Sample Product Solutions Student Guide

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS Student Guide
Copyright 2001 ATRICA, Inc. All rights reserved.
The material provided is protected in accordance with the United States Copyright Act of 1978, as amended. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means, or used to make any derivative work (such as translation or adaptation) without written permission from Atrica, Inc. Information presented in this document is subject to change without notice. Trademarks ASPEN is a trademark of Atrica, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
NOTICE TO U. S. GOVERNMENT LICENSEES For Department of Defense RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, application or disclosure by the government is subject to restriction as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software Clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. For All Other Executive Agencies NOTICE Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of this computer software, the rights of the Government regarding its use, reproduction, and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19.
Atrica, Inc. has licensed this training material to the parties delivering this training. Atrica, Inc. does not certify that the information the delivering parties provide is correct and will not be held liable for any damages that are a direct or indirect result of information contained in this guide. Atrica equipment uses electronic components that are sensitive to static electricity. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) from your clothing or other items around you, even at levels that do not create a spark, can cause damage. You should take all possible precautions to prevent ESD damage when working with printed circuit boards. Keep each board in its protective conductive bay until you are ready to install it. Before you touch a printed circuit board, be sure to put on a grounded antistatic wrist strap and leash to free yourself of static. Then place each printed circuit board on a grounded antistatic mat while setting its configuration. If you lack a grounded antistatic wrist strap, leash, and mat, be careful to stand in one place when you work (so you do not generate static electricity by friction), free yourself of static by touching a grounded metal object before handling a printed circuit board, and place the board on its protective conductive bay while you check or set its configuration. Printed in the U. S. A. Document P/N: ATTL2SP-AE
ATTL2SP-AE
Table of Contents
Unit #1 Introduction To A-2000 .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Unit 1 Objectives: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Introduction to A-2000 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Important Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Link:...................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Connection: .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Ingress Traffic Flow: ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Egress Traffic Flow: .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Type of Services Offered....................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Transparent LAN Services (TLS).......................................................................................................................................... 18 Circuit Emulation Service (CES) ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Virtual Private Network (VPN) .............................................................................................................................................. 18
A-2000 Product Family Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 20 2140 Overview ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 A-2000 Series Features and Benefits ................................................................................................................................... 24 Flexible, Multi-Protocol Metro Access ................................................................................................................................... 24 Carrier Class Redundancy and Resiliency ........................................................................................................................... 25 Industry-Leading Service Provisioning and Management Solution ....................................................................................... 25 A-2000 Chassis .................................................................................................................................................................... 26 A-2000 Product FamilyFront Panel (Power Inlet, System Indicators, and Management Access) ......................................... 26 A-2000 Management Access ............................................................................................................................................... 26 A-2100 Chassis .................................................................................................................................................................... 27 A-2000 Series Features and Benefits ................................................................................................................................... 27 Flexible, Multi-Protocol Metro Access ................................................................................................................................... 27 Carrier Class Redundancy and Resiliency ........................................................................................................................... 28 Industry-Leading Service Provisioning and Management Solution ....................................................................................... 28 A-2101 Chassis .................................................................................................................................................................... 28 A-2101 Network Ports .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 A2101 Network ports has the following indicators: ............................................................................................................... 29 A-2101 12/24 Fast Ethernet 100Base-FX Access Ports Models .......................................................................................... 29 24 Fast Ethernet 100Base-TX Access Ports Models ............................................................................................................ 29 A-2101 Alarms Management Interface ................................................................................................................................. 30 A-2101 System Indicators .................................................................................................................................................... 30 A-2101 Power Supply........................................................................................................................................................... 30 A-2140 Network Ports .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 A-2140 Alarms and Indicators .............................................................................................................................................. 31 A-2100/2140 Access Modules .............................................................................................................................................. 31
OC-3/STM-1 Applications ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32 P2P ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 ATTL2SP-AE 9
Grooming ............................................................................................................................................................................. 33 OC-3/STM-1 module modes ................................................................................................................................................ 34 OC-3/STM-1 CES Frame format .......................................................................................................................................... 35 Protection ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
Network Core Connectors ..................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Policing Functionality Overview............................................................................................................................................................. 39 Terminology.......................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Packet Processing Engine .................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Policing Algorithm ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
OA&M Packets...................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41 Hello Protocol ....................................................................................................................................................................... 41 SLA Measurement................................................................................................................................................................ 41 Connection Traceroute (Release 2.2 and above) ................................................................................................................. 42
Protection .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
Multicast ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 44 A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Queuing Scheme 1 Gigabit Ethernet Access Module........................................................... 46 Ingress queuing .................................................................................................................................................................... 46 Egress queuing .................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Scheduling ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
Queuing and Scheduling ....................................................................................................................................................................... 49 A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Queuing Scheme 24 Port FE Module................................................................................... 49
QOS & Priority....................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Ingress Path Prioritization ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 Egress Path Prioritization ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
LATENCY ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Quick Setup For Network Management Access.................................................................................................................................... 52
A-2000 Architecture Software ............................................................................................................................................................... 54 Download file process .......................................................................................................................................................... 54 System loader ...................................................................................................................................................................... 55
10
ATTL2SP-AE
Flash saver ........................................................................................................................................................................... 55 Watchdog Software Routine ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Standard Packages............................................................................................................................................................................... 56 Protocol Stack ...................................................................................................................................................................... 56 System Initialization .............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Connection Control Process ................................................................................................................................................. 57 Command line interface........................................................................................................................................................ 57 Telnet ................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Init Process ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Boot diagnostics ................................................................................................................................................................... 59 A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 59 Resets .................................................................................................................................................................................. 60
Flash ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Access Levels ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Serviceability ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Logging ................................................................................................................................................................................ 63
SAMPLE A-2000 NETWORK ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 SAMPLE A-2000 CONFIG FILE........................................................................................................................................... 65
A-100 Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................... 67 FE Demarcation Module....................................................................................................................................................... 67 FE Demarcation Module Features........................................................................................................................................ 68 Topologies ............................................................................................................................................................................ 68
Introduction to the A-8X00/4100......................................................................................................................................................... 71
Unit 2 Objectives: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
A-8X00 CHASSIS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 72
A-4100 Chassis..................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 A-4100 Backplane ................................................................................................................................................................ 75 A-4100 DC Power Supply Unit ............................................................................................................................................. 75 A-4100 Fan Tray .................................................................................................................................................................. 76
A-4100 Network Management .............................................................................................................................................................. 76 Console Port and CLI ........................................................................................................................................................... 76 Other Management Protocols............................................................................................................................................... 77 ATTL2SP-AE 11
A-8X00/4100 Important Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ 78
Atrica Network Domains........................................................................................................................................................................ 79 Atrica Network Solution Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 79 The Atrica network is divided into three distinct domains: ..................................................................................................... 80
Different forwarding technologies are used in the various domains:...................................................................................................... 81
Chassis Options .................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
A-8X00/4100 Backplane ....................................................................................................................................................................... 84
DC Input Supply .................................................................................................................................................................................... 85 Remote sense connection for LVD. ...................................................................................................................................... 86 Power Bus: ........................................................................................................................................................................... 88 Power Shutdown: ................................................................................................................................................................. 88
A-8X00/4100 Physical Components...................................................................................................................................................... 89
A-8000 Alarms ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 90
A-8X00/4100 Cooling System ............................................................................................................................................................... 95
A-8X00/4100 Cabling and Transceiver Considerations ......................................................................................................................... 96
A-8X00/4100 Electronic Modules .......................................................................................................................................................... 97 A-8X00/4100 Switch PCBs (SWC Functionality ................................................................................................................... 98 External Interfaces Front panel/Backplane ......................................................................................................................... 98 New SWC Design............................................................................................................................................................... 100 SWC/IFC Interface ............................................................................................................................................................. 101 SWC LED(s)....................................................................................................................................................................... 102
A8x00 GNP PCB................................................................................................................................................................................. 104 GNP8LEDs......................................................................................................................................................................... 107 GNP 8 General Information ................................................................................................................................................ 107
GNP10 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 108 Backward Compatibility ...................................................................................................................................................... 108
12
ATTL2SP-AE
3.X User Edge Overview .................................................................................................................................................................. 110 R3.X User Edge: Features ................................................................................................................................................. 111 R3.0 Unsupported features: ............................................................................................................................................... 112 Core-User Edge Functionality Connection Analyzer........................................................................................................... 114 Core-User Edge Functionality Element Manager ............................................................................................................... 115 Core-User Edge Functionality Element Manager ............................................................................................................... 116
Quick Setup For Initial Network Management Access......................................................................................................................... 117 Using the Console Port to Setup IP Parameters................................................................................................................. 118
A-8X00/4100 Core Device Configuration ............................................................................................................................................ 119 Sample A-8100-1 Config File.............................................................................................................................................. 120 Configuring A-8100-2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 121
Connection Provisioning and Networking ........................................................................................................................................ 123
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
Atrica Network Domains...................................................................................................................................................................... 124 Connections Paths ............................................................................................................................................................. 125 Domain Traffic Flow............................................................................................................................................................ 126 Domain Frame Formats ..................................................................................................................................................... 127 Layer 2 Header................................................................................................................................................................... 127 Atrica Transport Frame Format Details............................................................................................................................... 129 Network Edge interface ...................................................................................................................................................... 130 Network Core Interface....................................................................................................................................................... 130 Fast Protection Tunnel ....................................................................................................................................................... 131
ATTL2SP-AE
13
Unit #5 ASPEN INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................... 132
Unit 5 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................................................. 132
ASPEN OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................................... 132
Introduction To ASPEN .................................................................................................................................................................... 133
Solaris Installation General Information ......................................................................................................................................... 136
Hardware Requirements ................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Software Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Installation Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 137
QUITTING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS...................................................................................................................................... 138
14
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
UNIT 1
Unit #1 Introduction to the A-2000
Unit 1 Objectives:
After completing this unit, you will be able to: do the following: Install and configure the entire A-2000 Product Family. As well as have a strong working knowledge of the following: Interfaces Connections System Management Serviceability
ATTL2SP-AE
15
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Introduction to A-2000
The purpose of this unit is to introduce the A-2100. We will examine the features and functions of the A-2000 Product Family as well as determine how this switch fits into Atricas solutions for optical networks. The A-2000 Product Family is known as a Ethernet Switching Unit, and as such its primary function is to connect the user premise equipment to the network edge of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). It performs this interfacing function by utilizing 10/100 Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, or T1/E1 interfaces on one side and Optical Gigabit Ethernet on the other side. As a carrier class device in design and functionality this switch enables fully provisioned network services at service level agreements (SLA) acceptable to the carrier network space. As a member of Atricas Optical Ethernet Network family of products the A-2000 Product Family Optical Ethernet Edge Switch provides access to Atricas Optical Ethernet network core switching devices. The A2000 Product Family device can be located in: CO or POP CoLo Customer premises
16
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Definitions
Ingress
Ingress
Core
Egress Egress
Important Definitions
Link: Physical connectivity between two products. Connection: Logical connectivity between two or more products. Ingress Traffic Flow: From edge to core Egress Traffic Flow: From core to edge
ATTL2SP-AE
17
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Type of Services Offered

