Headquartered in Zuffenhausen, a city district of Stuttgart, Baden-Wrttemberg Owned by the Pich and Porsche fami ies, and !

!atar Ho dings, through the !atar "n#estment $uthority %&'()* $s of Se+tember ,'&&, !"$ owns -'*./( of the #oting rights in 0o 1swagen $2 and -'*&( of Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, which owns &''( of Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, the manufacturer of a range of s+orts cars and S30s* 4ounded as Dr. Ing. h. c. F. Porsche GmbH %which stands for Doktor Ingenieur honoris causa Ferdinand Porsche Aktiengesellschaft) in &5/& by 4erdinand Porsche, an $ustrian engineer born in 6affersdorf, and Porsche7s son-in- aw $nton Pich, an $ustrian awyer* 8he officia 9date of birth9 for the first Porsche is considered being :une ;, &5<;* Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG is res+onsib e for the actua +roduction and manufacture of the Porsche automobi e ine* "nitia y, the com+any offered motor #ehic e de#e o+ment wor1 and consu ting* One of the first assignments the new com+any recei#ed was from the 2erman go#ernment to design a car for the +eo+ e, a 2erman= Volkswagen*8his resu ted in the 0o 1swagen Beet e, one of the most successfu car designs of a time* 8he Porsche >< was de#e o+ed in &5/5 using many com+onents from the Beet e* 8he ?ada Samara was +art y de#e o+ed by Porsche in &5;<* 8he Lada Samara is an economy car +roduced by So#iet@Aussian #ehic e manufacturer $#to0$Z under the ?ada brand since &5;<* Porsche Bngineering 2rou+ a so he +ed Har ey-Ca#idson design the Ae#o ution >'-degree #-twin water-coo ed engine and gearboD that is used in their 0-Aod motorcyc e* 4erdinand Porsche started his Eob career with 0ereinigte B e1triFitGtswer1e Be a Bgger H Io* in 0ienna in the year &;5/* Short y before the turn of the century, 4erdinand Porsche started to wor1 for the ?ohner "m+eria Aoya Iourt Ioach 4actory in 0ienna* With his de#e o+ment of the whee -hub motor Porsche had the internationa audience at the Paris Wor d 4air stunned in the year &5''* "t was there that he +resented a #ehic e with four dri#en whee s= the first four-whee dri#e #ehic e in automoti#e history* "ncidenta y this construction +rinci+ e was used by J$S$ in their unar #ehic e .' years ater*

 4or the $ustro-Hungarian army Porsche designed truc1s and the K?andwehrFugL, which cou d mo#e both on the road and on rai * $fter Wor d War ", 4erdinand Porsche bui t the first two-seater s+orts car, the $C KSaschaL, which won the famous 8arga 4 oria right after being aunched* "n &5,/, 4erdinand Porsche transferred to Caim er, Stuttgart, where he he d the +osition of 8echnica Cirector* He was in charge of designing the famous s+orts cars, ty+e S, SS and SSM and a so de#e o+ed truc1 and aircraft engines* Curing Wor d War "", 0o 1swagen +roduction turned to the mi itary #ersion of the 0o 1swagen Beet e, the Mbe wagen and Schwimmwagen* 8he two com+anies co aborated in &5>5 to ma1e the 0W-Porsche 5&< and 5&<->, whereby the 5&<-> had a Porsche engine, and the 5&< had a 0o 1swagen engine* Porsche7s com+any ogo was based on the coat of arms of 4ree Peo+ e7s State of Wrttemberg of former Weimar 2ermany, which had Stuttgart as its ca+ita and became +art of Baden-Wrttemberg after the +o itica conso idation of West 2ermany in &5<5* Jumber one, a two-seat /-> with a &*& iters centre engine, <' HP weighing >-' 1g* 8he fo owing -' s+ecimens of the so-ca ed /->@, were hand bui t in 2mnd@MGrnten %$ustria)* "n &5-/ the famous Porsche abe badge is seen for the first time* On Se+tember &,, &5>/, a new generation Porsche designed by 9ButFi9 Porsche, a +rototy+e ca ed 5'& was introduced at the "$$* Jot unti $ugust &5>< did it become +ossib e to de i#er the first 5'& %5&&) to customers* "n ate fa of &5>< the 4rench car +roducer Peugeot obEects to the name 5'& because the combination of three - with a Fero in the midd e - was +atented* Porsche res+onded right away, changing the name to 5&& and offered the car to the 2erman and internationa mar1ets* "t became one of the biggest s+orts cars in the wor d and is - together with the /-> - the foundation of the success Porsche* 8he first Ihief BDecuti#e Officer %IBO) of Porsche $2 was Cr* Brnst 4uhrmann 4uhrmann was res+onsib e for the so-ca ed 4uhrmann-engine used in the /-> Iarrera mode s, as we as the --' S+yder, ha#ing four o#erhead camshafts instead of a centra camshaft with +ushrods, as in the 0o 1swagenderi#ed seria engines* "n &55', Porsche drew u+ a memorandum of understanding with 8oyota to earn and benefit from :a+anese ean manufacturing methods* "n ,''< it was re+orted that 8oyota was assisting Porsche with hybrid techno ogy* 8he 9car of the year9 award eDists since &5>< and is a +riFe gi#en out by the car Eourna ists* 3+ to ,''- Porsche has the on y s+orts car to win this award* 8he Porsche 5,; won in &5.; defeating the B6W series . and the 4ord 2ranada* 8he 5,; was the mode that had to re+ ace the decaying 5&&, and had a water coo ed front engine* 8he fine oo1ing 5,; wou d e#entua y fai in the ro e of succeeding a myth* $round the year ,''< Porsche was + anning a four door #ersion, which was ins+ired on the ines of the 5&&* 8he +roEect name for this new Porsche was ProEect C&* 8he I& was the code-name for a new fi#e-door 0o 1swagen s+ort

