National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident Adopted 2/10/1994 2/23/1993 BEECH / B90 P&W / PT-6A-20

Substantial 2 None Executive/Corporate Part 91: General Aviation OWATONNA, MN Same as Accident On Airport ALBERT LEA MUNICIPAL 34 4500 / 100 Asphalt Snow--dry ALBERT LEA, MN Aircraft Reg No. N442TC Crew Pass Fatal 0 0 Serious 0 0 Time (Local): 12:35 CST Minor/None 1 1

CHI93LA094 File No. 337

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under: Last Depart. Point: Destination: Airport Proximity: Airport Name: Runway Identification: Runway Length/Width (Ft): Runway Surface: Runway Surface Condition:

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Weather Observation Facility Visual Meteorological Cond None 10.00 SM 150 / 023 Kts -16 None None

Pilot-in-Command

Age: 65

Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Airline Transport; Multi-engine Land; Multi-engine Sea; Single-engine Land; Single-engine Sea Instrument Ratings Airplane

5000 15 605 425

THE PILOT STATED THAT WHEN THE FLIGHT WAS ON FINAL APPROACH, 'THE AIRCRAFT SUDDENLY STOPPED FLYING AND CONTACTED THE SNOW...CAME TO A STOP ABOUT 500 FEET DOWN THE RUNWAY ON THE CENTERLINE. ALL 3 GEARS WERE FOLDED BACK.' THE AIRPLANE HAD BEEN WASHED THE NIGHT BEFORE AND THEN ROLLED OUTSIDE INTO -5 DEGREE TEMPERATURE. ICE WAS FOUND IN THE AIRPLANE STATIC SYSTEM.

Brief of Accident (Continued) 2/23/1993 IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER APPROACH - VFR PATTERN - FINAL APPROACH ALBERT LEA, MN Aircraft Reg No. N442TC Time (Local): 12:35 CST

CHI93LA094 File No. 337 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

Findings 1. TERRAIN CONDITION - SNOWBANK 2. (C) STALL/MUSH - INADVERTENT - PILOT IN COMMAND 3. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: COMPLETE GEAR COLLAPSED LANDING - ROLL

Findings 4. LANDING GEAR - OVERLOAD Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. AN INADVERTENT STALL DUE TO ICE IN THE PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident Adopted 3/2/1993 MIA91MA100 File No. 472 3/17/1991 PIPER / PA-46-310P CONTINENTAL / TSIO-520-BE1 Destroyed 1 Unk/Nr Personal Part 91: General Aviation BRONSON, FL Aircraft Reg No. N9112K Crew Pass Fatal 1 3 Serious 0 0 Time (Local): 10:36 EST Minor/None 0 0

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under:

Last Depart. Point: ST PETERSBURG, FL Destination: BEDFORD, MA Airport Proximity: Off Airport/Airstrip

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Weather Observation Facility Instrument Meteorological Cond 700 Ft. AGL, Overcast 2.00 SM 070 / 012 Kts 15 Fog Rain

Pilot-in-Command

Age: 48

Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Commercial; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings Airplane

2252 44 268 166

THE PLT WAS ON AN IFR FLT IN IMC & RCVD CLNC TO CLIMB & MAINT FL220. DRG CLIMB, HE INFORMED ARTCC, '. . . WE'RE HAVING A PROBLEM.' WHEN ASKED TO SAY AGAIN, HE BGN THE SAME REPLY, THEN NO FURTHER RDO COM WAS RCVD FM THE ACFT. SUBSEQUENTLY AN INFLT BREAKUP OCCURRED & WRECKAGE WAS SCATTERED OVR A WIDE AREA. THE RGT OUTBOARD WING PANEL, HRZNTL STABILIZER, ELEVATORS, RGT AILERON & PARTS OF THE RUDDER WERE FND AT A DSTC FM THE MAIN WRECKAGE. THESE DISPLAYED EVIDENCE OF OVERSTRESS FAILURE. NO PREEXISTING CRACKS OR FATIGUE WAS FND. RADAR & WX DATA SHOWED DEV FM NORMAL FLT BGN AT OR NR MDT CONVECTIVE WX ECHO (VIP 2) AS THE ACFT WAS CLIMBING THRU 17,300' IN FRZG CONDS. AT THAT TIME, THE RATE OF CLIMB WAS ABT 200'/MIN & THE GND SPD WAS 150 TO 160 KTS. AT 1032:18, A DSCNT BGN. DRG THE NEXT 2 TO 3 MIN, THE ACFT'S ALT, HDG & SPD DEVIATED. AT 1035:17, OTR PRIMARY RADAR TARGETS APPEARED, THEN RADAR CTC WAS LOST. GROSS WT OF THE ACFT WAS ESTD TO BE 4311 LBS; MAX ALLOWABLE WT WAS 4100 LBS. CG WAS ESTD TO BE 1.59' BHND THE AFT LMT. (SEE: NTSB/SIR-92/03)