The types of services offered with Atrica networking equipment are: Transparent LAN Services (TLS) Multi site connectivity Circuit Emulation Service (CES) Delivering TDM connectivity for Voice and Data Virtual Private Network (VPN) Point to- Point (leased line) connections
18
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
ATTL2SP-AE
19
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2000 Product Family Overview

The A-2000 Product Family Optical Ethernet Edge Switch is a standalone product, located either at: The customer premises (or near it) Or at a gateway location.
20
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
The A-2000 Product Family is comprised of the access side, which is connected to the customer (business or ISP) equipment, and the network side connected to the Atrica powered metro core. The connection to the network side is through Gigabit Ethernet ((SFP) interfaces. The access side can contain the following electronic modules: Fast Ethernet Access Module (24-10/100 RJ-45 ports or 16 10/100 RJ-45 ports) Gigabit Ethernet Access Module (each module has 1 Gig Ethernet port) CES T1/E1 interface(s)
ATTL2SP-AE
21
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Atricas A-2000 series of Optical Ethernet Edge Switches has been developed specifically to enable cost-effective, quick customer Ethernet access to Metro networks. Hot swappable access modules for the A-2000 include: 10/100BaseTX 100BaseFX Fast Ethernet modules GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet modules TDM Circuit Emulation Services (CES) modules
22
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
2140 Overview The A-2140 chassis is a 1U high device that can be mounted in 19 and 23 racks. Wall mounting and middle-rack installation are also supported. The device has an access bay that can accommodate up to two hot swappable access modules. The A-2140 includes: Network ports Management ports Dry contacts alarms port. The A-2140 can accommodate one or two redundant Power Supply modules, accessible from the rear panel. Two different power supplies are available for the A-2140, they are: AC power supply module (powered from an 85-240V, 50-60Hz source). DC power supply module is powered from a -48VDC ( 40.5 to -75V) power source.
ATTL2SP-AE 23
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2140 Management The A-2140 devices support the following management options: RS 232 interface (DB9M connector) for a local console or remote modem access. Fast Ethernet 10/100 Base-TX interface (RJ 45 connector) for Out Of Band (OOB) access to management of the device only. In band management via a selectable dedicated access port. In band management via the network ports through configuration of a dedicated VLAN for management via a selectable access port. A-2000 Series Features and Benefits The A-2000 devices feature a 4 Gb/s, non-blocking backplane. The switch offers point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-multipoint connectivity and supports up to 2,000 simultaneous connections. Mapping scheme support include port-based and VLAN-based mapping, with plans for future support of Priority-based, IP-based and Application-based mapping. The A-2000 series devices support a broad range of intelligent network services, including granular Quality of Service and scalable virtual LANs (VLANs) that enable service providers to rapidly provision secure Ethernet access with flexible Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The A-2000 series of Optical Ethernet Edge Switches enables service providers to rapidly provision customized service on demand. All services can be provisioned using the Atrica Service Platform for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) TMF-based network and services management suite. Service Level Agreements can be provisioned in seconds with flexible parameters, including Committed Information Rate (CIR), Excess Information Rate (EIR), five levels of delay priority (fixed and variable), jitter and protection level (none, sub 50ms, sub second, sub 10 seconds). The A-2000 devices support flexible Quality of Service (QoS) according to 802.1p and IP Type of Service (TOS). QoS profiles can be assigned on a per-port, per VLAN or per priority basis. Flexible, Multi-Protocol Metro Access The A-2000 series of Optical Ethernet Edge Switches deliver flexible, affordable Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet access, supporting point-topoint, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-multipoint service topologies. Customer connections can be mapped to individual ports, Virtual LANs or
24
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
priorities. In addition to pure Ethernet connectivity, service providers can migrate legacy TDM traffic onto their Optical Ethernet network using Atricas Circuit Emulation Services. Service providers can connect TDM interfaces and provide dedicated, guaranteed bandwidth for E1/T1 and STM1/OC-3 traffic. Four priority queues per connection are supported, with priority mapping either at Layer 2 or Layer 3. Carrier Class Redundancy and Resiliency Atricas A-2000 Optical Ethernet Edge Switches have been architected to deliver the SONET-like reliability that carriers demand, but with the price, performance and scalability of Optical Ethernet. The A-2000 devices deliver failover time of sub-50 millisecond, sub-1 second or sub-10 seconds, according to service profiles. Redundant, hot swappable modules, extensive loopback capabilities and several other OAM and serviceability features and functions differentiate the A-2000 from other metro Ethernet edge switches, offering an incomparable carrier class edge device. Industry-Leading Service Provisioning and Management Solution Atricas Service Provisioning for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) solution delivers the optimal management, control and provisioning capability needed by service providers to ensure fast, reliable and flexible service operations across the network. Based on standard TeleManagement Forum (TMF) architecture, Atricas management products support all network and system management processes. The open API (Applications Programming Interface) brings fast and flexible integration with the Service Providers Operating Support Systems (OSS) applications, thus ensuring that all network elements are properly managed and controlled. The OSServer supports all network management with a comprehensive set of operations, enabling OSS applications to perform all desired functions.
ATTL2SP-AE
25
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2000 Chassis A-2000 Product Family Front Panel (Power Inlet, System Indicators, and Management Access) In addition to the various electronic modules to found in the Access Bay of an A-2000 Product Family you will also find the following connections and indicators on the front panel: Power Inlet (AC or DC) System LED indicators: Power OK/Fail Test/Loopback/Disabled Link & Activity LED(s)Management RS-232 Console port and 10/100Base-TXOut-of-band port* The A-2000 series of Optical Ethernet Edge Switches includes three chassis. Two of these chassis can accommodate a variety of hot swappable access modules. They are: A-2100 A-2140. A-2000 Management Access The following management options are supported by all A-2000 systems: RS 232 interface (DB9M connector) for a local console or remote modem access. Fast Ethernet 10/100 Base-TX interface (RJ 45 connector) for Out Of Band (OOB) access to management of the device only. In band management via a selectable dedicated access port. In band management via the network ports through configuration of a dedicated VLAN, including management of other devices via a selectable access port.
26
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2100 Chassis The A-2100 chassis is a 1U high device that can be mounted in 19 and 23 racks. Wall mounting and middle-rack installation are also supported. The device has an access bay that can accommodate up to two hot-swappable access modules. It includes an integral power supply with a front panel power inlet, network ports and management ports. Two different models of the A2100 are available: The model with an AC power supply (AT20001) is powered from the mains (85-240V, 50-60Hz). The model with a DC power supply (AT20002) is powered from a -48VDC (-40.5 to -75V) power source. The A-2000 devices feature a 4 Gb/s, non-blocking backplane. The switch offers point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-multipoint connectivity and supports up to 2,000 simultaneous connections. Mapping scheme support include port-based and VLAN-based mapping, with plans for future support of Priority-based, IP-based and Application-based mapping. The A-2000 series devices support a broad range of intelligent network services, including granular Quality of Service and scalable virtual LANs (VLANs) that enable service providers to rapidly provision secure Ethernet access with flexible Service Level Agreements (SLAs). A-2000 Series Features and Benefits The A-2000 series of Optical Ethernet Edge Switches enables service providers to rapidly provision customized service on demand. All services can be provisioned using the Atrica Service Platform for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) TMF-based network and services management suite. Service Level Agreements can be provisioned in seconds with flexible parameters, including Committed Information Rate (CIR), Excess Information Rate (EIR), five levels of delay priority (fixed and variable), jitter and protection level (none, sub 50ms, sub second, sub 10 seconds). The A-2000 devices support flexible Quality of Service (QoS) according to 802.1p and IP Type of Service (TOS). QoS profiles can be assigned on a per-port, per VLAN or per priority basis. Flexible, Multi-Protocol Metro Access The A-2000 series of Optical Ethernet Edge Switches deliver flexible, affordable Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet access, supporting point-topoint, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-multipoint service topologies. Customer connections can be mapped to individual ports, Virtual LANs or priorities. In addition to pure Ethernet connectivity, service providers can migrate legacy TDM traffic onto their Optical Ethernet network using Atricas Circuit Emulation Services. Service providers can connect TDM interfaces and provide dedicated, guaranteed bandwidth for E1/T1 and STMATTL2SP-AE 27
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
1/OC-3 traffic. Four priority queues per connection are supported, with priority mapping either at Layer 2 or Layer 3. Carrier Class Redundancy and Resiliency Atricas A-2000 Optical Ethernet Edge Switches have been architected to deliver the SONET-like reliability that carriers demand, but with the price, performance and scalability of Optical Ethernet. The A-2000 devices deliver failover time of sub-50 millisecond, sub-1 second or sub-10 seconds, according to service profiles. Redundant, hot swappable modules, extensive loopback capabilities and several other OAM and serviceability features and functions differentiate the A-2000 from other metro Ethernet edge switches, offering an incomparable carrier class edge device. Industry-Leading Service Provisioning and Management Solution Atricas Service Provisioning for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) solution delivers the optimal management, control and provisioning capability needed by service providers to ensure fast, reliable and flexible service operations across the network. Based on standard TeleManagement Forum (TMF) architecture, Atricas management products support all network and system management processes. The open API (Applications Programming Interface) brings fast and flexible integration with the Service Providers Operating Support Systems (OSS) applications, thus ensuring that all network elements are properly managed and controlled. The OSServer supports all network management with a comprehensive set of operations, enabling OSS applications to perform all desired functions. The third chassis the A-2101, offers fix access ports for network connectivity. A-2101 Chassis The A-2101 is a 1.5U high device that can be mounted in 19 and 23 racks. Wall mounting and middle-rack installation are also supported. The system has front panel power inlet, network ports, access ports, alarms control port, management ports and indicators. The unit includes two cooling fans. The A2101 product versions with different types or quantity of access port interfaces. Each product version is available with either DC or AC power supply. The currently available products are: Access Ports Type 100Base-TX 100Base-TX 100Base-FX
28
Number of Access Ports 24 24 12
Network Port Type 1000BaseLX 1000BaseLX 1000Base-
Power Supply AC DC AC
Atrica Model AT20050* AT20051* AT20062*

ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
LX 1000BaseLX 100Base-FX 24 1000BaseLX 100Base-FX 24 1000BaseLX 100Base-FX 24 SFP 100Base-FX 24 SFP * These models are not currently in production 100Base-FX 12 A-2101 Network Ports
DC AC DC AC DC
AT20063* AT20056 AT20057 AT20070 AT20071
Two full-duplex Gigabit Ethernet ports provide the connectivity to the metropolitan area network. In some models, the transceiver is an SFF compliant fixed optical module with LC connectors. This 1000Base-LX long-reach single-mode 1310nm transceiver is a class 1 laser device that supports distances up to 10km with 9/125m SMF cables. In other models, the network port allows the insertion of Small Form Factor pluggable transceivers. A2101 Network ports has the following indicators: Name Link Activity Functionality Green LED indicating whether a functioning link is detected by the port. Orange LED indicating data communication activity through the port.
A-2101 12/24 Fast Ethernet 100Base-FX Access Ports Models The 12/24 Fast Ethernet 100Base-FX Access Ports A-2101 systems provide standard 10/100Base-FX access connectivity. The full duplex 10/100Base-FX IEEE802.3u compliant ports use SFF compliant fixed optical transceivers with LC connectors. The 100Base-FX transceiver is a class 1-eye safety laser device that supports distances up to 2km with 9/125m SMF cables. One green/orange LED for each of the ports provides Link OK/Traffic/Port Disabled status indication. 24 Fast Ethernet 100Base-TX Access Ports Models The 24 Fast Ethernet 100Base-TX Access Ports version provides standard 10/100Base-TX access connectivity. The full duplex 10/100Base-TX (RJ-45) IEEE 802.3u compliant ports support auto-negotiation and automatic
ATTL2SP-AE 29
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
MDIX/MDI configuration with 100Base-TX running on CAT 5 twisted-pair cables. One green/orange LED for each of the ports provides Link OK/Traffic/Port Disabled status indication. A-2101 Alarms Management Interface The front panel of the A-2101 includes an alarm management interface (DB15M connector). The Alarm Out interface supports activation of two external devices by dry contact relay closure upon occurrence of predefined events. The Alarm In interface includes four dry contacts for alarm indications from other devices. A-2101 System Indicators
There are three system indicators on the front panel:
Name Power OK/Fail TST/LPB/Disabled A-2101 Power Supply
Functionality Green LED indicating availability of power to the unit Green/red LED indicating the operational status of the unit Green/yellow LED indicating Test/Loop Back/System Disabled status
Each A-2101 product type is available with either a DC or an AC power supply. The models with an AC power supply module are powered from the mains (110/220VAC, 50-60Hz). The models with a DC power supply are powered from a -48VDC power source. A-2140 Network Ports Two full-duplex Gigabit Ethernet ports provide the connectivity to the metropolitan area network. The use of Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP) hot-swappable transceiver with LC connectors enables the selection of interfaces to meet specific deployment needs. The currently available SFP transceivers include: 1000Base-SX SFP multi-mode 850nm transceiver for typical distances up to 500m 1000Base-LX SFP single-mode 1310nm transceiver for typical distances up to 10km. 1000Base-LH SFP single-mode 1550nm transceiver for typical distances up to 50km. 1000Base-LH SFP single-mode 1550nm transceiver for typical distances up to 70km.
30
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
1000Base-LH SFP single-mode 1550nm transceiver for typical distances up to 120km. Gigabit Ethernet CWDM transceivers for a wavelength of 1470, 1490, 1510, 1530, 1550, 1570, 1590, and 1610 nm to support connectivity to CWDM Multiplexers. Different SPFs for each wavelength support typical distances of 70 or 100km. A-2140 Alarms and Indicators The front panel of the A-2140 includes a dry contact alarms indication interface (DB15M connector). The alarms indication interface supports 4 alarm levels (Warning, Minor, Major, Critical) by relay contact closure upon occurrence of predefined events. A-2100/2140 Access Modules The following access modules are available for A-2000 series devices: 24 Port Fast Ethernet Copper Access Module (a double-slot size module) 24 Port Fast Ethernet Fiber Access Module (a double-slot size module) 8 Port Fast Ethernet Access Module (a single-slot size module) 1 Port Gigabit Ethernet Access Module (a single-slot size module) 4 Port E1/T1 Circuit Emulation Services (CES) Access Module (a single-slot size module) 1 Port STM-1/OC-3 Circuit Emulation Services (CES) Access Module (a single-slot size module) The access bay can support either a single 24 Port Fast Ethernet double-slot size module or any combination of one or two single-slot size modules. All the cables connectors are located on the front panel.
ATTL2SP-AE
31
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
OC-3/STM-1 Applications
P2P Connect between 2 CO sites No network clock recovery required Connect CPE OC-3 router (POS/ATM) to CO Need clock recovery on OC-3 from network
32
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Grooming Aggregate T1/E1 into CO at OC-3/STM-1 Network clock recovery at E1/T1 side only Aggregate T1/E1 into customer hub site at OC-3/STM-1 Network clock recovery at E1/T1 side May require clock recovery at OC-3/STM-1 side from centralized clocking
ATTL2SP-AE
33
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
OC-3/STM-1 module modes
SONET / SDH Clock Distributor for centralized clocking P2P No termination of any SONET/SDH layer. PM for section, line, path. Both OC-3c and OC-3 / VC-4 and VC-3 Grooming Termination + PM of section, line, path, VT STM-1 to VC-12 through AU-4, bit-async mapping, floating VT OC-3 to VT1.5, bit-async mapping, floating VT E1/T1 side should be configured to transparent mode Restriction - Although VT mode is floating, all VTs must be at the same clock as the OC-3/STM-1
34
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
OC-3/STM-1 CES Frame format Grooming Each VT is transported as E1/T1 in the same format as in E1/T1 module Duration = 4 P2P Each OC-3/STM-1 frame of 2430 bytes is broken into 3 parts of 810 Similar CES header as in E1/T1 Payload of 810 bytes
ATTL2SP-AE
35
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Synchronization sources External (E1/T1) Line Network (OC-3/STM-1 connection) HW ready Centralized clocking (clock connection) HW ready Improvements of clock recovery over E1/T1 Internal oscillator accuracy - 2.5PPM Special PLL for smooth switchover between external and line, and for holdover Network clock recovery module based on digital DDS component instead of analogcontrolled VCO Higher frequency stability
36
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Protection Possible protection options for OC-3/STM-1: P2P single port on each side, connection protection in 50ms Two ports on each side two unprotected diverse connections (2 services in ASPEN view) Grooming Single port OC-3/STM-1, connection protection to each E1/T1 in 50ms Two ports of OC-3/STM-1 working in 1+1 APS
ATTL2SP-AE
37
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2100 Network Ports - Front Panel View
Network Core Connectors

Each 1000BASE-X port accepts one of the following transceivers: 1000BASE-SX SFP: Use this transceiver to connect the network port directly to multimode fiber-optic cable. 1000BASE-LX SFP: Use this transceiver to connect the network port directly to singlemode fiber-optic cable or to multimode fiber using a conditioned launch cable. The SFP transceiver can be inserted and removed while the system is powered on and running. To ensure optimal compatibility, performance, and regulatory compliance, use only SFP transceivers and conditioned launch cables that Atrica supports. Before you cable the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY
38
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
make sure you are familiar with the following information relating to cable types, and cable distances, which starting in chapter 2 & 3 of the A-2000 Series Optical Ethernet Edge Switch Setup and Installation Guide.
Policing Functionality Overview

Atricas Optical Ethernet Metropolitan Area Network solutions enable true Quality-of-Service (QOS) for different services and applications, through real BW reservation inside the network. When bandwidth is reserved throughout the network it is referred to as setting a customers Service Level Agreement (SLA) for the customers data, bandwidth is reserved on a per customer, per connection basis, throughout the network for each connection. In order to guarantee that traffic entering the network is conformant to the SLA, the traffic is passed through a policing procedure at the Network Edge. Terminology CIR: Committed Information Rate the bandwidth that purchased by the customer and the customer is guaranteed that his data will pass through the Atrica transport at this rate all times. EIR: Excess Information Rate the maximum burst rate that customer data can achieve on best effort basis if bandwidth is available. DE: Discard Eligibility
Burst Window the interval during which CIR and EIR are measured- Maximum burst window size is 800 milliseconds. Traffic below CIR is always forwarded to the network. Traffic above CIR but below EIR is forwarded (if bandwidth is available) and is marked Discard Eligible (DE). Traffic above the EIR is always discarded. CIR and EIR are configured in the range from: 64Kbit/sec to 1Gbit/sec. The CIR and EIR can be changed in increments of 64Kbits/sec when the required bandwidth for data is in the range of 64Kbit/sec to 2Mbit/sec. When the required bandwidth is in the range of 2Mbit/sec to 1Gbit/sec changes are done in 1Mbit/sec increments.
ATTL2SP-AE
39
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Packet Processing Engine

The packet-processing engine performs policing on each incoming packet. At the policing stage the packet is assigned a status (below CIR, above EIR or between CIR and EIR) according to the policing parameters and connection rate. Policing is performed only on ingress path (no egress path policing). Based on this status the packet processing queuing mechanism decides which packets should be queued for forwarding and which packets should be dropped. Policing Algorithm To calculate the current rate of a connection, A-2000 packet processing engine counts the number of incoming bytes belonging to the connection. The bytes are counted on the most recent burst window, using a sliding window mechanism. Every time a packet comes in, the packet-processing engine calculates the connection rate over the burst window. I.e. how many octets were received during the last burst window size (milliseconds) divided by window size? If the rate is below the connection CIR, packet will be forwarded. Then the packet length is added to the connection counter. This mechanism ensures fairness between packets of all lengths. The overall algorithm is as follows: 1. Calculate the current connection rate (Bytes per Window / Burst Window) using a token bucket algorithm.
2.
When the current connection rate is below the CIR, the packets are sent to the queuing mechanism. When the connection rate is above the EIR, the packets are discarded. When the connection rate is between the CIR and EIR, the packets are marked as discard eligible and then sent to the queuing mechanism.
3. 4.
During times of low bandwidth demand in the Atrica network, both nondiscard eligible and discard eligible packets are forwarded. When congestion occurs in the Atrica network, only packets marked as discard eligible are dropped.
40
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
OA&M Packets
Overview
The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY solution utilizes the following types of OA&M packets:
Hello SLA measurement Connection traceroute

Each OA&M (Operation/Administration & Maintenance) packet is described individually beginning below.
Hello Protocol
Hello packets are used, in conjunction with the Atrica resilience and protection mechanisms, to determine the end-to-end integrity of individual connections. A hello message is generated by each end of the connection and is received by the other. The hello message is generated every second and carries information flags used to inform the other end that the path currently being monitored is active, or signal it to switch to its alternative path in the event of a failure. When 4 consecutive hello messages of a connections main path, are missed a decision to switch the traffic to the connections alternative path is taken by the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY device software. Now, traffic and hello messages are sent on the alternative path. The first hello message that is sent on the alternative path is marked with a special bit called OTD (other tunnel down). This bit is used to signal the other end to switch to its alternative path as well. When an A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY receives a hello message, it marks the next hello message it sends with another bit, acknowledge to indicate to the other side that it received a hello message. Receiving a hello message with the acknowledge bit not set means that the connection is broken in one direction. Hello packets are sent on both the primary and alternative connections, allowing the operator to continuously monitor the status of both connections. In non-protected connections, the hello packets are sent on the unprotected connection, allowing it to be monitored, even though it is not protected.
SLA Measurement
SLA measurements packets are used to perform measurements of individual connections end-to-end SLA parameters, including:
ATTL2SP-AE 41
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Round trip delay Round trip jitter