bac1 to be +ositioned between the Passat and the Phaeton* 8he I& was a so ca ed= the Porsche Panamera* PIIB enab es shorter bra1ing distances in e#en the toughest road and race conditions* BDce ent fade resistance ensures greater ba ance when s owing from racetrac1 s+eeds* $nother 1ey ad#antage of PIIB is the eDtreme y ow weight of the ceramic bra1e discs, which are a++roDimate y -' ( ighter than standard discs of simi ar design and siFe* $s we as enhancing +erformance and fue economy, this re+resents a maEor reduction in uns+rung and rotating masses* 8he consequence of this is better road ho ding and increased comfort, +articu ar y on une#en roads, as we as greater agi ity and im+ro#ed hand ing*

6aEor 4rench car brand, +art of PS$ Peugeot Iitron* Second argest carma1er based in Buro+e* Wor d7s o dest continuous car brand and second o dest car manufacturer* Peugeot Iom+any was founded in &;&', and manufactured coffee mi s and bicyc es* 8he Peugeot Iom+any and fami y are origina y from SochauD, 4rance* $rmand Peugeot became interested in the automobi e ear y on and, after meeting with 2ott ieb Caim er On ,' Jo#ember &;-;, Bmi e Peugeot a++ ied for the ion trademar1* "n &;;- $rmand Peugeot sets u+ bicyc e manufacture at the Beau ieu + ant* He eDhibits the first steam-+owered tricyc e at the &;;5 Paris Wor d BDhibition, designed by ?Non Ser+o et* 8hat ma1es Peugeot one of the +ioneers of the automobi e* 8he fo owing year Peugeot abandoned steam in fa#or of +etro * "n &;5', after meeting 2ott ieb Caim er and Omi e ?e#assor, steam was abandoned in fa#our of a four-whee ed car with a +etro -fue ed interna

combustion engine bui t by Panhard under Caim er icense* 8he car was more so+histicated than many of its contem+oraries, with a three-+oint sus+ension and a s iding-gear transmission* $t the &5'& Paris Salon, Peugeot debuted a tiny shaft-dri#en >-, cc %<' cu in) - h+ %/*. 1W) one-cy inder, dubbed B b %Baby)* Bttore Bugatti designed the new ;-' cc %-, cu in) four-cy inder B b of &5&,* Peugeot was an ear y +ioneer in motor racing with $ bert ?emaPtre winning the wor d7s first motor race, the &;5< Paris-Aouen race, in a / h+ Peugeot* 4or the &5&/ 4rench 2rand PriD, an im+ro#ed ?- %with -,>-- cc %/<- cu in) engine) was +roduced with a +ioneering ba bearing cran1shaft, gear-dri#en camshafts, and dry sum+ ubrication, a of which soon became standard on racing carsQ unfortunate y, Zuccare i was 1i ed during testing on +ub ic roads, but Boi ot easi y won the e#ent, ma1ing him %and Peugeot) the race7s first doub e winner* Curing the 4irst Wor d War, Peugeot turned arge y to arms +roduction, becoming a maEor manufacturer of arms and mi itary #ehic es, from bicyc es to tan1s and she s* "n &5.< Peugeot bought a /'( share of Iitron, and too1 it o#er com+ ete y in &5.-* 8he Eoint +arent com+any became the PS$ %Peugeot SociNtN $nonyme) grou+, which aimed to 1ee+ se+arate identities for both the Peugeot and Iitron brands, whi e sharing engineering and technica resources* Peugeot thus brief y contro ed the racing name 6aserati, but dis+osed of it in 6ay &5.-*