Brief of Accident (Continued) 3/17/1991 LOSS OF CONTROL - IN FLIGHT CLIMB - TO CRUISE BRONSON, FL Aircraft Reg No. N9112K Time (Local): 10:36 EST

MIA91MA100 File No. 472 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

Findings 1. AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE - EXCEEDED - PILOT IN COMMAND 2. WEATHER CONDITION - CLOUDS 3. WEATHER CONDITION - RAIN 4. (F) WEATHER CONDITION - ICING CONDITIONS 5. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 6. (C) ANTI-ICE/DEICE SYSTEM - IMPROPER USE OF - PILOT IN COMMAND 7. (C) FLIGHT/NAV INSTRUMENTS,AIRSPEED INDICATOR - FALSE INDICATION 8. (C) AIRCRAFT CONTROL - NOT MAINTAINED - PILOT IN COMMAND 9. (F) LACK OF RECENT INSTRUMENT TIME - PILOT IN COMMAND ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings 10. (C) DESIGN STRESS LIMITS OF AIRCRAFT - EXCEEDED - PILOT IN COMMAND 11. WING - OVERLOAD 12. WING - SEPARATION 13. STABILIZER - OVERLOAD 14. STABILIZER - SEPARATION ---------Occurrence #3: Phase of Operation: IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO ACTIVATE THE PITOT HEAT BEFORE ASCENDING ABOVE THE FREEZING LEVEL IN INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC), FOLLOWED BY HIS IMPROPER RESPONSE TO ERRONEOUS AIRSPEED INDICATIONS THAT RESULTED FROM BLOCKAGE OF THE PITOT TUBE BY ATMOSPHERIC ICING. CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WAS: THE PILOT'S LACK OF CURRENCY IN FLYING IN IMC.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident Adopted 5/21/2002 10/26/2000 Cessna / 340A Continental / TSIO-520-NB Destroyed 2 None Business Part 91: General Aviation JULIAN, CA Aircraft Reg No. N4347C Crew Pass Fatal 2 0 Serious 0 0 Time (Local): 10:58 PDT Minor/None 0 0

LAX01FA026 File No. 11674

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under:

Last Depart. Point: SANTA ANA, CA Destination: CALEXICO, CA Airport Proximity: Off Airport/Airstrip

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Weather Observation Facility Instrument Meteorological Cond 700 Ft. AGL, Broken 10.00 SM 100 / 003 Kts 13 None None

Pilot-in-Command

Age: 61

Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Airline Transport; Flight Instructor; Commercial; Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings Airplane

