necessar$ to understand it as perception of the /orld, a /a$ of thin-ing, feeling and 'eha#ing, together /ith their results in the form of the material creations of human acti#it$ and acti#ities directed out/ards or to/ards the interior of the person% Culture is a multi@dimensional, closel$ interconnected s$stem% ;he tearing a/a$, neglect or li0uidation of indi#idual elements of the s$stem ma$ lead to its paral$sis or deformation, and to the destruction of the s$stem as a /hole% ;herefore, it is necessar$ to realize that the present crisis in societ$ is not onl$ an economic and ecological crisis, 'ut a'o#e all a cultural crisis% 3t is necessar$ to /orout a conception of cultural reform, /hich /ould ena'le a comprehensi#e solution of the pro'lems mentioned a'o#e% 3t is important to o#ercome the stage of spontaneit$, groping and impro#isation% Remaining in this stage /ill onl$ deepen the crisis further% 3t is important to gi#e culture a place on the pedestal, /hich 'elongs to it: a'o#e parties, a'o#e science, a'o#e the indi#idual% 3t is important to protect culture @ as a phenomenon conditioning the further e>istence of humanit$ @ /ith formal guarantees: concei#ing and adopting a Charter of Culture, an Act on Culture, gi#ing it an appropriate place in constitutions% ,o/e#er, in an$ case, it is important to act 0uic-l$ and energeticall$ @ perhaps it is not too late, perhaps e#er$thing is not lost% G