Renault S.A. is a 4rench #ehic e manufacturer estab ished in &;55* Headquartered in Bou ogne-Bi ancourt*

 Aenau t owns the Aomanian manufacturer $utomobi e Cacia and the Morean Aenau t Samsung 6otors a so subsidiaries AI" Banque %+ro#iding automoti#e financing) and 6otrio %automoti#e +arts)* Aenau t 8ruc1s, +re#ious y Aenau t 0ehicu es "ndustrie s, has been +art of 0o #o 8ruc1s since ,''&* $s +art of the Aenau t-Jissan $ iance, the com+any is the fourth- argest automoti#e grou+*

1898-1918
?ouis Aenau t and his brothers founded their com+any in &;5;* 8hey quic1 y made a name for themse #es in motor racing notching u+ a string of wins with their #oiturettes* 8he Aenau t factories ado+ted mass +roduction techniques in &5'- and 8ay orism in &5&/* Curing the first wor d war, the com+any turned out truc1s, stretchers, ambu ances, she s and e#en the famous 48&. tan1s that made a decisi#e contribution to the fina #ictory*

1919-1945
Aenau t moderniFed its +remises, starting u+ the first +roduction ine at Bi ancourt in &5,5* 8he firm tried to 1ee+ the id on costs in order to weather the economic crisis* But socia conditions deteriorated* ?ouis considered the second wor d war and conf ict with 2ermany as a mista1e, and he ga#e in to the demands of the 2erman forces* $s a resu t, Aenau t was nationa iFed in &5<-, becoming the ANgie Jationa e des 3sines Aenau t %AJ3A)*

1945-1975
Aenau t, now a nationa cor+oration, moderniFed its + ants, as we as bui ding and buying new +roduction sites* Ste+hen O74 aherty acquired the Aenau t 4ranchise for "re and in the ear y &5-'7s* He o+ened his Aenau t showrooms in a famous Cub in andmar1 on the corner of She bourne Aoad in Ba sbridge* $n attem+t to conquer the 3S mar1et fai ed but Aenau t ne#erthe ess continued its internationa eD+ansion* Success came with the <I0, the first 9sma car for e#erybody9, fo owed by the Aenau t < and Aenau t -R*8he com+any then aunched an u+mar1et mode , the Aenau t &>, the first 9#oiture S #i#re9 % itera y 9car for i#ing9)* $t the same time, the firm continued to achie#e im+ressi#e resu ts in ra y racing*

1975-1992
8he com+any continued to grow u+ to the ear y &5;'7s* 8he renewa of the range gathered +ace with the aunch of two u+mar1et mode s= Aenau t ,- and Bs+ace* 8he brand made its mar1 in motors+orts and entered 4ormu a &* But the com+any was osing money hea#i y* By initiating a drastic cost-cutting +o icy and refocusing on its core s1i s, Aenau t was bac1 in the b ac1 in &5;.*

1992-2005
Aenau t considered a merger with 0o #o, but the +roEect was dro++ed in &55/* 8he +ri#atisation of the com+any in :u y &55> mar1ed a mi estone in its history* 8a1ing ad#antage of its newfound freedom, Aenau t too1 a sta1e in Jissan in &555* 8he com+any continued to inno#ate and renew its range with #ehic es inc uding 6Ngane and ?aguna* Success in 4ormu a & raised the Aenau t brand7s +rofi e* 8he Aenau t-Jissan $ iance conso idated its structure and continued to de#e o+ new synergies* With the acquisition of Samsung 6otors and Cacia, Aenau t acce erated its internationa eD+ansion* 8he aunch of ?ogan was a 1ey +art of the strategy to win emerging mar1ets*

Since 2005
Iar os 2hosn, a ready President of Jissan succeeded ?ouis SchweitFer at the head of Aenau t* He im+ emented the Aenau t Iommitment ,''5 + an, which aims to +osition the 2rou+ as Buro+e7s most +rofitab e carma1er* Since then, the ?ogan has enEoyed unfai ing success in emerging mar1ets* "n ,'';, Aenau t +ursued its +roduct offensi#e with the aunch of Jew 6Ngane and ro ed out numerous initiati#es regarding the e ectric #ehic e, +artnering with Better P ace and e ectricity uti ity BC4 and +resenting a +rototy+e fue ce ScNnic and the Z*B* Ionce+t conce+t car*