20000 150 180 1400

During en route cruise flight at an assigned altitude of 11,000 feet (msl) in instrument meteorological conditions, the airplane impacted mountainous terrain at 5,300 feet, in wings-level, descending flight. During the final 12 minutes of the flight (from 1046 to 1058 Pacific daylight time), recorded military search radar height values (primary radar returns) show the aircraft in a steady descent from 11,000 feet to 5,600 feet, where radar contact was lost. During the same time interval, recorded Mode C altitudes received at Los Angeles Air Traffic Control Center (Center) and SoCal Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) indicated the aircraft was level at 11,000 feet. At 1055:49, when the pilot was handed off from SoCal TRACON to Los Angeles Center, the pilot checked in with the Center ". . . level at one one thousand." At 1057:28, the pilot asked the Center controller "what altitude you showing us at" to which the controller responded "not receiving your mode C right now sir." At 1057:37, the pilot transmitted "o k we'd like to climb to vfr on top, our uh altimeter just went down to uh fifty three hundred." The controller approved the pilot's request to climb to VFR conditions on-top and, at 1057:54, the pilot responded "roger we're out." No further transmissions were received from the aircraft. The airplane was equipped with a single instrument static pressure system with two heated static ports. The static system and static system instruments were damaged or destroyed by impact and post-crash fire sufficiently to preclude post-accident testing.

Brief of Accident (Continued) 10/26/2000 JULIAN, CA Aircraft Reg No. N4347C Time (Local): 10:58 PDT

LAX01FA026 File No. 11674 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION CRUISE

Findings 1. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 2. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - BLOCKED(TOTAL) ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER CRUISE

Findings 3. TERRAIN CONDITION - MOUNTAINOUS/HILLY Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. Total blockage of the instrument static system due to ice.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident Adopted 3/5/1993 LAX90FA084 File No. 2173 2/6/1990 PIPER / PA-46-350P LYCOMING / TIO-540-AE2A Destroyed 1 None Business Part 91: General Aviation BAKERSFIELD, CA Aircraft Reg No. N8888M Crew Pass Fatal 1 1 Serious 0 0 Time (Local): 15:48 PST Minor/None 0 0

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under:

Last Depart. Point: PORTERVILLE, CA Destination: REDLANDS, CA Airport Proximity: Off Airport/Airstrip

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Weather Observation Facility Unknown 6000 Ft. AGL, Overcast < 1 SM 310 / 010 Kts 9 None None

Pilot-in-Command Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Private; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings Airplane

Age: 74

8155 64 51 1569

BFR TKOF, PLT WAS ADZ OF IFR CONDS ALONG 1ST PART OF ROUTE, WITH FLT PRCTNS FOR OCNL MOD TURBC BLO 15,000' & MIXED ICG FM FRZG LVL (6000') TO 18,000'. HE FILED IFR FLT PLAN WITH CRUISE ALT OF 11,000'. DRG DEP, PLT WAS CLRD TO CLIMB TO 9000' & TOLD TO EXPECT CLNC TO 11,000', 5 MIN LTR . RADAR DATA SHOWED, ACFT CLIMBED AT ABT 1500'/MIN & 100 KTS, SLOWING SLIGHTLY ABV 8000'. AT ABT 9000', ACFT STARTED TO LVL & ACCELERATE. IT THEN CLIMBED MOMENTARILY, DEVIATED LATERALLY FM COURSE & ENTERED STEEP DSCNT. IN-FLT BREAKUP OCCURRED & WRECKAGE WAS SCATTERED OVR 4100' AREA. TRAJECTORY STUDY SHOWED BREAKUP OCCURRED BTN 4500' & 6500' AS ACFT WAS IN STEEP DSCNT IN EXCESS OF 266 KTS. METALLURGICAL EXAM OF WINGS & STA- BILIZERS REVEALED FEATURES TYPICAL OF OVERSTRESS SEPN; NO PREEXISTING CRACKS OR DEFECTS WERE FND. THE ACFT WAS RECENTLY PURCHASED. PLT'S SON INDCD PRINCIPAL PRBLM WAS 'TWENTY YEAR LEAP IN TECHNOLOGY' FM PREVIOUSLY OWNED PA-24, THAT PLT HAD DIFFICULTY WITH AVIONICS & FLT DRCTR/AUTOPLT, & THAT HE LACKED DETAIL TRNG IN AUTOPLT EMERGENCIES. (SEE:NTSB/SIR-92/03)

Brief of Accident (Continued) 2/6/1990 LOSS OF CONTROL - IN FLIGHT CRUISE BAKERSFIELD, CA Aircraft Reg No. N8888M Time (Local): 15:48 PST