SLA measurements are initiated with an operator request. The initiating A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY sends an SLA measurement request packet to the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY at the opposite end of the connection, which responds with an SLA measurement response packet. Each of the packets is time stamped when it is sent, and when it is received. This information is used to calculate delay and jitter. The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY maintains, on a per-connection basis, the measured delay and jitter measurements. Before the above process begins, a clock-rate message is communicated between the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY devices. This message informs each of the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY devices about the rate of the clock used to stamp messages at the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY on the other side. The round trip delay is calculated as follows:
Round-trip delay = (return-timestamp start-timestamp)

Over time, the weighted average of round trip delay is calculated, giving a weight of 1/N to the last measurement and a weight of (N1)/N to the formerly calculated average, recursively. N is an operator configurable parameter. Jitter is calculated by comparing the delays of two consecutive 1second periods. Over time, the weighted average of the jitter is used, as in the round trip delay. The length of the SLA measurement packet is operator configurable, in the range of 128-1522 bytes. The SLA measurements may be observed via SNMP or using the A2000 PRODUCT FAMILY command line interface.
Connection Traceroute (Release 2.2 and above)

Connection trace route allows the operator to trace the path through which a connection flows, from its ingress to its egress, identifying each hop along the way. Connection trace route is initiated at one end of a connection and traces the route of the connection, hop by hop, until the other end. At each node, the following information is displayed:
Hop number Device IP Address

42
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Ingress slot & port Egress slot & port Ingress MPLS label or VLAN Egress MPLS label or VLAN Ingress MPLS aggregation tunnel label (if applicable) Egress MPLS aggregation tunnel label (if applicable)
Connection trace route is achieved via a Trace-Probe packet. This packet is sent by the initiating device, marked with TTL = n. The packet is forwarded by the devices in the network, where each device decrements the TTL by one and forwards the packet onward in the data-path. When a device receives a packet with TTL = 1 (at the nth hop), the packet is forwarded to the CPU of the device. This device then returns a Trace-Response packet back to the originator, through the IP-based management-access network. The Trace-Response packet contains fields identifying the device at the specific hop, the ingress interface through which the connection goes at that hop, and an indication of whether it is the last hop of the connection. The ingress device performs the trace-route iteratively, starting with TTL=1 and incrementing it at each hop, until reaching the last hop of the connection. At each of the iterations, the application sends the TraceProbe message and waits for 10 seconds for an answer. If a TraceResponse is not received, the Trace-Probe is retransmitted. This process repeats 3 times, and if no Trace-Response is received, the Trace-Route application declares this hop in the route as not accessible and ends the process. Connection Traceroute may be initiated using the CLI or via SNMP. At each step in the process, the Traceroute application provides the information it has ascertained, either to the console screen or via SNMP.
ATTL2SP-AE
43
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Protection
In this section we will examine the Connection Protection function between A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY endpoints and the role played by the hello protocol in performing this function. The hello protocol is based on a process of sending hello packets between two A-2100s in order to check connectivity of VLAN-paths. Through the Command Line Interface (CLI) or the NMS, a point-topoint connection between two A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY devices is created. This connection can pass through multiple Core devices (A8X00/4100). Connections are implemented by creating a path between the two A-2100s. The path that is created is referred to as a VLANpath (a.k.a. Main VLAN-path). Communications along VLAN-path between two A-2100s occurs in both directions. Also by using the CLI and/or the NMS you may create an alternate protection-VLAN for a connection. The alternate path serves to protect the connection in instances where one of the physical links or switches that carry the main connection fails.
Multicast
The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY is an integral part of the Atrica multicast solution. The role of the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY is to perform the following functions:
Replication of multicast packets IGMP snooping Filtering of multicast packets

In the Atrica network, each IP-multicast group travels over a separate point-to-multipoint connection. In the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY ring, these connections are represented by distinct network VLANs, and must reach all of the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY devices in the ring. To achieve this, each A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY in the ring performs replication of any multicast packet it receives on a network port, sending it to all of its access ports (subject to the filtering mechanism described below), as well as to the other network port propagating the multicast packet along the ring. The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY receives IGMP messages sent by the access device that connects directly to the customer. These messages include information that informs the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY which multicast groups are to be sent to what port. The A-2000 PRODUCT
44
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
FAMILY uses the information in these messages to configure its multicast-filtering hardware. In this manner, only the multicast groups that are needed are sent to each of the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY access ports. The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY supports up to 255 multicast groups.
ATTL2SP-AE
45
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
1GE Access Module
CPU
GMAC
GMAC
Access bay 1
Access bay 2
Ingress Flow Egre ss Flow Di scard CPU Traffic
Network Port A
Network Port B
A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Queuing Scheme 1 Gigabit Ethernet Access Module

A two-level scheduling scheme is used to read packets out of the queues and transmit them on their destination ports. First a round robin scheduling scheme between the destination ports and then a combination of strict priority and weighted round robin scheduling schemes between the 4 priority queues of each port (for more details refer to the scheduling section).
Ingress queuing
Each packet can be forwarded to one or more of the following ports:
Network port A Network port B CPU (internal) port

Each of the three output ports has a set of 4 priority level queues. Each packet can be forwarded to all 3-output destinations. Management packets arriving from the access port are sent to the CPU. The packet may also be discarded depending on the queue
46
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
status and the policing information. A shared memory buffer of 1K packets is available for all 12 ingress queues.
Egress queuing
There are 5 destination ports in the egress path:
Two access bays (each access bay serves one access module. The 24 Ports Fast Ethernet Access module is served by the two access bays) Two ring ports (to the other network port in a ring topology or egress loop back to the same network port) CPU (internal) port.
Management packets coming from a network port are sent to the CPU. Each destination port has 4 queues for the 4 different priority levels. A shared memory buffer of 512 packets is available for all 20egress queues. The minimum (reserved) size of each egress queue is 8 packets. Each packet can be forwarded to all output destinations. The packet may also be discarded depending on the queue status and the policing information. The queuing considers the discard eligible marking on each packet (DE marking), and decides whether to forward the packet or drop it, to maintain the CIR bandwidth. Queuing in the egress path is maintained to absorb bursts, and to support cases when packets from both network ports are destined to the same access bay. Since the bandwidth per each connection was policed on the ingress path of the source A-2000 device, small queues are sufficient here.
ATTL2SP-AE
47
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Scheduling
The scheduling scheme of the A-2000 is comprised of two stages:
Which destination port to serve. In the selected destination port, which priority queue to serve.
Based on these decisions, the next packet is read from the output buffer and transmitted to the selected queue. Since all physical ports have the same precedence level, a simple Round-Robin scheme is used for the decision between the physical ports. The CPU port is served only when bandwidth is available. Once the destination output port is decided, the priority queue is selected using a combination of strict priority queues (higher priority first), and weighted round robin (each of these queues have a programmable weight, defining how many packets/bytes are to be transmitted from this queue before moving to the next queue). The strict priority scheme is used for CES and delay sensitive traffic, to minimize latency. Business critical and normal priority traffic uses a round robin scheme.
48
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Rate Adaptation Queue
24
Rate Adaptation Queue
CPU
2 GE
24FE
BroadCom Switch Access bay 1

24FE Access Module
Access bay 2
Ingress Flow Egre ss Flow Di scard CPU Traffic
Network Port A
Network Port B
Queuing and Scheduling

A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Queuing Scheme 24 Port FE Module
The A-2000 series devices use an output queuing mechanism to buffer packets waiting to be transmitted on their destination port. There are separate output buffers for the ingress and egress paths. There are 4 queues per destination port, each one for a different priority class. Shared memory resources are used in the output buffers of each path. The resources are dynamically allocated to the queues when a packet is written, and dynamically returned when the packet is transmitted to all required destinations. Each priority level has a minimum size (reserved in the memory resources), and a maximum size (to control the maximum latency).
Once the available free memory resources are below a critical watermark, packets above the CIR are dropped (for more details refer to policing section) until the available memory resources are above the non-critical watermark.
ATTL2SP-AE
49
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
QOS & Priority

Ingress Path Prioritization
On the ingress path 4 priority queues are supported, representing the 5 different service levels. Priority 0 is the lowest priority and priority 3 is the highest. Network Control and Delay Sensitive traffic are mapped into the same priority queue. Ingress traffic is mapped to connections based on the schemes described in section Error! Reference source not found., above. The priority of a connection is pre-configured, as part of the connection SLA. The network CoS field (3 bits of the 802.1p tag) of the transmit packet are set based on the priority, and on the discard eligibility marking (see section Error! Reference source not found., above). The resulting CoS values are shown in table shown above.
Egress Path Prioritization

On the egress flow each incoming packet already has the 802.1p tagging, and these COS bits will be used to determine the packet priority level, based on Table shown above.
50
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
LATENCY
A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY latency is calculated as the time between the first bit of the packet coming in on a port, and the first bit of a packet going out of a port.
Packet latency is dependant upon the following factor:
Port type (FE or GE) Packet size State of the network port output queues Packet priority The queuing will be a major contributor to packet latency. If the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY has to transmit N packets before other packets, the latency will be (N x transmit time of max packet size on a GE I/F). Theoretically, a packet coming in with a low priority might have an infinite latency because packets on a higher priority can arrive later but be transmitted first because of the strict priority-scheduling scheme.
To control the latency we have to control the max queue size of latency sensitive packets (by using a specific priority queue) and control the maximum bandwidth in higher priority queues.
Assuming a requirement of 20 milliseconds delay across the network, Atrica does want the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY to have a total delay (ingress + egress) of more then 5 milliseconds.
ATTL2SP-AE
51
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Quick Setup For Network Management Access

Atricas Service Platform for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) is the network management platform used to optimize the operation of the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY and A-8X00/4100 hardware. Customers who use this management platform will be able to get the most out of their Atrica network. By utilizing this platform customers can ensure that connection oriented services are planned, provisioned and monitored across all networks. We will discuss managing the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY via Aspen and all of its associated applications in later chapters. The remainder of this section will instruct you how to setup an A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY device for initial management access. The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY can be managed locally through a terminal connection (Out-of -band) or through the network (In-band) via an IP connection. All management connection methods are summarized below: When using the Console port/ terminal or terminal emulator, configure them with the following communication parameters: 9600 baud 8 bits 1 stop bit No parity No flow control Once you have access to the Administration Console menus through the console port you will need to use the CLI menus to set the following IP interface parameters: IP Management Mode IP Interface Address Network Mask Set SMNP Contact Set SNMP Community Strings
52
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
ATTL2SP-AE
53
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
HW Independent SW
ASCII Configuration files
Stack
SLA
Protection
Connection Control
Interface Control
CU
SW Download
Console
Telnet
SNMP TFTP NTP
Board Control
Watchdog
Logger
Database
CES States
Hello
Protocol Stack
A-2000 Architecture Software