$n $merican mu tinationa automa1er headquartered in Cearborn, 6ichigan, a suburb of Cetroit* 4ounded by Henry 4ord and incor+orated on :une &>, &5'/*

 One of the wor d7s argest and most +rofitab e com+anies, as we as being one to sur#i#e the 2reat Ce+ression* Iommercia #ehic es under the 4ord brand and uDury cars under the ?inco n brand* Owns sma sta1es in 6aFda of :a+an and $ston 6artin of the 3nited Mingdom* introduced methods for arge-sca e manufacturing of cars and arge-sca e management of an industria wor1force using e aborate y engineered manufacturing sequences ty+ified by mo#ing assemb y ines By &5&< these methods were 1nown around the wor d as 4ordism* Second- argest 3*S*-based automa1er and the fifth- argest in the wor d based on ,'&' #ehic e sa es* Henry 4ord7s first attem+t at a car com+any under his own name was the Henry 4ord Iom+any on Jo#ember /, &5'&, which became the Iadi ac 6otor Iom+any on $ugust ,,, &5',* 8he 4ord 6otor Iom+any was aunched in a con#erted factory in &5'/ with twe #e in#estors, most notab y :ohn and Horace Codge * "n &5'; 4ord introduced the first engine with a remo#ab e cy inder head, in the 6ode 8* "n &5/', 4ord introduced the 6ode $, the first car with safety g ass in the windshie d* 4ord aunched the first ow +riced 0; engine +owered car in &5/,*

"tTs sis the com+any that offered ?ifeguard safety +ac1age, which inc uded such inno#ations as a standard dee+-dish steering whee , o+tiona front, and, for the first time in a car, rear seatbe ts, and an o+tiona +added dash and a so chi d-+roof door oc1s, and in the same year offered the first retractab e hardto+ on a mass+roduced siD-seater car* "n &5>- 4ord introduced the seat be t reminder ight* 8he 4ord 6ustang was introduced in &5><* "n &55' and &55< res+ecti#e y, 4ord a so acquired :aguar Iars and $ston 6artin* 4ord mo#ed to introduce a range of new #ehic es, inc uding 9Irosso#er S30s9 bui t on unibody car + atforms, rather than more body-on-frame chassis*

 Wi iam I ay 4ord :r*, great-grandson of Henry 4ord %and better 1nown by his nic1name 9Bi 9), was a++ointed BDecuti#e Ihairman in &55;, and a so became Ihief BDecuti#e Officer of the com+any in ,''&*

Vol swagen Grou!

0o 1swagen means K+eo+ es carL in 2erman* 8ag ine@S ogan U KCas $utoL or L8he IarL* Wor dTs third argest manufacturer behind 8oyota and 26* Buro+eTs argest automa1er* 0o 1swagen %0W) is the best-se ing marque of the 0W grou+* 4ounded by 4erdinand Porsche* Owns $udi, S1oda, SB$8, ?amborghini, Bugatti and Bent ey marques, and truc1 manufacturer Scania* 0W bought Ao s royce motors from 0ic1ers %Bent ey was +art of ro s royce motors) Bent ey from 0ic1ers* $ ong with Bent ey, 0W a so got rights for the s+irit of ecstacy mascot and the gri e* 8hey were so d to B6W which had bought Ao s Aoyce name because 0W was on y interested in Bent ey anyway* Bent ey was at the time the more #o ume car manufacturer with twice the number of cars +roduced as Ao s Aoyce* 8i ,'',, B6W a owed 0W to use the ro s royce name and +ro#ided engines for ro s royce %because 0W cou dn7t reengineer ro s royce to run on 0W engines in time)* 4rom ,''/, 0W7s Ao s-Aoyce@Bent ey di#ision became Bent ey* B6W o+ened a new factory for Ao s-Aoyce at 2oodwood near the historic 2oodwood circuit* $fter Wor d War "", many automa1ers %inc uding 4ord) famous y did not acce+t contro of the com+any saying it wasnTt worth anything* Iom+any + aced under British $rmy 6aEor "#an Hiest, who is common y ca ed the sa#ior of 0W* Iom+any a ways had a c ose re ationshi+ with Porsche, to merge with Porsche* 4amous for Ciese engine U 8C" which stands for K8urbocharged Cirect "nEectionL* 3nder the so-ca ed 90o 1swagen ?aw9, no shareho der in 0o 1swagen $2 cou d eDercise more than ,' +ercent of the firm7s #oting rights, regard ess of their e#e of stoc1 ho ding* 0o 1swagen and Sanyo ha#e teamed u+ to de#e o+ a battery system for hybrid e ectric #ehic es* 0W has a naming con#ention that re ies on winds as they are ca ed in 2erman or their originating region, i*e*, 2o f is for the 2u fstream wind, Passat is a trade wind, Scirocco is a desert wind, :etta is for Eetstream, 0ento is "ta ian for KwindL, etc* 8he 2o f was ca ed the Aabbit in the Jorth $merican mar1et* 0W grou+ created wor dTs first successfu W engine* 8he +o+u ar 9Hi++ie #an9 or 9Iam+er9 is actua y the 0W 8y+e , 8rans+orter or Mombi %cam+ers, short for Mombinations1raftwagen)* 0W 3+V "s a city car, +art of the Jew Sma 4ami y %JS4) series of cars*

