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Momentum
10 m/s A After the collision A B
B v u
What is the velocity of ball A after the collision? ball B? What is conserved during the collision? MOMENTUM
r r p = mv
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The total momentum is the sum of momentum of ball A and momentum of ball B.
Momentum
r r p = mv
m Av A,i = m Av + m B u
10 m/s
B u
Momentum is a vector. It has the same direction as corresponding velocity. General expression for the momentum conservation: the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision
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Momentum
r r p = mv
General expression for the momentum conservation: the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision A
r v A,i r v B ,i
r v A, f r vB, f
B
r r r r m Av A,i + m B v B ,i = m Av A, f + m B v B , f
Usually this equation is written in terms of components.
Example:
A 10 m/s B
m A = 1kg
m B = 4kg
After the collision the balls are moving together (have the same velocity). What is their velocity? A B v
Momentum before the collision: Momentum after the collision: Conservation of momentum:
pi = m Av A ,i
kg m = 10 s
p f = ( m A + m B )v = 5v pi = p f
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10 = 5v
v = 2m / s
Acceleration:
Then
r Fnet
r r Fnet = ma r r dv a= dt r r r dv d ( mv ) dp =m = = dt dt dt
t2
momentum
After integration
r r p = Fnet dt
t1
r Fnet ( t )
curve.
r r J = Fnet dt
t1
t2
It is called IMPULSE, J.
The impulse of the force is equal to the change of the momentum of r r the object. 7
p = J
pi = mvix p f = mv fx < 0
J x = p f pi < 0
t2
Fx ,1on 2 = Fx ,2 on1
Then
F
t1
t2
x ,1 on 2
dt = Fx ,2 on1dt
t1
t2
m2 v fx ,2 m2 vix ,2 = m1v fx ,1 m1vix ,1 m1vix ,1 + m2 vix ,2 = m1v fx ,1 + m2 v fx ,2 pix ,1 + pix ,2 = p fx ,1 + p fx ,2 pix ,total = p fx ,total
The law of conservation of momentum
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Momentum
The law of conservation of momentum:
r r p = mv
The total momentum of an isolated system (no external forces) does not change. Interactions within system do not change the systems total momentum
isolated system
r v A,i r v B ,i
r v A, f r vB, f
B
r r r r m Av A,i + m B v B ,i = m Av A, f + m B v B , f
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Momentum
The ball is dropped onto a hard floor:
r r p = mv
The ball is not an isolated system (interaction with the floor) no conservation of momentum for the ball Initial momentum is
r r pi = mvi
r r p f = mv f
The ball+ the floor is an isolated system The total momentum (ball+floor) is conserved
r vf
r vi
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Example: Find
v2 x
Isolated system Motion with constant acceleration: Momentum before the collision:
( v1 x , B )2 = 2a x x1 = 16
v1 x , B = 4m / s
pi ,total = m B v1 x , B + mC v1 x ,C = m B v1 x , B = 75 4 = 300
Momentum after the collision:
kg m s
p f ,total = m B v 2 x , B + mC v2 x ,C = ( m B + mC )v 2 x = 100v 2 x
Conservation of momentum:
p f ,total = pi ,total
100v 2 x = 300 v 2 x = 3m / s
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Perfectly inelastic collision: A collision in which the two objects stick together and move with a common final velocity.
pi ,total = m1vix ,1 + m2 v ix ,2
General Principles
General Principles
Important Concepts
Important Concepts
Applications
Applications
Chapter 9. Questions
A 10 g rubber ball and a 10 g clay ball are thrown at a wall with equal speeds. The rubber ball bounces, the clay ball sticks. Which ball exerts a larger impulse on the wall? A. They exert equal impulses because they have equal momenta. B. The clay ball exerts a larger impulse because it sticks. C. Neither exerts an impulse on the wall because the wall doesnt move. D. The rubber ball exerts a larger impulse because it bounces.
A 10 g rubber ball and a 10 g clay ball are thrown at a wall with equal speeds. The rubber ball bounces, the clay ball sticks. Which ball exerts a larger impulse on the wall? A. They exert equal impulses because they have equal momenta. B. The clay ball exerts a larger impulse because it sticks. C. Neither exerts an impulse on the wall because the wall doesnt move. D. The rubber ball exerts a larger impulse because it bounces.
Objects A and C are made of different materials, with different springiness, but they have the same mass and are initially at rest. When ball B collides with object A, the ball ends up at rest. When ball B is thrown with the same speed and collides with object C, the ball rebounds to the left. Compare the velocities of A and C after the collisions. Is vA greater than, equal to, or less than vC?
A. vA > vC B. vA < vC C. vA = vC
Objects A and C are made of different materials, with different springiness, but they have the same mass and are initially at rest. When ball B collides with object A, the ball ends up at rest. When ball B is thrown with the same speed and collides with object C, the ball rebounds to the left. Compare the velocities of A and C after the collisions. Is vA greater than, equal to, or less than vC?
A. vA > vC B. vA < vC C. vA = vC
The two particles are both moving to the right. Particle 1 catches up with particle 2 and collides with it. The particles stick together and continue on with velocity vf. Which of these statements is true?
A. vf = v2. B. vf is less than v2. C. vf is greater than v2, but less than v1. D. vf = v1. E. vf is greater than v1.
The two particles are both moving to the right. Particle 1 catches up with particle 2 and collides with it. The particles stick together and continue on with velocity vf. Which of these statements is true?
A. vf = v2. B. vf is less than v2. C. vf is greater than v2, but less than v1. D. vf = v1. E. vf is greater than v1.
An explosion in a rigid pipe shoots out three pieces. A 6 g piece comes out the right end. A 4 g piece comes out the left end with twice the speed of the 6 g piece. From which end does the third piece emerge?
A. Right end B. Left end
An explosion in a rigid pipe shoots out three pieces. A 6 g piece comes out the right end. A 4 g piece comes out the left end with twice the speed of the 6 g piece. From which end does the third piece emerge?
A. Right end B. Left end