In the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY system the software images are contained in Boot-Rom and Flash memory. The Boot-Rom is the boot image and contains part of the Power On Self Test (POST), it is the only image that is not compressed and runs from Flash memory instead of the DRAM. Diagnostics and Operational software, when executed, will be decompressed and loaded by the Boot-Rom to the DRAM during boot up process. The Diagnostic software contains the rest of POST and manufacturing diagnostics, which tests the hardware functions of the product. Download file process Download file process could be divided into two logical phases: Transfer file from host to target RAM Copy from target RAM to Target Flash
54
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
System loader System loader task is responsible for: Receive file into the ESU RAM Validity Check (checksum/CRC) Burn file to FLASH Validity check of FLASH image. Flash saver The Flash Saver software routine is responsible for the saves and restoration of all Flash databases. Flash Saver provides algorithms that minimize the number of Flash write sessions. All configuration changes are saved via this software routine only; no other software entity is used to save configurations. Watchdog Software Routine This routine is responsible for the CRC of the system software. This routine must reset the watchdog timer component at least once every ten seconds. Only a fatal software or hardware failure can prevent the watchdog routine from resetting the watchdog timer. When not reset, the watchdog routine initiates a reset to the system. This routine has the lowest priority of all software functions in the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY system.
ATTL2SP-AE
55
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Standard Packages RTOS - VxWorks FLASH File System DOS II over True FFS PS Sence SNMP Epilogue CLI Engine RapidLogic Development Environment Tornado II
Standard Packages
The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY also includes the following software packages: RTOS envelopment Memory management Binary tree library Generic database Protocol Stack The operation software uses the standard VxWorks protocol stack which is part of the VxWorks operating system. This protocol stack is based on 4.4 BSD TCP/IP release, and does not require any additional Atrica developments.
56
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
The Protocol Stack will provide a BSD socket interface to the application. The protocol stack interfaces with the network driver via the MUX/END interface, which enables more than one network devices with different MAC and IP addresses, and also enabled Atrica engineering features such as hub functionality between network interfaces on the driver layer. System Initialization The Board Control software routine is the main maintenance process. This task is the first application software process that starts after the VxWorks initialization. This software process performs the following operations: Interface port detection HW configuration detection FPGA download if needs Port database initialization Interface port configuration changes Connection Control Process The Connection Control process is responsible for adding, updating, and deleting connections in the A-2100. All connection operations, in general, are triggered by the management system, except physical interface failure. In this case, connection control process must close connection automatically, and restore it after the problem is solved. Command line interface The Command Line Interface (CLI) is a CISCO style CLI. This software is a third party software package. The special requirements for this software are: Password protection Last 10 command memory Using <Tab> key for finishing word. Etc Telnet Since VxWorks does not provide Telnet functionality, Atrica Engineering implemented the telnet application. On the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY
ATTL2SP-AE 57
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
there can be up to three Telnet sessions running simultaneously. Telnet sessions left unattended will time-out and be closed automatically.
58
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Initialization Process POST Configuration Detection HW Initialization Download PPE Image Download EM Image (if needed) Download MCU Image (if needed) Restore Configuration Database Initialize Tasks
Init Process
During power up initialization or a system reset, the product will verify SDRAM and go through a basic hardware and software initialization sequence (for example: initialize the processor and memory map for the system). The hardware will be tested using the POST and the operational software checksum will be verified. After checksum verification of the operational software, it will be executed from Boot-Rom. Boot diagnostics POST in Boot-Rom is a predetermined suite of boot diagnostics, which will be executed every time the product executes the boot process. POST will test only the A-2100s internal functionality. A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Configuration During the initialization sequence the product will configure itself.
ATTL2SP-AE 59
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
During normal operation configuration changes will be updated and saved in the local NVRAM (Flash). Upon a successful power up initialization, the product will be configured from the information saved in its local Flash. When the configuration section in the Flash is empty or not valid, the product will be configured to factory defaults. Resets The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY has three types of resets: Cold reset Warm reset Error / Watchdog reset Listed in the chart below are the reset types and their functions.
TYPE Cold Reset (Power Up reset) Trigger
Apply power to the A2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Reset issued by software through CLI/Telnet console/SNMP management interface. Software watchdog timer Bus error Runtime software detected errors
Reset/Initialization/Diagnostics Reset and initialize all hardware and perform POST
Warm reset
Same as cold reset
Error reset
The product will recover as soon as possible without running POST.
60
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Flash
All software images in the Flash are upgradeable via the network. Downloads can be initiated through one of in management interfaces (Console/SNMP). During the download process, the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY will remain operational, after the download is complete, a reboot will load the new software image.
ATTL2SP-AE
61
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Access Levels CLI Access Levels: - Read (read): read only - Limited Administrator (enable): read + connection manipulation - Technician (atr_tech): admin + OOB (only for authorized technicians) - Developer (atr_dev): technician + Vxworks shell (only for R&D use) SNMP Communities - Read - Read/Write
Access Levels
The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY offers five levels of CLI access. Each level allows the opportunity to test the system. The five levels of access are: Read Enable Admin Atr_Tech Atr_Dev
62
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
Serviceability All SW images (SW, FPGA, MCU) are field upgradeable ASCII Configuration files Clocks - System-up time - NTP System Logger Technician and Developer Access Levels POST and Diagnostics SW Loop-backs per connection
Serviceability
The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY product supports the download of a configuration file through its management interface and reconfigures itself according the content of the configuration file. A download of configuration through a console may be issued to the A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY using TFTP. The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY also supports the upload of configuration files through a specified file server. A event/error log file can be found in the DRAM and/or in the FLASH. Logging The Logging mechanism provides an option to mask the logs according to the error level and software package identifier. The saving of logs in the Flash is also configurable. All logging configurations are done via the console under the special user authorization.
ATTL2SP-AE
63
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
SAMPLE A-2000 NETWORK

A-2100-1 config-set prompt A-2100-1 config-set snmp-server community read-only public config-set snmp-server community read-write private config-set interface loopback ip 172.27.4.218 255.255.255.248 172.27.4.217 A-2100-2 config-set prompt A-2100-2 config-set snmp-server community read-only public config-set snmp-server community read-write private config-set interface loopback ip 172.27.4.203 255.255.255.248 172.27.4.201
64
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2100-3 config-set prompt A-2100-3
SAMPLE A-2000 CONFIG FILE config-set snmp-server community read-only public config-set snmp-server community read-write private config-set interface loopback ip 172.27.4.243 255.255.255.248 172.27.4.241
A-2100-4 config-set prompt A-2100-4 config-set snmp-server community read-only public config-set snmp-server community read-write private config-set interface loopback ip 172.27.4.219 255.255.255.248 172.27.4.217
ATTL2SP-AE 65
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-2100-5 config-set prompt A-2100-5 config-set snmp-server community read-only public config-set snmp-server community read-write private config-set interface loopback ip 172.27.4.202 255.255.255.248 172.27.4.201 A-2100-6 config-set prompt A-2100-6 config-set snmp-server community read-only public config-set snmp-server community read-write private config-set interface loopback ip 172.27.4.242 255.255.255.248 172.27.4.241
66
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
A-100 Overview
Atricas A-100 Access Platform with an FE Demarcation module provides demarcation at the customer premises. The A-100 is positioned after the local A-2000 Series edge switch, and is located at the customers premises. The A-100 is connected on the network end to one of the A-2000 Series edge switchs LC access ports, and connected at the customer end to the customers edge equipment. The A-100 enables a technician at the Atrica core to detect and diagnose customer connectivity problems without visiting the customer site.
FE Demarcation Module The A-100 chassis (AT10039) contains a Fast Ethernet Demarcation module (AT10041), which includes one 100 Mbps SFF optical fiber port (LX), one 10/100 twisted pair data port (Data), and an additional RS-232 {currently RJ45} port (EXT MGMT) used for serial configuration. The twisted pair port speed can be set manually or via auto negotiation. The optical fiber port operates at 100 Mbps, full-duplex. The FE Demarcation module supports both tagged and un-tagged Ethernet packets (802.1q). The module also provides fiber alert, fiber fault propagation towards the DATA port, as well
ATTL2SP-AE 67
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
as DATA port failure notification. The FE Demarcation module is managed using Atricas management suite, ASPEN. FE Demarcation Module Features The A-100s FE Demarcation module offers a full feature set including: Autonegotiation Selective advertising Fiber alert Fiber fault propagation towards the DATA port ATA port failure notification SNMP management AutoCross for twisted-pair ports Topologies You can integrate the A-100 Access Platform into the following topologies: Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) Business campus Office building
68
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 2 0 0 0
I N T R O
A - 2 0 0 0
P R O D U C T
F A M I L Y
U N I T 1
ATTL2SP-AE
69
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
I N T R O D U C T I O N
U N I T
UNIT 2
Introduction to the A-8X00/4100
Unit 2 Objectives:
After completing this unit, you will be able to do the following:
Understand the unique terminology applicable to the A-8X00/4100 product line Describe the function of the A-8X00/4100 in a optical network Describe hardware features of A-8X00/4100 switch Analyze the Power-up Sequence of the A-8X00/4100 Install an A-8X00/4100 in a equipment distribution rack Setup the A-8X00/4100 for initial communications in a optical network
ATTL2SP-AE
71
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00 Series
A-8800
A-8100
A-8X00 CHASSIS
A-8X00: In this course this acronym will be used to relate information pertaining to both types of chassis (A-8X00 and A-8100). A-8800: This chassis has both an electrical subsystem and optical subsystem. A-8100: This chassis contains the electrical subsystem only. Backplane: The A8X00 has two separate backplanes; one for the A-8X00/4100 and the other for the A-8100. The A-8X00 backplane contains both the electrical and the optical subsystem backplanes while the A-8100 has only the electrical backplane.
72
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Electrical subsystem Backplane: This is the upper area of the PCB in the A8X00 chassis. It contains the high-speed data bus, the control bus, and the power bus. The electrical subsystem backplane contains two slots for Switch cards and 15 slots for Interface cards. Optical Subsystem Backplane: This is the lower area of the PCB in the A8X00 chassis. It contains a control bus as well as a power bus. The Optical Subsystem Backplane contains 17 slots for optical PCBs. IFC8: Interface PCBs with eight 1GE ports (SFP style) each. IFC10: Interface PCB with one 10GE port. High Speed Bus: Sixteen 2.5 Gbs pairs (8 pairs for TX and 8 pairs for RX) from each interface card to each switch card as well as a Clock distribution system. Power Bus: 2 sets of bars for the -48V of power and the corresponding control signals. Control Bus: Management and control signals. Input Filter (INF): Filters and controls the main -48V power lines. Slot: A place to insert a PCB.
ATTL2SP-AE
73
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-4100 Chassis
The 6.5U high A-4100 chassis can be mounted in 19 and 23 racks and can accommodate up to eight 9U high, 5T wide modules. The chassis is intended primarily to support electrical modules. This includes the following module types: Switch and Management module capable of switching 150Gb/s full duplex. The module also contains the control Module, which is the main CPU of the chassis enabling management of all modules through the backplanes control bus. Interface modules; The 8 Port Gigabit Ethernet Interface module supports 8 1GE optical ports. The 1 Port 10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface module supports one 10GE optical port. Two redundant switch modules and any combination of up to 6 interface modules can be installed in the slots of the chassis. The two redundant switch modules should be installed in the middle slots (slots 4 and 5). All other slots can accommodate any of the interface modules. The interface modules are connected to the switching matrix of each of the Switch and Management modules via bi directional 10Gb/s links.
74
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
The chassis can also accommodate any of the 5U wide optical modules, using the mechanical Optical Module Adapter. It can also accommodate the two-slot (10T) wide Dispersion Compensation Module (DCM).
All the electrical and optical modules are hot swappable and can be added, removed or replaced without interfering with the operation of other components of the system.
The A-4100 chassis accommodates two redundant DC Power Supply units and a fan tray.
The A-4100 is designed to comply with Bellcore NEBS (Network Equipment Building System) Level 3 criteria. A-4100 Backplane The passive backplane of the A-4100 includes the following buses: High-Speed 120Gb/s full duplex bus composed of dual 60Gb/s full duplex buses. Each of the 60Gb/s buses includes 10Gb/s connections between al the interface slots and one of the switch module slots using star topology. Power bus for fully redundant distribution of -48V DC and power control signals to the individual modules. Control bus allowing all modules to be managed by each Switch module. Star topology with 100Base-T connections from each slot to each Switch module. A-4100 DC Power Supply Unit The A-4100 series chassis can accommodate two independent DC power supplies in order to provide power redundancy. Each power supply unit can handle the full power of the chassis and includes filters to protect the DC power supply to the modules from destructive input voltages and to block radiation to the power cords of noise generated by the internal cards. It also provides auxiliary power for the fan tray. Full redundancy is supported, without any interruption to the operation of the system upon failure of one of the power sources or when replacing one of the front mounted power supply units. The A-4100 is designed with an automatic shutdown feature for situations where critical problems arise. In some situations, power will
ATTL2SP-AE 75
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
automatically be restored if/when the problem is resolved. In these cases the power supply unit limits the inrush current to the various modules. Other situations may trigger a circuit breaker shutdown, and the power/circuit breaker switch must be manually reset in order to resume operation. Each DC power supply contains the following elements: A terminal block with 4 terminals: One positive power terminal and one negative power terminal for power input One positive power terminal and one negative power terminal for optional remote voltage sensing, enabling to properly disconnect power from the A-4100 in case that the input voltage level is above the maximum permitted level (over voltage) or below the minimum permitted level (under voltage). One ground terminal Main power/circuit breaker switch LED indicators A-4100 Fan Tray The A-4100 series chassis is cooled by 19 fans located in a side-mounted fan tray. The fans speed is controlled by the Switch and Management module in accordance with temperature measurements received from sensors on each of the systems modules. Information on current speed of each fan each supplied to the Switch and Management module that will light on an alarm LED if the speed of a fan drops below a certain threshold. Any 18 provide sufficient cooling for the entire A-4100 unit. The A 4100 can continue normal operation with the fan tray removed for at lease 60 seconds without any damage.
A-4100 Network Management