 8he 0W 8y+e &>> Schwimmwaggen %f oating @swimming car) +roduced in WW"" for the 2erman army was the most mass +roduced am+hibious car in the wor d* 0W 2o f is the wor d7s third most-se ing mode * 0W W?& to be the greenest 0W*

Audi
Positioned as the +remium brand within the 0o 1swagen grou+* $udi tag ine U K0ors+rung durch 8echni1L which means KProgress through 8echno ogyL $udi tag ine in 3*S* U K8ruth in BngineeringL* Purchased from Caim er-BenF as K$uto 3nionL* 4ounded by $ugust Horch* $udi is atin for KHorchL which means K istenL in 2erman* $udi headed the now defunct K$udi Brand 2rou+L which consists of $udi, SB$8 and ?amborghini* $ugust Horch founded K$* Horch H Iie*L, but was forced out of the com+any he hadfounded because of dis+utes between him and the su+er#isory board* He founded a second com+any and continued using the Horch brand name* His former +artners sued him for trademar1 infringement and he was barred from using the Horch brand name* So, he renamed his com+any $udi* "n $ugust &5,; Cam+f-Mraft-Wagen %CMW), acquired the maEority of shares in $udiwer1e $2* $udi merged with Horch, CMW and Wanderer in &5/, to form the K$uto 3nionL* $uto 3nion used < inter in1ed rings %the $udi badge today) re+resenting these < brands* "t was used on y for $uto 3nion racing cars* 8he member com+anies used their own names and emb ems* "t was desgined by Aayan $bdu ah* 8he first ring re+resents $udi, ,nd U CMW, /rd U Horch, <th U Wanderer* $udi factories were destroyed in a ied bombing in WW""* %$ "ta ian and 2erman com+anies were +art of the aDis war effort) $uto 3nion was acquired by Caim er-BenF who in#ested hea#i y in the com+any* $uto 3nion was dis+osed of by Caim er-BenF because of its ow +rofitabi ity* 8he new owner 0o 1swagen benifited from Caim er-BenFTs in#estments which inc uded a new factory at "ngo stadt and a +roduction-ready modern four-stro1e engine* 0o 1swagen dum+ed CMW because of its association with two stro1e tech* $uto 3nion merged with JS3, which was then the wor dTs argest manufacturer of motorcyc es %but had mo#ed onto sma cars), ca ed $udi JS3 $uto 3nion $2* "n &5;-, with the $uto 3nion and JS3 brands effecti#e y dead, the com+any7s officia name was now shortened to sim+ y K$udi $2L* $ series of reca s from &5;, to &5;. after sudden unintended acce eration of