LAX90FA084 File No. 2173 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

Findings 1. CLIMB - PERFORMED - PILOT IN COMMAND 2. (F) WEATHER CONDITION - ICING CONDITIONS 3. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 4. (C) ANTI-ICE/DEICE SYSTEM - NOT USED - PILOT IN COMMAND 5. (C) FLIGHT/NAV INSTRUMENTS,AIRSPEED INDICATOR - FALSE INDICATION 6. LEVEL OFF - INITIATED - PILOT IN COMMAND 7. (C) AIRCRAFT CONTROL - NOT MAINTAINED - PILOT IN COMMAND 8. (F) SPATIAL DISORIENTATION - PILOT IN COMMAND ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings 9. (C) DESIGN STRESS LIMITS OF AIRCRAFT - EXCEEDED - PILOT IN COMMAND 10. STABILIZER - OVERLOAD 11. STABILIZER - SEPARATION 12. WING - OVERLOAD 13. WING - SEPARATION ---------Occurrence #3: Phase of Operation: IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO ACTIVATE THE PITOT HEAT BEFORE FLYING AT AND ABOVE THE FREEZING LEVEL IN INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC), FOLLOWED BY HIS IMPROPER RESPONSE TO ERRONEOUS AIRSPEED INDICATIONS THAT RESULTED FROM BLOCKAGE OF THE PITOT TUBE BY ATMOSPHERIC ICING. CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCIDENT WAS SPATIAL DISORIENTATION OF THE PILOT.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident Adopted 3/5/1993 MKC90MA115 File No. 2290 5/27/1990 PIPER / PA-46-310P CONTINENTAL / TSIO-520-BE1B Destroyed 1 None Personal Part 91: General Aviation NAYLOR, MO Aircraft Reg No. N22EK Crew Pass Fatal 1 1 Serious 0 0 Time (Local): 10:34 CDT Minor/None 0 0

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under:

Last Depart. Point: SEWANEE, TN Destination: SPRINGFIELD, MO Airport Proximity: Off Airport/Airstrip

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Weather Observation Facility Visual Meteorological Cond 2100 Ft. AGL, Overcast 5.00 SM 020 / 008 Kts 22 Unk/Nr Unk/Nr

Pilot-in-Command Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Private; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings Airplane

Age: 64

1603 Unk/Nr 182 380

AFTER TKOF, THE PLT RCVD PROGRESSIVE ALT CLNCS TO FL200. WHILE CRUISING AT FL200, HE RPRTD 'MODERATE CHOP.' AT ABT 1125 CDT, HE REQD & RCVD CLNC TO FL220. ABT 3 MIN LTR, HE INQUIRED ABT CLD TOPS & SAID HE WAS 'IN A LAYER RIGHT NOW AT ABOUT FLIGHT LEVEL 200 TO 210.' SOON THEREAFTER, THE ACFT BGN ALT DEVIATIONS & WENT ABV THE ASSIGNED ALT OF FL220 (22,000'). IT THEN DSCNDD TO ABT 20,500', WHERE IT PITCHED UP TO AN ALT OF ABT 23,000'. THE ACFT THEN WENT INTO A STEEP DSCNT. SUBSEQUENTLY, AN IN-FLT BREAKUP OF THE ACFT OCCURRED AT ABT THE TIME IT EMERGED FM THE CLDS NR THE 2000 FT LVL. PIECES OF WRECKAGE WERE FND OVR A WIDE AREA. THE LEFT WING WAS FND ABT .2 MI FM THE FUSELAGE; PIECES OF THE RUDDER & STABILIZERS WERE FND ABT 100 YDS FM THE FUSELAGE. AN EXAM OF THE FRACTURES ON MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS REVEALED FEATURES TYPICAL OF OVERSTRESS SEPN. NO PREEXISTING CRACKS WERE FND. AN AREA FORECAST HAD FLT PRCTNS FOR IFR, TSTMS, ICING IN THE VCNTY OF CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY. THE PITOT HEAT SW WAS FND IN THE 'OFF' PSN. (SEE: NTSB/SIR-92/03)

