Ten years ago, the scene of international negotiations about climate changes was very hopeful.

Kyoto Protocol had just been signed (1998), bringing then main emitters of greenhouse gases to an ambient of clean development promotion and commitment with the emissions passive, at the same time that it created tempting incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions as they industrialize. But since then emerging countries have developed so fastly that China is nowadays the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases. In addition, the financial crisis of 2008 emerged and it affected mainly the richest countries. Based on this scenario and considering that the most developed countries are facing great problems of liquidity, they have begun to want to share the historic burden of emissions with the new emitters, while the latter still position as victims of an emitter development and claim the right to develop themselves. On this Monday, November 11st, in Warsaw, Poland, begins the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change which has as its most ambitious objective, to move forward toward a new multilateral and binding agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, which must be finished until 2015 (for signature at the 2015 Conference that will be held in Paris) to enter into force in 2020. Among the main problems is to set the criteria for establishing countries commitments. The search of financing so that the developing countries can face the climate change effects is another problem to be solved. There must be determined out of where the 100 billion dollars per year to be destined to the Green Climate Fund will come from. In this Convention, they will try to ratify the second period of commitment of the Kyoto Protocol which was agreed in 2012 at the meeting in Doha. This new commitment extends to 2020, but with the participation of few countries, basically EU, Australia, Norway and Croatia. They only represent 15% of global emissions, since Japan, Canada and Russia have left the Protocol and the United States, whose Congress has never ratified it. Brazil, according to Itamaraty (the Brazilian Foreign Affairs Ministry), will present two proposals at the conference. The first one is to request the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change) to create a methodology that calculates the historical guilt of each country in global warming. Brazilian diplomacy will call upon all countries involved in negotiations to consult each civil society about the emission reduction targets of greenhouse gases in order to legitimate the support of these stakeholders to the targets which must be undertaken by the governments.