K02 03 20060309 Substation Configuration Substation Configuration Language Based Engineering Language Based Engineering Dr. Alexander Apostolov OMICRON Page: 2 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Tools SAS Engineering Tools The IEC 61850 series defines requirements on engineering-tools, especially for system configuration and parameterization. To be able to exchange the device descriptions and system parameters between tools of different manufacturers in a compatible way, IEC 61850-6 defines a substation configuration language (SCL). SCL allows to describe the capabilities of an IED in terms of the models of IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7-x for import to the system engineering tool. OMICRON Page: 3 K02 03 20060309 Objectives Objectives DATA CONSITENCY: between domains (communication, HMI, graphical, automation, etc.) between devices (HMI, gateway, bay computer, protections, etc) LIFE CYCLE APPROACH Manage evolutions during the system life Handle legacy devices LARGE DATA FLOWS: More data than with legacy communication protocols More flows (client/servers, peer-to-peer), not only master slave EASE OF USE Implicit processing (data, logic) No need to be an IEC 61850 expert OMICRON Page: 4 K02 03 20060309 Data consistency: Concepts Data consistency: Concepts 4 Domains in 1 Tool Electrical Part System Part Graphical Part Automation Part EDITORS Object oriented with hierarchical domain approach in line with IEC 61850 hierarchy Key features Create/Delete Relations (bindings) between domains Template management (per domain and composite) Check per editor and global (completion, consistency) OMICRON Page: 5 K02 03 20060309 Large volume of data handling: Large volume of data handling: Concepts Concepts Graphical template example Instances CB1 CB2 CB3 Automatic CB1 CB2 CB3 Evolution TEMPLATES A template can be made of Graphical, Electrical, System and Automation domains. It might be imported (typ. An IED) QUERIES Database on Multiple criteria OMICRON Page: 6 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Tools SAS Engineering Tools Successful implementation of Substation Automation Systems (SAS) requires the availability of appropriate engineering tools Used to determine and to document the application specific functionality and the integration of devices into the SAS. Project design tools Configuration tools Documentation tools OMICRON Page: 7 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Tools SAS Engineering Tools SCL is used also to describe all data needed to define system parameters for a single IED. This includes especially the binding of the IED and its functions to: the substation itself, in terms of its single line diagram to the communication system. The Substation Configuration Language is based on XML OMICRON Page: 8 K02 03 20060309 TLAs TLAs and and FLAs FLAs SGML - Structured Generalized Markup Language - 1988 HTML HyperText Markup Language (current version 4.01 is meant to be final) XML - eXtensible Markup Language - 1998 XSL - eXtensible Stylesheet Language CSS - Cascading Style Sheets XHTML - HTML reformulated as an application of XML OMICRON Page: 9 K02 03 20060309 UML UML The heart of object-oriented problem solving is the construction of a model. The model abstracts the essential details of the underlying problem from its usually complicated real world. Several modeling tools are wrapped under the heading of the UML, which stands for Unified Modeling Language. OMICRON Page: 10 K02 03 20060309 UML UML The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of different simple or complex systems. UML uses mostly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Using the UML helps project teams communicate, explore potential designs, and validate the architectural design of the system. OMICRON Page: 11 K02 03 20060309 UML UML The UML is applicable to object- oriented problem solving. A model is an abstraction of the underlying problem. The domain is the actual world from which the problem comes. Models consist of objects that interact by sending each other messages. Objects have things they know (attributes) and things they can do (services). OMICRON Page: 12 K02 03 20060309 UML Modeling Diagrams UML Modeling Diagrams Use case diagrams Class diagrams Object diagrams Sequence diagrams Collaboration diagrams Statechart diagrams Activity diagrams Component diagrams Deployment diagrams OMICRON Page: 13 K02 03 20060309 UML: Use Case Diagrams UML: Use Case Diagrams Use case diagrams describe what a system does from the standpoint of an external observer. The emphasis is on what a system does rather than how. A