Brief of Accident (Continued) 5/27/1990 LOSS OF CONTROL - IN FLIGHT CLIMB - TO CRUISE NAYLOR, MO Aircraft Reg No. N22EK Time (Local): 10:34 CDT

MKC90MA115 File No. 2290 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

Findings 1. WEATHER CONDITION - CLOUDS 2. (F) WEATHER CONDITION - ICING CONDITIONS 3. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 4. (C) ANTI-ICE/DEICE SYSTEM - NOT USED - PILOT IN COMMAND 5. (C) FLIGHT/NAV INSTRUMENTS,AIRSPEED INDICATOR - FALSE INDICATION 6. (C) AIRCRAFT CONTROL - NOT MAINTAINED - PILOT IN COMMAND ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings 7. (C) DESIGN STRESS LIMITS OF AIRCRAFT - EXCEEDED - PILOT IN COMMAND 8. WING - OVERLOAD 9. WING - SEPARATION 10. STABILIZER - OVERLOAD 11. STABILIZER - SEPARATION ---------Occurrence #3: Phase of Operation: IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO ACTIVATE THE PITOT HEAT BEFORE FLYING IN INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC) ABOVE THE FREEZING LEVEL, FOLLOWED BY HIS IMPROPER RESPONSE TO ERRONEOUS AIRSPEED INDICATIONS THAT RESULTED FROM BLOCKAGE OF THE PITOT TUBE BY ATMOSPHERIC ICING.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident Adopted 3/5/1993 CHI90MA162 File No. 2174 6/26/1990 PIPER / PA-46-310P CONTINENTAL / TSIO-520-BE Destroyed 1 None Business Part 91: General Aviation LAKEVILLE, MI Aircraft Reg No. N315RC Crew Pass Fatal 1 0 Serious 0 0 Time (Local): 16:16 EDT Minor/None 0 0

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under:

Last Depart. Point: FLINT, MI Destination: AKRON, OH Airport Proximity: Off Airport/Airstrip

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Weather Observation Facility Visual Meteorological Cond 6000 Ft. AGL, Broken 7.00 SM 220 / 012 Kts 24 None None

Pilot-in-Command Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Private; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings Airplane

Age: 57

983 45 197 166

DRG IFR DEP, PLT RCVD PROGRESSIVE ALT CLNCS TO CLIMB TO 15,000'. AT 1607 EDT, HE WAS VCTRD FOR 'A GOOD RATE OF CLIMB' THRU 14,000' WITH CLNC TO PROCEED ON COURSE AFTER LVG 14,000' FOR 15,000'. RADAR DATA INDCD A STEADY CLIMB TIL ACFT WAS ABV 13,000'. AS IT CLIMBED FM 13,300' TO 13,900' (MAX RECORDED ALT), ITS SPD SLOWED FM ABT 115 KTS TO BLO 80 KTS. AT 1613 EDT, PLT WAS CLRD TO PROCD DRCT & CHG FREQ. RADAR DATA SHOWED THAT AFTER RCHG 13,900', ACFT DEVIATED FM COURSE & ENTERED STEEP DSCNT. RADAR CTC WAS LOST & INFLT BREAKUP OCCURRED. PIECES OF WNGS & STABILIZERS WERE FND UP TO 1.5 MI FM FUSELAGE. TRAJECTORY STUDY DISCLOSED BREAKUP OCCURRED BTN 6000' & 9000' MSL. EXAM OF FRACTURES ON MAJOR CMPTS REVEALED CHARACTERISTICS TYPICAL OF OVERSTRESS; NO PREEXISTING CRACKS WERE FND. NO AUTOPLT FAILURE OR BIRD STRIKE WAS FND. CLDS WERE LAYERED TO 20,000'; FRZG LVL WAS ABT 12,500'. THERE WAS EVIDENCE ACFT WAS IN OR NR CONVECTIVE PRECIP ABV FRZG LVL FOR ABT 1.5 MIN BFR RAPID DSCNT. FND PITOT HEAT SW 'OFF' & INDUCTION AIR DOOR IN ITS PRIMARY PSN. (SEE: NTLS/SIR-92/03)