Console Port and CLI The RS-232 console port of the Switch and Management module enables configuration and administration of the A-4100 using the Command Line Interface (CLI) application. The console serial port can be connected to a local terminal or used for remote modem access. The CLI application may also be accessed remotely using Telnet. The CLI enables configuration and administration of various parameters of the A-4100 modules, display of statistics and troubleshooting using ping, traceroute and loopback operations. It also enables downloading and uploading configuration files. Access to the CLI is protected, allowing four access levels: Read-only, Read-write, Super User (includes some special features such as security configuration and
76
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
diagnostics access) and Debug. The A-4100 system incorporates an SNMP agent that is implemented as part of the Switch and Management module. The SNMP agent support standard and proprietary MIBs and can be accessed using either Out-Of-Band or In-Band management. Each A-4100 can be configured to be managed in either In-Band or Out-Of-Band mode. Every A-4100 can switch In-Band management traffic, but only devices in InBand mode can be managed by this traffic. Since OOB management is separated from the data plan it is more robust and better suited for debugging purposes. Thus, in most scenarios all the A-4100 devices collocated in a Point-of-Presence (POP) are managed in Out-Of-Band mode. In-Band management will be used to reach devices outside the POP. Out-Of-band management of the A-4100 is facilitated via the Fast Ethernet (FE) 10/100 Base-T interface port of the Switch and Management module. InBand management access is achieved via a dedicated Gigabit Ethernet port on an 8 port Gigabit Ethernet Interface module. In-Band management traffic can be forwarded to other devices in the network together with data over the existing links. While working in this mode, the A-4100 operates as a router for management traffic. The A-4100 runs OSPF on the network core (NC) ports, enabling it to discover other subnets automatically. A-4100 with network edge (NE) ports advertises the subnets to which these ports belong to other devices using OSPF. The Network Management Station (NMS) is connected to a designated 1GE port on an A-4100 that is configured for this purpose. In-band management access is performed through VLAN 127, which is always reserved for management purposes. Other Management Protocols The following management protocols are supported by the A-4100: TFTP FTP (for security reasons the A-4100 operates as a client initiating transfers) ICMP (ping)
ATTL2SP-AE
77
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00/4100 Important Acronyms

EDFA IFC INF OADM NCF NCI NEF NEI SWC TLS UEF UEI UE NE NC CoS FIB VLAN ASPEN ECM CLEC Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Interface PCB(s) Input Filter Optical Add Drop Multiplexer Network Core Functionality Network Core Interface Network Edge Functionality Network Edge Interface Switch PCBs Transparent LAN Service User Edge Functionality User Edge Interface User Edge Network Edge Network Core Class of Service Forwarding Information Base Virtual LAN Atricas NMS A-8X00/4100 Control Module; Processing element of the SWC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
78
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Atrica Network Domains
Network Edge Domain User Domain Network Core Domain
User Domain
NMS
A-8X00
A-2100

Atrica Network Solution Overview The Atrica networking solution is targeted for the Metropolitan Area Network arena. Products manufactured by Atrica allow Network Service Providers (NSP) to provide services to customers either at the customer Premise (CPE) or at the MAN core. Initial customers for Atrica are telecommunication carriers who are seeking a fast and low cost connectivity to an Internet gateway. These customers are usually CLECs and ISPs. The second set of customers are businesses and eventually the residential sector.
Atricas MAN solution is based on the combination of optical networking, Ethernet, VLAN, and MPLS technologies. The ASPEN network management suite of applications is used to manage Atrica based networks.
ATTL2SP-AE
79
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
To achieve the required traffic mapping and control functionality between network domains, two devices are utilized: A-2000 A-8X00/4100. Switching devices provide connectivity among various user sites (user domains) in an Atrica network. User sites are interconnected in this environment end-toend. The Atrica interconnected network has the following attributes: MPLS is the main mechanism used in the core of the Atrica network to setup connections and forward user traffic. Traffic is engineered within the connection to allow efficient use of network resources. Connections are protected against link, PCB, and node failures. The Atrica network is divided into three distinct domains:
User Domain: The area of the users premise network that is not part of the Atrica cloud and is not managed. Network Edge Domain: The domain in which user traffic is carried towards the Network Core Network Core domain: This domain comprises most of the Metro Access network. It provides the backbone for carrying traffic between Network Edge Interfaces.
80
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Different forwarding technologies are used in the various domains:

Network Edge Traffic in this domain is standard Ethernet encapsulated in 802.1Q tags (network VLANs). User traffic is mapped to Network Edge tag based traffic. Network Core MPLS is the used throughout the network core. Network edge VLAN tags are mapped to corresponding MPLS labels.
The A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY connects the User domain to the Network Edge domain. The A-8X00/4100 performs the connection between Network Edge domain and the Network Core domain as well as performing the core switching function inside the Network Core domain.
ATTL2SP-AE
81
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00 Chassis Options
A-8800
A-8100
Chassis Options
The A8X00 product family consist of two products they are the:
A-8100 A-8X00/4100 The A8100 device has the same functionality of the A8X00, however it does not have an optical subsystem. The A-8X00/4100 chassis dimensions are 19U x 19 x 22. The A-8X00/4100 chassis has the following PCB and slot characteristics: Two redundant switching PCBs (SWCs). Each SWC is capable of switching 150Gbps. The SWCs also contain the chassis main CPU Module.
82
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Fifteen Interfaces PCB slots (IFCs). Each IFC is connected to the switching matrix by bi-directional 10G links. IFCs can be either 1G PCBs, containing eight 1GE ports; or 10G PCBs, containing one 10 GE port. 17 Optical slots for use in WDM based applications. There are 5 different PCB types. Optical modules may be plugged into the interface PCB slots by using a mechanical adapter. 2 redundant power supply filters. The A-8X00/4100 receives an external 48V supply in 2 physical connections, performs filtering on each of them, and delivers it to the PCB slots via the backplane. Passive backplane The backplane provides the connectivity between the IFC PCBs and the switching matrixes. It also provides control connectivity between the CPU and all 34 slots. Fan units contained within the chassis dissipate heat from the chassis to the outside environment. The fans are rear mounted and are serviced from the back of the chassis. All PCBs, except the backplane, are hot swappable, and can be replaced without interfering with the overall switch functionality. The A8100 is a smaller version of the A-8X00/4100. It is a 13U x 19 x 22 chassis and has no Optical PCB slots. If Optical modules are needed they can be plugged into any of the fifteen interface PCB slots.
ATTL2SP-AE
83
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8800 Backplane and Busses