$udi -'''s ed to s um+ing of sa es in 3S* $udi 66" is a user interface and media system de#e o+ed by $udi, simi ar to B6W7s iCri#e* quattro refers to $udiTs !uattro < whee dri#e system* !uattro 2mbH U subsidiary of $udi which s+ecia iFes in +roducing high +erformance $udi cars and com+onents* $udi was first com+any to +roduce a &''( ga #aniFed %to +re#ent corrosion) mass mar1et #ehic e, fo owing introduction of the +rocess by Porsche* $udi S and AS are a range of high +erformance cars* $udi S and AS cars are a ways a -whee dri#e* 8he S, and S< were the first in the S ine of +erformnce cars* AS ta1en from 2erman KAennS+ortL which is trans ated as KAacing S+ortL* 8here used to be on y & AS mode at a time unti recent years* $udi S range of cars has em+hasis on #ertica ines in gri e* $udi +roduce a s+ecification of o+tiona s+orts trim +ac1ages to their mainstream mode s, 1nown as the S ine %not to be confused with the S range of high +erformance cars)* 8his is mere y a trim s+ecification which a ows customers to effect a s+orty a++earance in their mainstream $udi mode * $udi $; is ightest a -whee dri#e car in fu -siFe uDury segment* $udi $; first car to feature $udiTs $ uminium S+ace 4rame techno ogy* $udi + anning an a iance with :a+anese e ectronics giant Sanyo to de#e o+ hybrid e ectrics* $udi A; was de#e o+ed from $udi ?e 6ans !uattro conce+t, but named after $udi A; racing car* $udi A; race car won ?e-6ans for - years out of .* $udi A; e-tron set the record for the fastest B0 to a+ the Jurburgring* 8he $udi A&' 8C" was the first diese s+orts car to win %though not the first diese engined car to com+ete) the &, Hours of Sebring and the ,< Hours of ?e 6ans, both in ,''>* "n ,'&,, $udi7s A&; e-tron quattro became the first hybrid to win the ,< Hours of ?e 6ans* "n ,''5, $udi started the $udi 6i eage 6arathon to +romte its 8C" diese techno ogy* $udi is now de#e o+ing the $udi e-tron e ectric dri#e +owertrain system* 8he origina e-tron conce+t is based on the A;* $udi has the second most wins at ?e 6ans, winning in && of the &/ years they +artici+ated* 8hey ha#e recent y dominated ?e 6ans*

Lamborghini
car* 4ounded by 4errucio ?amborghini* 4ounded with the obEecti#e of +roducing a refined grand touring

 4actory at Sant $gartha, "ta y ?amborghini /-' 280 was ?amborghiniTs first +rototy+e car* 8he ?amborghini /-' 280 went on dis+ ay without an engine under its hood* 4erruccio ?amborghini had the engine bay fi ed with bric1s so that the car wou d sit at an a++ro+riate height abo#e the ground, and made sure that the bonnet stayed c osed to hide the missing engine* 8he /-' 280 was redesigned into the /-'28 which was ?amborghiniTs first +roduction mode * 8he /-'280 was so d at a oss in order to 1ee+ +rices com+etiti#e with 4errari7s* ?amborghini 6iura was the first #iab e road car s+orting the midengine ayout* 8he 6iura was origina y concei#ed as a road car with racing +edigree by ?amborghini7s engineering team, who designed the car in their s+are time against the wishes of 4erruccio ?amborghini* $t aunch, it was the fastest +roduction road car a#ai ab e* $ retro-sty ed ?amborghini 6iura conce+t car was made in ,''> commemorating the <'th anni#ersary of the &5>> 2ene#a introduction of the origina 6iura* 8he com+any changed se#era hands and fina y came under Ihrys er, then was fina y +urchased by 0WTs $udi* 8he wor d of bu fighting is a 1ey +art of ?amborghini7s identity* "n &5>,, 4erruccio ?amborghini #isited the Se#i e ranch of Con Bduardo 6iura, a renowned breeder of S+anish fighting bu s* ?amborghini, a 8aurus himse f, was so im+ressed by the maEestic 6iura anima s that he decided to ado+t a raging bu as the emb em for the automa1er he wou d o+en short y* 4irst two ?amborghinis had a +hanumeric names* 6ost ater cars were named in connection with bu fighting* ?amborghini bro1e from tradition, naming the Iountach not for a bu , but for countachV, an eDc amation of astonishment used by Piedmontese men u+on sighting a beautifu woman* ?egend has it that sty ist Juccio Bertone uttered the word in sur+rise when he first aid eyes on the Iountach +rototy+e, 9ProEect &&,9* 8he Iountach was the first ?amborghini to feature the signature scissor doors* 8he 6urcie ago was the first ?amborghini after $udi acquired it* 8he 6urcie ago was the first ?amborghini to use carbon fibre* $t the ,'&, 2ene#a 6otor Show, ?amborghini un#ei ed the $#entador : U a roof ess, window ess #ersion of the ?amborghini $#entador* : stands for 9:ota9* On y & $#entador : has been and wi be made* "t was a eady so d before un#ei ing at the 2ene#a 6otor Show* 8here wi not be a second $#entador : e#en for the ?amborghini museum* $t the ,'&, BeiEing 6otor Show, ?amborghini un#ei ed the 3rus Ionce+t S30* 8his is the first S30 By ?amborghini since the ?6'',* 8he 3rus is a + ug-in hybrid with a turbocharged 0;* ?P .''-< stands for ?ongitudina Posterior %Position of the engine), .''HP, < whee dri#e*