Brief of Accident (Continued) 6/26/1990 LOSS OF CONTROL - IN FLIGHT CLIMB LAKEVILLE, MI Aircraft Reg No. N315RC Time (Local): 16:16 EDT

CHI90MA162 File No. 2174 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

Findings 1. WEATHER CONDITION - CLOUDS 2. (F) WEATHER CONDITION - ICING CONDITIONS 3. (C) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 4. (C) ANTI-ICE/DEICE SYSTEM - NOT USED - PILOT IN COMMAND 5. (C) FLIGHT/NAV INSTRUMENTS,AIRSPEED INDICATOR - FALSE INDICATION 6. FUEL SYSTEM,RAM AIR/INDUCTION AIR - ICE 7. PROPELLER SYSTEM/ACCESSORIES - ICE 8. (C) AIRSPEED - NOT MAINTAINED - PILOT IN COMMAND 9. (C) STALL - INADVERTENT - PILOT IN COMMAND 10. (C) REMEDIAL ACTION - IMPROPER - PILOT IN COMMAND ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings 11. (C) DESIGN STRESS LIMITS OF AIRCRAFT - EXCEEDED - PILOT IN COMMAND 12. STABILIZER - OVERLOAD 13. STABILIZER - SEPARATION 14. WING - OVERLOAD 15. WING - SEPARATION ---------Occurrence #3: Phase of Operation: IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER DESCENT - UNCONTROLLED

Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO USE THE AIRPLANE'S ICE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT, WHICH RESULTED IN A PERFORMANCE LOSS DUE TO INDUCTION ICING, PROPELLER ICING, OR BOTH, WHILE FLYING IN CONVECTIVE INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC) AT AND ABOVE THE FREEZING LEVEL. THE PERFORMANCE LOSS LED TO A STALL, THE RECOVERY FROM WHICH PROBABLY WAS EXACERBATED BY THE PILOT'S IMPROPER RESPONSE TO ERRONEOUS AIRSPEED INDICATIONS THAT RESULTED FROM BLOCKAGE OF THE PITOT TUBE BY ATMOSPHERIC ICING.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident SEA85LA073 File No. 142

3/12/1985 CESSNA / 172 LYCOMING / O-320-E2D Substantial 1 None Personal Part 91: General Aviation AFTON, WY LOVELOCK, NV On Airport SODA SPRINGS MUNCIPAL 16 3500 / 50 Asphalt Snow--dry

SODA SPRINGS, ID

Aircraft Reg No. N8553X Crew Pass Fatal 0 0 Serious 0 0

Time (Local): 12:15 PST Minor/None 1 1

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under: Last Depart. Point: Destination: Airport Proximity: Airport Name: Runway Identification: Runway Length/Width (Ft): Runway Surface: Runway Surface Condition:

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Pilot Visual Meteorological Cond None 30.00 SM 360 / 002 Kts -1 None None

Pilot-in-Command Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Private; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings None

Age: 57

305 52 Unk/Nr Unk/Nr

THE PLT MADE A PRECAUTIONARY LANDING DUE TO AN ICED UP PITOT TUBE. THE PLT LANDED WITH EXCESS SPEED AND WAS UNABLE TO STOP THE ACFT BEFORE IT OVERRAN THE END OF THE RWY. IT STRUCK A SNOW BANK AND THEN FLIPPED INVERTED.

Brief of Accident (Continued) 3/12/1985 OVERRUN LANDING - ROLL SODA SPRINGS, ID Aircraft Reg No. N8553X Time (Local): 12:15 PST

SEA85LA073 File No. 142 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

Findings 1. (F) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 2. (C) AIRSPEED - EXCESSIVE - PILOT IN COMMAND ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: NOSE OVER LANDING - ROLL

Findings 3. (F) TERRAIN CONDITION - SNOW COVERED Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. There is no causal narrative file for this case.

