Magnifying Instruments They are used to observe tiny objects, which we cannot see clearly with our eyes.

Common magnifying instruments are hand lenses and microscopes. Hand lenses They are convex lenses, which are used to enlarge small objects. They should be placed a short distance from the eye and the object under investigation. The object should be moved towards the lens until the enlarged image can be seen clearly. A typical hand lens has a magnifying power of ten i.e. the image of object is 10 times larger

Magnification =

Size of Image Size of Object

Microscopes icroscopes enable us to see much smaller objects e.g. !acteria, "roto#oa, etc. $xamples are% i. ii. &ight microscope $lectronic microscope

The width of objects seen though the light microscope is measured in micrometer. '( m) A micrometer e*uals 1+ 1,000 of a millimetre 'mm) 1000 mm , 1m 1000 (m , 1mm 1,000,000 (m , 1m -or white tiny objects we use on even smaller unit called Anemometer , 1+ 1,000,000 of a millimetre '10) 1 million manometers , 1mm '10) 1 billion manometers , 1m An electron microscope is used to see small objects that are too small to be seen with a light microscope e.g. virus. Parts of a light microscope

Functions of the parts of a light microscope 1. Eye piece lens; this lens magnifies objects, it can be removed and replaced with another of different magnification .. Object lens; this is the lens that is closer to the stage where objects to be observed are placed. /bjective lens can be removed and replaced with others of different magnification. 0. Iris diaphragm; 1t regulates the amount of light entering the microscope. 2. Mirror; it directs light through the microscope 3. Nosepiece; this is where objective lenses are fixed. 1t can be rotated to change from one objective to the other. The nosepiece is also called the turret. 4. Stage; this is a platform on which the specimen is placed. /n the stage are dips which hold the slide and to which the specimen is placed. The stage has an opening that admits light. 5. rm; it supports the body tube and focusing adjustments. each other. 8. "oarse and fine adjustment #nobs; they are used for focusing. The coarse adjustment 7nob moves the stage up and down to allow focusing. 1t is used with low power objective lens. The fine adjustment 7nob moves the stage up and down slightly to allow exact focusing. 1t is used with high power objective lens. 10. Foot$base; 1t supports the whole microscope. 6. !ody tube; 1t holds eyepiece and objective lenses at a proper wor7ing distance from