"ugatti
4ounded in &5'5 in 6o sheim, 4rance by "ta ian-born Bttore Bugatti* 6anufacturer of high-+erformance automobi es* Bugatti won the first e#er 6onaco 2rand PriD* Bugatti is 1nown both for the e#e of detai of its engineering in its automobi es, and for the artistic way in which the designs were eDecuted, gi#en the artistic nature of Bttore7s fami y* Bttore Bugatti famous y described Bent ey7s cars as 9the wor d7s fastest orries9 for focusing on durabi ity* $ccording to Bugatti, 9weight was the enemy9* Bttore Bugatti a so designed a successfu motoriFed rai car, the $utorai * Bugatti 0eyron was the first +roduction car to cross ,-'m+h* 8he Bugatti 0eyron Su+er S+ort #ersion is the fastest road- ega car in the wor d, with a to+ s+eed of </&*'. 1m@h %,>.*;- m+h)* Bugatti 0eyron 0itesse is the wor d7s fastest con#ertib e* 8he origina Bugatti 0eyron and 0eyron 2rand S+ort %con#ertib e) has a W&> engine with < turbo chargers which +roduces &''&HP* 8he 0eyron Su+er S+ort and 0itesse has a W&> quad turbo engine which +roduces &,''HP* Origina y Bugatti was to bui d on y /'' 0eyrons %inc uding a #ersions), but the 0eyron con#ertib es eDtended that number by &-'* Bugatti has decided that &> cy inders and &''&HP is the minimum for any of its future cars* Bugatti u tra uDury u tra high-+erformance sedan conce+t is ca ed &>I 2a ibier*

"entle#
Bent ey was founded by Wa ter Owen Bent ey* $ Bent ey cars are made at Irewe* Bent ey was bought by Ao s Aoyce* Ao s Aoyce was bought by 0ic1ers which made Bent ey and Ao s Aoyce into Ao s Aoyce 6otors* Bent ey7s badge and hood ornament is ca ed the 9Winged B9* Bent ey is the on y manufacturer to use +o ished stain ess stee instead of chrome % i1e for the radiator gri e of the 6u sanne)* Bent ey showed a S30 conce+t at the 2ene#a $uto Show ca ed the Bent ey BWP 5 4 Ionce+t* On state occasions, !ueen B iFabeth "" usua y tra#e s in one of two custom-bui t Bent ey State ?imousines*

$esla %otors
4ounded by B on 6us1* Jamed after Jico a 8es a* Based in Si icon 0a ey*

 8es a aims to acce erate the transition to e ectric mobi ity* 8he 8es a Aoadster, is the first and on y a -e ectric s+orts car in seria +roduction* 8he 8es a Aoadster is the first +roduction automobi e to use ithium-ion battery ce s and the first +roduction BB0 %a -e ectric) to tra#e more than ,'' mi es %/,' 1m) +er charge* 8es a 6ode S is the ongest range +roduction B0* 8es a 6ode S has the owest drag coefficient of any +roduction car* Bach 6ode S is test dri#en in indoors %because it has Fero emissions)* 8es a 6ode W is an e ectric crosso#er S30 conce+t, with o+tiona $WC* 8es a 6ode W features fa con-wing doors* 8es a se s e ectric +owertrain com+onents to Cai mer and 8oyota*

Fis er Automoti&e
4ounded by Henri1 4is1er and Bernhard Moeh er* Before 4is1er $utomoti#e, Henri1 4is1er and Bernhard Moeh er first founded 4is1er Ioachbui d, in an attem+t to re#i#e coachbui ding to customer s+ecifications* Based in $naheim, Ia ifornia* 4irst car is the 4is1er Marma, a + ug-in hybrid uDury sedan* 4is1er Marma S is a hardto+ con#ertib e #ariant of the 4is1er Marma, and is a so ca ed 9Sunset9* 4is1er Surf conce+t is a <-door + ug-in hybrid* 4is1er $t anta is a <-door hybrid sedan conce+t which is to s ot be ow the Marma*

%cLaren Automoti&e
Bstab ished as 6c?aren cars in &5;5* 8he origina 6c?aren 4ormu a & team was founded by Bruce 6c?aren* 4irst car was 6c?aren 4&* 6c?aren headquarters is the 6c?aren 8echno ogy Ienter in Wo1ing, Surrey, 3*M* 6c?aren 6P<-&,I was codenamed P&& in +rotoy+e stages* 6c?aren W-& U a one off* 6c?aren is designing a hy+ercar under the codename P&, to com+ete with the Porsche 5&; S+yder* P&, is the s+iritua successor to the 6c?aren 4&* P&, to be re#ea ed at the Paris 6otor Show* 6c?aren is designing a sma er car under the codename P&/*