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National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident

ANC84LA160 File No. 2112

9/2/1984 PIPER / PA-28 LYCOMING / O-320-D3G Substantial 1 None Personal Part 91: General Aviation Same as Accident MCCARTHY, AK On Airport CHISTOCHINA 00 2200 / 40 Gravel Dry

CHISTOCHINA, AK

Aircraft Reg No. N4362V Crew Pass Fatal 0 0 Serious 0 0

Time (Local): 09:00 ADT Minor/None 1 3

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under: Last Depart. Point: Destination: Airport Proximity: Airport Name: Runway Identification: Runway Length/Width (Ft): Runway Surface: Runway Surface Condition:

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Day Unk/Nr Visual Meteorological Cond None 60.00 SM Calm 4 None None

Pilot-in-Command

Age: 39

Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Private; Single-engine Land; Single-engine Sea Instrument Ratings None

234 4 79 17

THE ACFT COLLIDED WITH A CAR DURING AN ABORTED TAKEOFF. THE PLT SAID THAT THE ACFT WOULD NOT ATTAIN FLYING SPEED SO HALFWAY DOWN THE RWY SHE ABORTED THE TAKEOFF. SHE ALSO SAID THAT SHE AND HER PASSENGERS REMOVED FROST OFF THE ACFT FOR ABOUT 25 MINUTES BEFORE THE ATTEMPTED TAKEOFF. THE AIRSPEED INDICATOR NEVER MOVED OFF OF ZERO AND SHE DID NOT ATTEMPT TOGET THE ACFT OFF THE GROUND.

Brief of Accident (Continued) 9/2/1984 CHISTOCHINA, AK Aircraft Reg No. N4362V Time (Local): 09:00 ADT

ANC84LA160 File No. 2112 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION TAKEOFF - ROLL/RUN

Findings 1. (F) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 2. (F) PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - BLOCKED(TOTAL) 3. (C) ICE/FROST REMOVAL FROM AIRCRAFT - INADEQUATE - PILOT IN COMMAND 4. (F) FLIGHT/NAV INSTRUMENTS,AIRSPEED INDICATOR - INOPERATIVE 5. (C) ANTI-ICE/DEICE SYSTEM - NOT USED - PILOT IN COMMAND 6. (C) AIRSPEED - NOT IDENTIFIED - PILOT IN COMMAND 7. (C) JUDGMENT - POOR - PILOT IN COMMAND ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: ON GROUND/WATER COLLISION WITH OBJECT TAKEOFF - ROLL/RUN

Findings 8. (F) OBJECT - VEHICLE 9. (F) ABORTED TAKEOFF - ATTEMPTED - PILOT IN COMMAND Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. There is no causal narrative file for this case.

Printed on 11/13/2003

National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 Brief of Accident CHI84LA055 File No. 2873

12/8/1983 CESSNA / 310L CONTINENTAL / IO-470-V Substantial 2 On-demand Air Taxi ANDERSON AVIATION, INC. Non-scheduled; Cargo; Domestic Part 135: Air Taxi & Commuter

WEST LAFAYETTE, IN

Aircraft Reg No. N2222F Crew Pass Fatal 0 0 Serious 0 0

Time (Local): 00:43 EST Minor/None 1 0

Make/Model: Engine Make/Model: Aircraft Damage: Number of Engines: Operating Certificate(s): Name of Carrier: Type of Flight Operation: Reg. Flight Conducted Under:

Last Depart. Point: WEST CHICAGO, IL Destination: ANDERSON, IN Airport Proximity: Off Airport/Airstrip

Condition of Light: Weather Info Src: Basic Weather: Lowest Ceiling: Visibility: Wind Dir/Speed: Temperature (C): Obstr to Vision: Precipitation: Flight Time (Hours) Total All Aircraft: Last 90 Days: Total Make/Model: Total Instrument Time:

Night/Dark Weather Observation Facility Instrument Meteorological Cond 1400 Ft. AGL, Overcast 2.00 SM 050 / 005 Kts 0 Fog Snow

Pilot-in-Command

Age: 32

Certificate(s)/Rating(s) Flight Instructor; Commercial; Multi-engine Land; Single-engine Land Instrument Ratings Airplane

3944 326 908 369

THE PLT WAS UNABLE TO START THE ENG WITH THE BATTERIES & MADE A START BY USING AN APU. ABOUT 10 MIN AFTER TAKING OFF, HE NOTICED AN OFF FLAG ON THE HSI. A FURTHER CHECK WAS MADE & HE DISCOVERED THE LEFT ALTERNATOR WAS NOT FUNCTIONING. HE THEN CHECKED THE CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL, BY FEEL, & PUSHED IN A BREAKER. AT THAT TIME, TOTAL ELECTRICAL FAILURE OCCURRED. AFTER FLYING ABOUT 40 MIN BY USING PARTIAL PANEL PROCEDURES. HE DESCENDED THRU IFR CONDITIONS, SAW A DESERTED/SNOW COVERED STREET & DECIDED TO LAND. HOWEVER, BEFORE DESCENDING, THE ACFT HAD 'PICKED UP SOME ICE,' & WITH NO PITOT HEAT, THE PITOT HEAT TUBE HAD ICED OVER, MAKING THE AIRSPEED INDICATOR INOP. ALSO, WITH ELECTRICAL FAILURE, THE PLT WAS UNABLE TO EXTEND THE FLAPS. WHILE LANDING, THE PLT WAS UNABLE TO STOP BEFORE REACHING THE END OF THE SNOW COVERED STREET & THE ACFT HIT A DIRT BANK & WAS DAMAGED. A EXAM REVEALED A LOOSE CONNECTION ON THE LEFT ALTERATOR, SHORTING ACROSS THE BRUSH LEADS. THE 'Y' CONNECTION ON THE RIGHT ALTERNATOR WAS BURNT/2 WIRES BURNT OFF.

Brief of Accident (Continued) 12/8/1983 WEST LAFAYETTE, IN Aircraft Reg No. N2222F Time (Local): 00:43 EST

CHI84LA055 File No. 2873 Occurrence #1: Phase of Operation:

AIRFRAME/COMPONENT/SYSTEM FAILURE/MALFUNCTION CRUISE - NORMAL

Findings 1. (C) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ELECTRIC WIRING - LOOSE 2. (C) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ALTERNATOR - SHORTED 3. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,CIRCUIT BREAKER - POPPED/TRIPPED 4. EMERGENCY PROCEDURE - ATTEMPTED - PILOT IN COMMAND 5. (C) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,ELECTRIC WIRING - BURNED 6. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - INOPERATIVE 7. ANTI-ICE/DEICE SYSTEM,PITOT HEAT - INOPERATIVE 8. FLIGHT CONTROL,FLAP - INOPERATIVE ---------Occurrence #2: Phase of Operation: IN FLIGHT ENCOUNTER WITH WEATHER CRUISE

Findings 9. (F) LIGHT CONDITION - DARK NIGHT 10. (F) WEATHER CONDITION - CLOUDS 11. (F) WEATHER CONDITION - ICING CONDITIONS 12. PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM - ICE 13. FLIGHT/NAV INSTRUMENTS,AIRSPEED INDICATOR - INOPERATIVE ---------Occurrence #3: Phase of Operation: ON GROUND/WATER ENCOUNTER WITH TERRAIN/WATER LANDING - ROLL

Findings 14. PRECAUTIONARY LANDING - PERFORMED - PILOT IN COMMAND 15. LOWERING OF FLAPS - NOT POSSIBLE 16. AIRSPEED INDICATOR - INACCURATE 17. (F) TERRAIN CONDITION - SNOW COVERED 18. (F) TERRAIN CONDITION - DIRT BANK/RISING EMBANKMENT Findings Legend: (C) = Cause, (F) = Factor The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows. There is no causal narrative file for this case.

Printed on 11/13/2003