Switch card
Data bus Control bus Power bus
Interface card
Optical Subsystem
INF
INF
A-8X00/4100 Backplane
The A-8X00/4100 has a high-speed backplane. This backplane is composed of three separate busses:
Power Bus: -48V bars with a redundancy bus and power control signals. Control Bus: Contains all control signals for the IFCs, optical PCBs, and 100BaseT links from each SWC to each IFC. High-speed Data Bus- carries all high-speed traffic at 150Gbs.
84
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
INF Filter
Rear View
DC Input Supply
Located on the rear panel of the A-8X00/4100 chassis and connected directly to the backplane is the DC voltage input terminals. The two separate power supplies of the A-8X00/4100 provides high reliability through redundancy of the power source. In the event of a failure of the operating power supply, the system automatically switches to the alternate power supply. To enable complete power redundancy, each power supply must be connected to a different battery bank. The A-8X00/4100 system can be powered by a source ranging from 41V DC to 72V DC. However, an initial voltage of at least 44V DC is needed for the power on sequence. The A-8X00/4100 current rating is 70 Amps. The power is supplied via two 35 Amp connections, therefore, the power supply contains two Voltage In terminals. The A-8X00/4100 chassis can accommodate two independent power supplies, to provide power redundancy. The DC Power Supplies are located in the rear of the chassis under the fans and are designed to be powered by a 48 volt DC source.
ATTL2SP-AE
85
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
The A-8X00/4100 power supply also features an automatic shutdown/automatic recovery mechanism. The power supply features a main power/circuit breaker switch and the following seven power terminals:
4 power terminals for power input 2 power terminals available for remote voltage sensing, allowing the internal Low Voltage Level Detector (LVLD) to properly disconnect power from the system in case of over/under power voltage levels. 1 ground terminal
Remote sense connection for LVD.
These sense terminals can be jumpered to the appropriate Vin for local voltage sensing. Each power supply is wired independently. There are two Sensing Options for connecting the power supply, they are:
Local Sensing: Voltage is monitored at the power supply. This is the recommended option since it offers the most accurate monitoring. Remote sensing: Voltage is monitored at the remote source of the power. This option does not measure the actual voltage entering the A-8X00/4100, only the voltage of the battery bank.
86
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
There are two INF filters provided for redundancy, which provide the following chassis safeguards:
Transients input voltage spikes Reverse voltages ESD voltages. Filters all RFI signals.
Other INF(s) characteristics:
MAX Voltage drops on filter: 0.75V. MAX DC resistance: 10ohms MAX Input current: 70A Full Power Hold UP time: 3ms (Affects the capacitance size) Electronic Short circuit protection.
The Input Filter will provide the following indications:
Power on: Indication that input voltage is within the specified limits. Power feed: Indicates that input current is greater than.2A. Low voltage detection: Indicates when Vin < 42V. Over Voltage detector: Indicates When Vin > 72V Shutdown: Reduce inrush current on startup. The Interface PCB section includes the following busses:
ATTL2SP-AE 87
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
High-speed Bus: 300Gb bus composed of two 150Gb busses. Each bus contains individual connections between each IFC and one of the SWCs. Each bus is of star topology, 16 pairs from each interface PCB to each SWC. Power Bus: A -48V bus with a redundancy bus. Each PCB can draw up to 120W. Management Bus 100BaseT communication in star topology, 2 pairs from each interface PCB to each matrix. Power Bus: The A-8X00/4100 power supply is has the following functionality:
Each PCB has a maximum current draw of 3.0A from each -48V bar (120W max). Inrush current will not exceed 4.0A for longer than 100ms. Power will be disconnected if current exceeds 4.0A. Power Shutdown: The Power shutdown circuitry found in the A8X00s INF will has the following characteristics:
Indication INF_prsnt OVD LVD Curnt_mon OVP DC outputs ok DC outputs ok OVT Indicate Filter Present indication Voltage above 72V Voltage below 40.5V Current monitor output Over Power (by LVD&OVD) Fans power OK BP power OK Over Temp alarm Note 1 resistor to GND. If Vin < 75V delayed shutdown If Vin < 40.5V delayed shutdown Current monitor 0.1V/A of feeding current If P>2700W -> delayed shutdown Fans PWR = 381V, 501V |Vin-Vout| > 1.5V If T>80C --> delayed shutdown
Used By
SWC SWC SWC SWC SWC SWC SWC SWC
88
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00 Physical Components
150G High Speed Bus RS232 Out Of Band Management
Electronic Module
Control
Power
Control and Power bus
Optical Module
Backplane Optical Jumpers

Interface Cards Switch Cards Optical Cards
A-8X00/4100 Physical Components

The A-8X00/4100 has the following data interfaces: 1G optical ports 10G optical ports The A-8X00/4100 has the following Management interfaces: RS232 interface for local console and remote MODEM access. FE port for Out-of Band (OOB) management access. One of the GE ports can be used as an in-band management port.
ATTL2SP-AE
89
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8000 Alarms
The table below illustrates the A-8X00/4100 hardware generated alarm conditions. These alarms are can be generated at the device/PCBs and port levels. Each alarm generates a unique code, description, and default severity that is read through software. Severity levels range from:
Normal Warning Minor Major Critical Each PCB/port will hold a table with its relevant alarms. Users will be able to: Change PCB/port alarm severity. Alarm with default severity = Critical, cannot be changed (agent responsibility). Mask the PCB/port Alarm with default severity = Critical, cannot be masked (agent responsibility). See the current alarm state (on/off) See the device maximal severity alarm.
Alarm Index
Alarm Description
Available for
Default Severity Critical
Note
PS failure Input Voltage above 72V PS failure Input voltage below 42V PS failure input Voltage below 40.5V
PS-A/PS-B
PS-A/PS-B
Major
Low battery
PS-A/PS-B
Critical
90
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
PS failure loss of fans power in both PSs
PS-A & PS-B
Critical
Will be sent when PS failure loss of fans power on both power supplies has occurred. It will occur when both of PS fan out unit.
PS failure loss of fans power
PS-A/PS-B
Minor
It will occur when PS fan out unit. Will be sent when PS failure over current alarm on one of the power supplies has occurred. Will be sent if more then one fan is failed
10
Over power Consumption [W]
Device
Critical
11
Loss of air flow
Device
Critical
12 13 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Illegal internal connectivity Cage High temperature Fan-1 failure Fan-2 failure Fan-3 failure Fan-4 failure Fan-5 failure Fan-6 failure Standby switch module high temperature - 100c Standby switch module high temperature -90c Module is disconnected from switch Module and device mismatch
Switch Device Fan tray 1 Fan tray 1 Fan tray 2 Fan tray - 2 Fan tray 3 Fan tray 3 Switch
Major Critical Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Critical
27
Switch
Major
28
All PCBs (Interface, Optic) All PCBs (Switch, Interface, Optic)
Critical
30
Warning
ATTL2SP-AE
91
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
31
Module high temperature 100c Module high temperature -90c
All PCBs (Switch, Interface, Optic) All PCBs (Switch, Interface, Optic) Switch PCBs OADM/Wmux/ EDFA PCBs
Critical
32
Major
33 34
Switch pcb(s) switched over Loss of network input
Warning Major
35
Saturation of network input
OADM/Wmux/ PCBs
Warning
36
Loss of network output
OADM/Splitter/ Wmux/EDFA/ Mux/Dmux PCBs
Major
37
Saturation of network output
OADM/Splitter/ Wmux/Mux/Dmux PCBs
Warning
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Loss of drop VOA out Saturation of drop VOA out Loss of drop VOA in Saturation of drop VOA in Weak Signal Loss of add channel Saturation of add channel Add VOA functionality DVE temperature
OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM/ PCBs OADM/Splitter/ Mux/Dmux/Wm ux pcb(s)s OADM/Splitter/ Mux/Dmux/Wm ux pcb(s)s OADM/Splitter/ Mux/Dmux/Wm
Major Major Major Warning Minor Major Warning Critical Minor
After the VOA After the VOA Before the VOA Before the VOA
47
DVE power supply - low
Minor
48 92
DVE power supply - high
Minor
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
ux PCBs 49 Drop VOA Functionality OADM/Mux/D mux PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs OADM/Mux/D mux PCBs OADM/Mux/D mux PCBs Splitter PCBs Splitter PCBs Splitter PCBs Splitter PCBs Splitter PCBs Critical
50 51 52
Add VOA HVP Add VOA HVN Drop VOA HVP
Critical Critical Critical
53
Drop VOA HVN
Critical
54 55 56 57 58
Loss of 1310 in Saturation of 1310 in Loss of 1310 out Saturation of 1310 out Loss of 1550 in [Loss of network output 1310 out] Saturation of 1550 in [Loss of network output 1310 out] Loss of channel 1 output Saturation of channel 1 output Loss of channel 2 output Saturation of channel 2 output Loss of channel 3 output Saturation of channel 3 output Loss of channel 4 output Saturation of channel 4 output Invalid uniformity High Pump temperature
Major Warning Major Warning Major
59
Splitter PCBs
Warning
60 61
Mux/Dmux PCBs Mux/Dmux PCBs
Major Major
62 63
Major Major
64 65
Major Major
66 67
Major Major
68 69
ATTL2SP-AE
Mux/Dmux PCBs EDFA PCBs
Major Major
93
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
70
High Pump Bias (end-oflife) Eye safety EDFA high temperature High Gain Low Gain Xloss - Low Xloss - High
EDFA PCBs
Minor
71 72 73 74 75 76
EDFA PCBs EDFA pcb(s)s EDFA PCBs EDFA PCBs OADM PCBs OADM PCBs
Critical Critical Warning Warning Minor Minor
Optical cable is down
94
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00 Fan Tray
A-8X00/4100 Cooling System

Because of the A-8X00/4100s powerful electronic circuitry, it will generate a considerable amount of heat. Because of the heat generated, an efficient method is need for heat dissipation. If the heat generated by the A-8X00/4100 were allowed to remain un-dissipated, thermal overload would occur very rapidly, causing a shutdown of the system due to overheating. A major part of the cooling system is the six cooling fans located at the top rear of the chassis. These fans are arranged in three groups, each group contains two fans each. There is also a temperature sensor located within each fan tray. The fans draw cool air into the front and bottom of chassis and expel hot air through vent holes located at the rear of the chassis.
Other important parts of the A-8X00/4100 cooling system are:
ATTL2SP-AE
95
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Faceplates: The function of the faceplate is to act as an air deflector that influences the pattern of the air circulation through the chassis. If there were no faceplates, openings in the chassis would cause the cooler air drawn into the chassis by the fans to dissipate rather than circulate around the electronic PCB modules found in the chassis. Clean air filters: A dirty air filter also hampers chassis air circulation and should be cleaned every three months. Alarm indicator LEDs: Overheating will cause an alarm LED on the Switch and Management Module to light. Temperature level determines what severity is indicated. LEDs will only give you a general indication of an alarm condition. Illuminated LEDs do not indicate what caused the overheated condition. To get specifics about what caused the thermal runaway condition, you should look for specific on-screen error messages. For example, in the case of a malfunctioning fan, an error message sequence would initiate the local logging system to log the error condition. An error message would then be displayed, relating specifically to the faulty fan, on the local Administrator console or on the ASPEN management station.
A-8X00/4100 Cabling and Transceiver Considerations

For all recommend A-8X00/4100 cabling and transceiver considerations please consult Chapter four of the A-8X00/4100 Setup and Installation Guide.
96
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00 Electronic Modules
A-8X00/4100 Electronic Modules

