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UNMOGIP
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
Mission time: 18:07:47, Tuesday

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Peacekeepers from the UNMOGIP observing the Line of Control that separates India and Pakistan, near Bhimbar UN Field Station, Pakistan.
20 October 2005 UN Photo/Evan Schneider

Mission facts

Location: The ceasefire line between India and Pakistan in the State of Jammu and Kashmir Headquarters: Islamabad (November-April) / Srinagar (May-October) Duration: January 1949 to present

Observing the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir

The first group of United Nations military observers arrived in the mission area on 24 January of 1949 to supervise the ceasefire between India and Pakistan in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. These observers, under the command of the Military Adviser appointed by the UN Secretary-General, formed the nucleus of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP).

Following renewed hostilities of 1971, UNMOGIP has remained in the area to observe developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and report thereon to the Secretary-General.

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Secretary-General Appoints Young-Bum Choi of Republic of Korea as Head of Mission, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (11 June 2012)
SG/A/1351-BIO/4375-PKO/312

Major General Raul Gloodtdofsky Fernandez of Uruguay Appointed Head of United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (23 December 2010)
SG/A/1273-BIO/4260-PKO/260

SECRETARY-GENERAL TO APPOINT MAJOR GENERAL KIM MOON HWA OF REPUBLIC OF KOREA CHIEF MILITARY OBSERVER OF UN MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (17 October 2008)
SG/A/1161-BIO/4036-PKO/195

MAJOR-GENERAL REPINC APPOINTED CHIEF MILITARY OBSERVER IN UN MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (12 December 2005)
SG/A/961-BIO/3719-PKO/125

MAJOR-GENERAL PALMIERI APPOINTED CHIEF MILITARY OBSERVER IN UN MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (30 August 2004)
SG/A/889-BIO/3595

AIDS IS A COMMON ENEMY THAT BOTH INDIA AND PAKISTAN HAVE TO FIGHT TOGETHER, SECRETARY-GENERAL SAYS IN MESSAGE TO CRICKET TEAMS (13 April 2004)
SG/SM/9254-AIDS/72

MAJOR-GENERAL PUONTI APPOINTED CHIEF MILITARY OBSERVER IN UNITED NATIONS MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (22 August 2002)
SG/A/815

SECRETARY-GENERAL CLARIFIES ROLE OF UNITED NATIONS MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (12 August 2002)
SG/SM/8335

MAJOR GENERAL HERMANN K. LOIDOLT APPOINTED CHIEF MILITARY OBSERVER IN UNITED NATIONS MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (19 July 2001)
SG/A/771

SECRETARY-GENERAL SADDENED BY EARTHQUAKE DEATHS IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (26 January 2001)
SG/SM/7690

SECRETARY-GENERAL INCREASINGLY CONCERNED AT REPEATED INCIDENTS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (10 August 99)
SG/SM/7092

SECRETARY-GENERAL HOPES LEADERS OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN WILL USE OCCASION OF SAARC MEETING IN COLOMBO TO RESUME POLITICAL DIALOGUE (28 July 98)
SG/SM/6655

SECURITY COUNCIL CONDEMNS NUCLEAR TESTS BY INDIA AND PAKISTAN (6 June 98)
SC/6528

FOREIGN MINISTER OF IRAN OUTLINES INITIATIVE TO REDUCE TENSION IN SOUTH ASIA AFTER NUCLEAR TESTS BY INDIA AND PAKISTAN (4 June 98)
DCF/338

CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT HEARS CALLS FOR INDIA AND PAKISTAN TO STOP THEIR NUCLEAR TESTS AND TO ACCEDE TO NON-PROLIFERATION TREATIES (3 June 98)
DCF/336

CONFERENCE ON DISARMAMENT CONTINUES DEBATE ON NUCLEAR TESTS IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (3 June 98)
DCF/337

SECRETARY-GENERAL SPEAKS WITH PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN (1 June 98)
SG/SM/6579

I"A DIRECTOR GENERAL, REGRETTING NUCLEAR TESTS BY INDIA AND PAKISTAN, CALLS FOR UTMOST RESTRAINT (29 May 98)
IAEA/1321

SECRETARY-GENERAL APPEALS TO INDIA AND PAKISTAN TO REDUCE TENSIONS IN REGION, ESPECIALLY IN KASHMIR (28 May 98)
SG/SM/6576

SECRETARY-GENERAL EXPRESSES HOPE FOR MEANINGFUL DIALOGUE BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (10 March 97)
SG/SM/6180

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UNMOGIP Background

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In August 1947, India and Pakistan became independent. Under the scheme of partition provided by the Indian Independence Act of 1947, Kashmir was free to accede to India or Pakistan. Its accession to India became a matter of dispute between the two countries and fighting broke out later that year.