'oenigsegg
Based in $nge ho m, Sweden* 4ounded in &55< by Ihristian #on Moenigsegg* Moenigsegg7s first factory in $nge ho m caught fire* So they mo#ed to

some abandoned air force bui dings nearby* 8he bui ding be onged to the Jo*& squadron, which was the first Swedish fighter squadron* 8hey were ca ed the ghosts since they eft before dawn and came bac1 after dus1, so +eo+ e cou d hear them, but not see them* 8hey ado+ted a s ogan 98he show must go on9* 8hey a so had a ghost symbo which Moenigsegg now +uts the ghost symbo on the rear window of e#ery car they bui d there to honour the squadron* Moenigsegg is the on y su+ercar and ow-#o ume manufacturer to +ass the new Buro+ean +edestrian im+act tests* :ust after Moenigsegg +assed this test, the test requirement was deemed too com+ icated for ow-#o ume manufacturers to co+e with* 4irst +rototy+e was Moenigsegg II* Moenigsegg IIA brief y he d the wor d record for fastest +roduction car, beating the 6c?aren 4&* 8he name IIW is an abbre#iation for Iom+etition Iou+N W, the W commemorating the &'th anni#ersary of the com+ etion and test dri#e of the first II #ehic e in &55>* 8he IIWA is a biofue or f eDib e fue #ersion of the IIW* 8he Moenigsegg IIWA ho ds the +ower-to-weight ratio record for +roduction cars, with a +ower-to-weight ratio of ,*5 b %&*/ 1g)@h+* 8he IIWA 8re#ita which trans ates into 9three whites9 in Swedish, has a body made entire y out of Moenigsegg7s +ro+rietary materia consisting of diamond-coated carbon fiber* On y / were made, ma1ing this the rarest Moenigsegg* 8he $gera is the successor to the IIW@IIWA* 8he name $gera comes from the Swedish #erb 7agera7 which means 9to actL or 9to ta1e action9* 8he $gera has a ighting system ca ed K2host ightL, which consists of microsco+ic carbon nanotubes to hide the interior ighting unti it7s turned on, which then shines through what a++eared to be so id a uminium* 8he $gera A bro1e the 2uinness Wor d Aecord - '-/''-' 1m@h with a time of Eust ,&*&5 seconds*

Pagani
4ounded by Horacio Pagani* Based near 6odena, "ta y* 6ercedes $62 su++ ies engines for Pagani* Pagani7s first car was ca ed 9I; ProEect9, and was ater renamed as 4angio 4& in honour of fi#e-time 4ormu a One cham+ion :uan 6anue 4angio* 8he fina car was named the Zonda I&,Q the 4angio 4& name was dro++ed out of res+ect for 4angio, who died in &55-* 8he Zonda A is a racing #ersion of the Zonda and is not street ega * On y &' were made* 8he Zonda A ho ds the record for fastest time around the Jrburgring* 8he Zonda Iinque %"ta ian for -) was meant to be the ast Zonda* "t is a roadgoing #ersion of the Zonda A* On y - Iinques and - Iinque Aoadsters were made* 8he Zonda 8rico ore is the ast Zonda which was not bui t as a one-off* "t is named after the "ta ian aerobatics squadron* "t was origina y meant to be a one-off but /

were made* 8he Pagani Huayra %+ronounced why-rah) is named after Huayra-tata, the "ncan 2od of wind*

Hindustan %otors
Part of Bir a grou+* "ndia7s +ioneering automobi e manufactoring com+any* ?argest car manufacturer in "ndia before the rise of 6aruti 3dyog* $mbassador is based on the British 6orris ODford """* $mbassador is considered as a definiti#e "ndian car and is fond y ca ed 98he 1ing of "ndian roads9* Iontessa is based on the British 0auDha 0ictor 4B and used an "suFu engine* $#igo U re#ision of the $mbassador 3sed to ma1e earth mo#ers %H6 Barthmo#ing Bqui+ment Ci#ision U H6BBC) in a Eoint #enture with Iater+i ar* Iater+i ar bought the + ant, H6 sti a +artner with Iater+i ar in Hindustan Power P us* 8here were +artnershi+s with 26 and "suFu* :oint #enture with 6itsubishi*

(amaha
4ounded as a +iano and reed organ manufacturer* 8he Xamaha cor+orate ogo is com+osed of three tuning for1 + aced on to+ of each other in a triangu ar +attern* Xamaha means 9mountain eaf9* 4irst to bui d a monoshoc1 motocross bi1e* Xamaha and 8oyota ha#e a ca+ita a iance*