scenario is an example of what happens when someone interacts with the system. An actor is who or what initiates the events involved in that task. Actors are simply roles that people or objects play. The connection between actor and use case is a communication association. OMICRON Page: 14 K02 03 20060309 UML: Class Diagrams UML: Class Diagrams Class diagram gives an overview of a system by showing its classes and the relationships among them. Class diagrams are static -- they display what interacts but not what happens when they do interact. UML class notation is a rectangle divided into three parts: class name, attributes, and operations. Class Name Attribute 1 Attribute 2 : Attribute n Service 1 Service 2 : Service n OMICRON Page: 15 K02 03 20060309 UML: Class Diagrams UML: Class Diagrams Association -- a relationship between instances of the two classes. There is an association between two classes if an instance of one class must know about the other in order to perform its work. In a diagram, an association is a link connecting two classes. Aggregation -- an association in which one class belongs to a collection. An aggregation has a diamond end pointing to the part containing the whole. Generalization -- an inheritance link indicating one class is a superclass of the other. A generalization has a triangle pointing to the super-class. OMICRON Page: 16 K02 03 20060309 UML: Class Diagrams UML: Class Diagrams Multiplicity of an association end is the number of possible instances of the class associated with a single instance of the other end. Multiplicities are single numbers or ranges of numbers. OMICRON Page: 17 K02 03 20060309 UML: Class Diagrams UML: Class Diagrams Multiplicities Meaning 0..1 0 or 1 instance. The notation n . . m indicates n to m instances. 0..* or * No limit on the number of instances (including none). 1 exactly one instance 1..* at least one instance OMICRON Page: 18 K02 03 20060309 UML: Class Diagrams UML: Class Diagrams DATA DataAttribute 1..* 1 1..* 1 LOGI CAL-NODE 1..* 1 1..* 1 LOGICAL-DEVICE 1..* 1 1..* 1 Name ObjectName ObjectReference SERVER 1..* 1 1..* 1 Association Aggregation Generalization Multiplicity OMICRON Page: 19 K02 03 20060309 UML: Object Diagrams UML: Object Diagrams Object diagrams show instances instead of classes. They instantiate class diagrams InstanceName1:Class Name InstanceName2:Class Name InstanceNameN:Class Name OMICRON Page: 20 K02 03 20060309 UML: Sequence Diagrams UML: Sequence Diagrams Class and object diagrams are static model views. Interaction diagrams are dynamic. They describe how objects collaborate. A sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that details how operations are carried out -- what messages are sent and when. Sequence diagrams are organized according to time. Client Control Object Oper_req(off) Oper_rsp+ Report_req(off) Activation bar Message OMICRON Page: 21 K02 03 20060309 UML: UML: Statechart Statechart Diagrams Diagrams Objects have behaviors and state. The state of an object depends on its current activity or condition. A statechart diagram shows the possible states of the object and the transitions that cause a change in state. States are rounded rectangles. Transitions are arrows from one state to another. Events or conditions that trigger transitions are written beside the arrows. OMICRON Page: 22 K02 03 20060309 UML: UML: Statechart Statechart Diagrams Diagrams - - SBO SBO Ready Oper_req[Test not ok]^client.Oper_rsp- WaitForActivationTime entry / start timer TimOper_req[Test not ok]^client.TimOper_rsp- Oper_req[Test ok, sboClass=OPERATE_MANY]^client.Oper_rsp+ TimOper_req[Test ok]^client.TimOper_rsp+ timer expired[Test ok, sboClass=OPERATE_MANY] ^client.TimOper_rsp+ Unselected Timeout cancel_req^client.cancel_rsp+ timer expired[Test not ok] ^client.TimOper_rsp- Sel_req[Test not ok]^client.Sel_rsp- Sel_req[Test ok]^client.Sel_rsp+ timer expired[Test ok, sboClass=OPERATE_ONCE] ^client.TimOper_rsp+ Oper_req[Test ok, sboClass=OPERATE_ONCE]^client.Oper_rsp+ OMICRON Page: 23 K02 03 20060309 Why XML? Why XML? Offers a method for putting structured data into a text file Looks a bit like HTML Is machine readable, but human intelligible Comprises of a family of technologies Is verbose Is relatively new, but has honorable roots Is license free, platform-independent and well supported OMICRON Page: 24 K02 03 20060309 Why XML? Why XML? Extensible means that it can be advanced to meet specific needs by creating descriptive tags to fit the requirements of the problem domain Files can be edited using off-the-shelf text editors Availability of specialized tools OMICRON Page: 25 K02 03 20060309 