Despite the disagreement between India and Pakistan over UNMOGIPs mandate and functions, the mission has remained in the area to observe the 1971 ceasefire arrangements.
In January 1948, the Security Council adopted resolution 39 (1948) , establishing the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) to investigate and mediate the dispute. In April 1948, by itsresolution 47 (1948) , the Council decided to enlarge the membership of UNCIP and to recommend various measures including the use of observers to stop the fighting. At the recommendation of UNCIP, the Secretary-General appointed the Military Adviser to support the Commission on military aspects and provided for a group of military observers to assist him. The first team of unarmed military observers, which eventually formed the nucleus of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), arrived in the mission area in January 1949 to supervise, in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the ceasefire between India and Pakistan and to assist the Military Adviser to UNCIP. The tasks of the observers, as defined by the Military Adviser, were to accompany the local authorities in their investigations, gather as much information as possible, and report as completely, accurately and impartially as possible. Any direct intervention by the observers between the opposing parties or any interference in the armies orders was to be avoid ed. These arrangements remained in effect until the conclusion of the Karachi Agreement on 27 July 1949 establishing a ceasefire line to be supervised by UN military observers. The Karachi Agreement specified that UNCIP would station observers where it deemed necessary, and that the ceasefire line would be verified mutually on the ground by local commanders on each side with the assistance of UN military observers. Disagreements were to be referred to the UNCIP Military Adviser, whose decision would be final. On 30 March 1951, following the termination of UNCIP, the Security Council, by its resolution 91 (1951) decided that UNMOGIP should continue to supervise the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir. UNMOGIP's functions were to observe and report, investigate complaints of ceasefire violations and submit its finding to each party and to the Secretary-General. At the end of 1971, hostilities broke out again between India and Pakistan. They started along the borders of East Pakistan and were related to the movement for independence which had developed in that region and which ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh. When a ceasefire came into effect on 17 December 1971, a number of positions on both sides of the 1949 ceasefire line had changed hands. The Security Council met on 12 December, and on 21 December adopted resolution 307 (1971) , by which it demanded that a durable ceasefire in all areas of conflict remain in effect until all armed forces had withdrawn to their respective territories and to positions which fully respected the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir supervised by UNMOGIP. In July 1972, India and Pakistan signed an agreement defining a Line of Control in Kashmir which, with minor deviations, followed the same course as the ceasefire line established by the Karachi Agreement in 1949. India took the position that the mandate of UNMOGIP had lapsed, since it related specifically to the ceasefire line under the Karachi Agreement. Pakistan, however, did not accept this position.

Given the disagreement between the two parties over UNMOGIP's mandate and functions, the Secretary-General's position has been that UNMOGIP could be terminated only by a decision of the Security Council. In the absence of such an agreement, UNMOGIP has been maintained with the same arrangements as established following December 1971 ceasefire. The tasks of UNMOGIP have been to observe, to the extent possible, developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and to report thereon to the Secretary-General. The military authorities of Pakistan have continued to lodge complaints with UNMOGIP about ceasefire violations. The military authorities of India have lodged no complaints since January 1972 and have restricted the activities of the UN observers on the Indian side of the Line of Control. They have, however, continued to provide accommodation, transport and other facilities to UNMOGIP.

NMOGIP Mandate
The first team of unarmed military observers, who eventually formed the nucleus of the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), arrived in the mission area in January 1949 to supervise, in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the ceasefire between India and Pakistan; and to assist the Military Adviser to the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP), established in 1948 by Security Council resolutions 39 (1948) and 47 (1948) . Following the India-Pakistan hostilities at the end of 1971 and a subsequent ceasefire agreement of 17 December of that year, the tasks of UNMOGIP have been to observe, to the extent possible, developments pertaining to the strict observance of the ceasefire of 17 December 1971 and to report thereon to the SecretaryGeneral. Given the disagreement between India and Pakistan about UNMOGIPs mandate and functions, the Secretary -Generals position has been that UNMOGIP can only be terminated by a decision of the Security Council. In the absence of such a decision, UNMOGIP has been maintained with those same arrangements since then.

UNMOGIP Leadership

Major General Young-Bum Chief Military Observer and Head of Mission

Biography of Young-Bum Choi

Choi

(Republic

of

Korea)

Letter dated 6 June 2012 from the President of the Security Council addressed to the Secretary-General [S/2012/419] Letter dated 6 June 2012 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council [S/2012/418]

UNMOGIP Facts and Figures

Strength
Current (31 July 2013)

39 military observers 25 international civilian personnel 46 local civilian staff

Country contributors
Military personnel Chile, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Sweden, Thailand, and Uruguay.

Fatalities

5 troops 1 military observer 2 international civilians* 3 local civilians* _____ 11 total

*NB: Statistics for international and local civilians are as of 30 June 2013

Financial aspects

Method of financing: United Nations regular budget Appropriations for biennium 2012 - 2013: $21,084,400 [A/RES/66/248 ]