File name extensions File name extensions .xml - generic XML file extension .xsl - Extensible Markup Language File .xsd - Extensible Schema Definition .xdr - XML Data Reduced Schema .dtd - Data Type Definition OMICRON Page: 26 K02 03 20060309 Markup description Markup description <pickup>1.5</ pickup > Element name Element content Markup declaration open Markup declaration close Element termination OMICRON Page: 27 K02 03 20060309 XML schemas XML schemas Need for a mechanism to enforce constraints Defines document content rules Describes the structure that determines: order of elements presence of elements and attributes indication of number of expected occurrences The above rules are incorporated into a Schema that defines the structure of an XML instance OMICRON Page: 28 K02 03 20060309 XML Documents Validation XML Documents Validation XML documents are validated by XML parsers or other development tools A " Well Formed" XML document is a document that conforms to the XML syntax rules A " Valid" XML document is a " Well Formed" XML document which conforms to the rules of a Document Type Definition (DTD) or other schema. OMICRON Page: 29 K02 03 20060309 Displaying XML Displaying XML Since XML defines the data structure, it will not display a page by itself. We must use a formatting technology, such as CSS or XSL to display XML-tagged documents in a Web browser. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), are the current way to display XML documents in a Web browser. CSS is a means of assigning display values to page elements. OMICRON Page: 30 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Process SAS Engineering Process OMICRON Page: 31 K02 03 20060309 Example MMXU Example MMXU - - Notepad view Notepad view OMICRON Page: 32 K02 03 20060309 XML Applications XML Applications Part 6 of the IEC 61850 standard specifies a description language for configurations of electrical substation IEDs Substation Configuration Language (SCL) based on XML Version 1.0 It is used to describe IED configurations and communication systems according to parts 5 and 7 of this standard. Description of the relations between the substation automation system and the substation (switchyard) itself OMICRON Page: 33 K02 03 20060309 XML Applications XML Applications For easier engineering of application functions. SCL allows the description of an IED configuration to be passed to a communication and application system engineering tool Its main purpose is to allow the interoperable exchange of communication system configuration data between an IED configuration tool and a system configuration tool of different manufacturers. OMICRON Page: 34 K02 03 20060309 XML Applications XML Applications Example from IEC 61850, Part 6 - Substation Configuration Language(SCL): OMICRON Page: 35 K02 03 20060309 Substation Configuration Substation Configuration Language SCL Language SCL Must be capable of describing: A system specification in terms of the single line diagram, and allocation of logical nodes (LN) to parts and equipment of the single line to indicate the needed functionality. Pre-configured IEDs with a fixed number of logical nodes (LNs), but with no binding to a specific process . may only be related to a very general process function part. Pre-configured IEDs with a pre-configured semantic for a process part of a certain structure, for example a double busbar GIS line feeder. OMICRON Page: 36 K02 03 20060309 Substation Configuration Substation Configuration Language SCL Language SCL Must be capable of describing: Complete process configuration with all IEDs bound to individual process functions and primary equipment, enhanced by the access point connections and possible access paths in subnetworks for all possible clients. As above, but additionally with all predefined associations and client server connections between logical nodes on data level. This is needed if an IED is not capable of dynamically building associations or reporting connections (either on the client or on the server side). OMICRON Page: 37 K02 03 20060309 Substation Configuration Substation Configuration Language SCL Language SCL Substation section: describes the substation single line diagram, and its binding to logical nodes as well as the placement of logical nodes onto IEDs. Thus also the binding of IEDs to substation parts and substation devices is defined. Communication section: describes the communication connections between IEDs in terms of connecting communication links. OMICRON Page: 38 K02 03 20060309 Substation Configuration Substation Configuration Language SCL Language SCL IED section: describes the capabilities (configuration) of one or more IEDs, and the binding to logical nodes on other IEDs. LNType section: defines which data objects are actually contained within the logical node instances defined for the IEDs. OMICRON Page: 39 K02 03 20060309 Objectives Objectives Voltage level Bay Device CBR ConNode DIS PTR IED AccessPoint Server LDevice LNode Subnetwork 1..* 1..2 1..* 1..* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Data 1 1 1 1..* 1..* associations 0,1 0,1 Functional / substation structure Product / IED structure Communication structure 0..* Substation 1 1 Terminal 1 1 0..5 Subdevice Phase 1 Router OMICRON Page: 40 K02 03 20060309 SCL UML Diagram Example SCL UML Diagram Example OMICRON Page: 41 K02 03 20060309 SCL Examples SCL Examples OMICRON Page: 42 K02 03 20060309 SCL UML Diagram Example: IED SCL UML Diagram Example: IED OMICRON Page: 43 K02 03 20060309 SCL Files SCL Files Data exchange from a system specification tool to the system configuration tool. This file describes the single line diagram of the substation and the required logical nodes. The file extension shall be .SSD for System Specification Description. Data exchange from the IED configuration tool to the system configuration tool. This file describes the capabilities of an IED. The file extension shall be .ICD for IED Capability Description. OMICRON Page: 44 K02 03 20060309 SCL Files SCL Files Data exchange from the system configuration tool to IED configuration tools. This file contains all IEDs, communication configuration and substation description sections. The file extension shall be .SCD for Substation Configuration Description. OMICRON Page: 45 K02 03 20060309 SCL Files SCL Files Data exchange from the IED configuration tool to the IED. It describes an instantiated IED within a project. The communication section contains the current address of the IED. The substation section related to this IED may be present and then shall have name values assigned according to the project specific names. It is an SCD file, possibly stripped down to what the concerned IED shall know. The file extension shall be .CID for Configured IED Description. OMICRON Page: 46 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Process SAS Engineering Process Define the functional specification according to the approved protection, automation and control concepts and users standards. This is done using the substation one line diagram and defining: Protection functions required for each primary substation or system component Measurements and status information needed Controls to be used Reporting requirements Monitoring and recording requirements OMICRON Page: 47 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Process SAS Engineering Process Redundancy requirements Communications architecture Substation level functions Other as necessary All of the above should be produced by a system specification tool that provides as an output an SSD file. OMICRON Page: 48 K02 03 20060309 SAS Engineering Process SAS Engineering Process OMICRON Page: 49 K02 03 20060309 The Revolution The Revolution Need for some further development, including: Completion of the settings parts of the logical nodes class models Inclusion of the settings in the ICD and CID files Harmonization between the CIM model and the IEC 61850 model Extensions in the system model to cover the needs of coordination and analysis tools Addition of IED setting configuration functions in the System Configuration tools OMICRON Page: 50 K02 03 20060309 The Revolution The Revolution As a result it will be possible to extend the use of the SCD files for the following substation automation systems engineering tasks: Automatic creation of the graphical user interface from the SCD file, including the different screen layouts Automatic mapping of the different measurements and status information from the IEDs to the substation HMI Automatic configuration of the IED or substation protection and control system testing process Automatic substation event analysis OMICRON Page: 51 K02 03 20060309 The Benefits The Benefits Quite significant Reduce the costs for system design Improve factory and site acceptance testing Improve the maintenance process Improve the overall quality of the substation automation system OMICRON Page: 52 K02 03 20060309 The IEC 61850 Test Configuration The IEC 61850 Test Configuration Scheme Testing Tool IED Simulator Test Device IEC 61850 Standard System Configuration Tool SCD File IEC 61850 Standard Test Configuration Tool Network System Simulator Other Test Modules MU Simulator MU Simulator MU Simulator IED Simulator IED Simulator ICD File ICD File