The A-8X00/4100 product family uses the following high performance electronic modules: 8 Port High Performance Gigabit Ethernet Interface Module 1 Port High Performance 10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Module A-8X00/4100 High Density Switch and Management Module
ATTL2SP-AE
97
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00/4100 Switch PCBs (SWC Functionality The switch card (SWC) is one of the cards in the system. There can be up to two SWC in an A-8X00/4100 system and performs the following functionality: Switching traffic Chassis management Networking application platform External Interfaces Front panel/Backplane The Front panel has the following interfaces: Ethernet 10/100 port used for management and direct connection for the NMS to the EDS network. Full-duplex 100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3u compliant 10/100 Auto-negotiation
98
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
RJ-45 connector supporting 100BASE-TX running on CAT 5 twisted-pair cables RS232 Port used for terminal or modem RS232 serial interface, 9600 baud. D-type 9 male pin connector Dry Contacts Relays used for activating external audio/visual alarms LED(s) indicating status of the switch, the system and alarms (dry contact). PCMCIA two standard PC-CARD sockets. Reset push button switch resets SWC card The backplane has the following interfaces: High-speed backplane links full duplex interfaces to the interface cards. This is a 160Gb switch fabric links divided into 256 differential pairs each of 2.5Gb. Low speed backplane links interfaces all interface cards and optical cards to the master CPU in SWC. Provides a 34 fast Ethernet ports, with signal like HW reset etc. Power supply input of 48V
ATTL2SP-AE
99
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
New SWC Design The SWC card has an all-new design starting with release 3.0 it has the following new features: Designed to support up to 128K LSP per box High performance CPU (PPC755), 500MHz (vs. 300MHz) More memory: 1Gbyte SDRAM (vs. 256Mbytes on current) More flash: 256Mbytes flash (vs. 64MB on current) Recommended for network that will use signaling (LDP, RSVP) Due to increased memory & CPU needs of the protocols Additional enhancements: Single compact flash instead of two PCMCIA 25 pin dry contact (4 input, 4 output) The new part number for the PCB is: AT80023
100
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
SWC/IFC Interface The SWC is connected to each of the IFCs by a bi-directional 10Gb connection; hence the switch fabric itself is capable of providing up to a total of 150G switching capacity between all IFC ports. Each 8X00 can have a second SWC to provide fault tolerance/redundancy at the PCB level. A master SWC is automatically elected at power-up, while the other SWC goes into standby until it is needed. In the A-8X00/4100 chassis the SWC also functions as the main CPU & controller (A8800 Control Module ECM). As the ECM it will also: Store of all the subsystem software Store the A8800 configuration data.
ATTL2SP-AE
101
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
SWC LED(s)
SWC System LA-8X00/4100 Name Status Function Power-on test in progress Operational SW running, No fail state Fail state Test/Loop Back/ PCB Disable Power-on test in progress State Toggle 1Hz Flash 1Hz Color Green/Red Green
ON Toggle 1Hz
Red Green/ Orange Orange Green/ Orange Green Green Green
Other tests in progress SW downloading
Flash 1Hz Toggle 1Hz
Loopback mode Active/Standby Active Standby
ON ON Flash 1Hz
Alarm indication LA-8X00/4100 Name Warning Function Illuminated when in warning alarm state Illuminated when in minor alarm state Illuminated when in minor alarm state Illuminated when in minor alarm state State ON Color Blue
Minor
ON
Yellow
Major
ON
Orange
Critical
ON
Red
102
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
FE 10/100 Management Port LA-8X00/4100 Name Link Activity Function Link O.K When traffic flows through the port State ON ON Color Green Orange
ATTL2SP-AE
103
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00 IFC Modules
A8x00 GNP PCB

A8x00 GNP cards are the next generation of the cards in the A8x00 system. A8x00 system can have up to 15 GNP PCB(s). Currently there will two kinds of GNP cards: GNP10 and GNP8. GNP10 card is a 10G card that will replace IFC10. GNP8 is and 8 ports of 1G card that will replace IFC8. GNP8 functionality compared with IFC8: Interfacing 8 x 1G Ethernet ports interface as in IFC8 Better performance regarding packet rate. Non-blocking architecture. Backward compatible to IFC8/IFC10 Jumbo packets of 9.6K support
104
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
HW and firmware capable for UE on core devices Support TLS for TLS hierarchy IFC-8: Eight 1GE interface PCB IFC-10: One 10GE interface PCB Supports all functions of current 8 Port 1GE Module Fully compatible with current 8 Port 1GE module New Features: 1GE User Edge with policing User Edge statistics TLS engine (L2SI) capable Jumbo packets (9600 bytes)
ATTL2SP-AE 105
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Reduced power consumption (100W with SFPs) Wire speed performance at all packet sizes Network edge Network core User edge The GNP8 has two functional interface halves: Network side: Connects the A-8X00 to the Ethernet Metro network Backplane side: Connects the IFC to the A-8X00 switching fabric and the SWCs The network side has the following interfaces: Eight 1GE ports; full duplex optical interface to the MAN Indication LEDs
106
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
The backplane side has the following interfaces: High-speed backplane full duplex interface to the switch matrix. This is a 10Gb link divided into two 5Gb links. It also supports full redundancy to a second SWC. Low speed backplane interfaces the IFC8 to the master CPU on the SWC. Provides a fast Ethernet port. Power supply input of 48V GNP8LEDs
Full Name Port LA-8X00 System LA-8X00 Color Green /Yellow Green /Red Description
GNP 8 General Information Part Number: AT80051 Name: 8 Port High Performance Gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-X, SFP) $21,000 (no change from AT80011) Compatible SFPs: AT10037: 1000Base-T (New!) AT10005: 850nm MM 500m AT10006: 1310nm SM 10km AT10027: 1550nm SM 50km AT10007: 1550nm SM 70km AT10012: 1550nm SM 120km AT10022-XX: CWDM 70km AT10025-51: CWDM 100km
ATTL2SP-AE
107
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
GNP10
Supports all functions of existing 1 Port 10GE Module New Features in R3.0: 802.3ae standard, interoperable 10 GE LAN PHY interface Jumbo packets (9600 bytes) Power consumption 120W 2.5Gb/s flows Backward Compatibility Traffic flows limited to 4 x 2.5Gb/s User edge performance: Wire speed for packets over 86 bytes
108
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Backwards compatibility both 10GE card types can coexist in chassis Connections can flow through mix of card types Cannot be connected back to back to a current 10GE Card Fast link protection: Current 10GE card cannot protect high performance card Fast node protection: Rings must be EITHER current or new cards: No mix Rings of differing types sharing link link must be high performance cards (limited to one such link) Compatibility issues taken into account by ASPEN provisioning
ATTL2SP-AE
109
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
3.X User Edge Overview

1Gb/s User Edge on High Performance 8 port GbE Interface Module Allow direct customer connectivity to A-8000/A-4100 Applications : Serving enterprise customers with >100Mb/s services Direct connectivity or via a demarcation product (A-200) Connectivity to service providers (ISPs, ASPs, SSPs) Connectivity to 3rd party networks Aggregation of low cost, 3rd party access devices
110
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
R3.X User Edge: Features P2P with CIR/EIR policing as in A-2000 R3.Xnew TLS with CIR/EIR policing Port and VLAN mapping Translation and transparent modes Stacked user VLANs & Configurable Ethertype Jumbo frames to 9600 bytes Management access to CLE devices Connection statistics as in A-2000 Full ASPEN support as in A-2000
ATTL2SP-AE
111
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
R3.0 Unsupported features: IP mapping SLA measurements old TLS endpoints
112
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
ATTL2SP-AE
113
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Core-User Edge Functionality Connection Analyzer
114
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Core-User Edge Functionality Element Manager
ATTL2SP-AE
115
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Core-User Edge Functionality Element Manager
116
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Quick Setup For Initial Network Management Access

Atricas Service Platform for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) is the network management platform used to optimize the operation of the A-8X00. Users who utilize this management platform will be able to get the most out of their Atrica network. Also, by using this network management platform users are ensured that connection oriented services are planned, provisioned, and monitored across all networks. We will discuss managing the A-8X00 via Aspen and all of its associated applications in detail in later units of this course. Before one can successfully manage the A-8X00 system with ASPEN over an IP based network, there are some initial setup and configuration tasks that must be performed. The remainder of this section will discuss what is required to setup the A-8X00 device for initial management access. All management connection methods are summarized in the table below:
Management Tool Type Management Tool Description Connection Console Terminal RS-232 port on switch module
Administration Console:
Out-of-band Layer 3
Atrica Service Provisioning for Ethernet Networks (ASPEN) system:
A character-oriented, menu-driven user interface A character-oriented, menu-driven user interface Atricas Ethernet network management application
IP RJ-45 10/100Base-TX Ethernet port on switch module
In-band Layer 3 - IP GE port assigned to an IP interface and configured as the management port
ATTL2SP-AE
117
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Using the Console Port to Setup IP Parameters When using the Console port connected to terminal or terminal emulator program make they are configured with the following parameters: 9600 baud 8 bits 1 stop bit No parity No flow control
Convention
Boldface <italics> [x] -or[<italics>] -or[x <italics>] x|y|z|<italics> -or[x|y|z|<italics>]
Description
Indicates commands and keywords that you enter as shown. Indicates arguments for which you supply values.
Keywords and arguments within a set of square brackets are optional.

Keywords or arguments separated by vertical bars indicate a choice. Select one keyword or argument.
{x|y|z|<italics>} Braces group required choices. Select one keyword or argument.
118
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
A-8X00/4100 Core Device Configuration

The purpose of this section of unit 2 is to provide a functional understanding of how to use the embedded CLI software to configure core device for initial configuration on the Atrica network. During the lectures pertaining to this section your instructor will use the above sample network diagram to teach the students how to accomplish the required core device configuration tasks. In addition your instructor will also use the sample configuration files shown the next few pages to demonstrate the required steps to configure each device depicted in the above diagram.
ATTL2SP-AE
119
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
From the CLI command line students would need to type each of the following commands to configure the core device designated A-8100-1 in the diagram shown on the previous page. Your instructor will now describe the function of each command. Sample A-8100-1 Config File
config-set prompt A-8100-1 config-set interface loopback 1 ip address 172.27.4.233 255.255.255.248 config-set snmp-server community public read-only config-set snmp-server community private read-write config-set interface ethernet 13/8 mode management-access config-set interface ethernet 13/8 admin-state enabled config-set interface ethernet 13/8 ip address 172.27.5.52 255.255.255.0 config-set interface ethernet 14/1 mode network-core config-set interface ethernet 14/1 ip address 172.27.4.189 255.255.255.252 config-set interface ethernet 11/1 mode network-core config-set interface ethernet 11/1 ip address 172.27.4.198 255.255.255.252 config-set interface ethernet 13/1 mode network-edge config-set interface ethernet 13/3 mode network-edge config-set interface edge-group 1 ip address 172.27.4.217 255.255.255.248
120
ATTL2SP-AE
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
Configuring A-8100-2
config-set prompt A-8100-2 config-set interface loopback 1 ip address 172.27.4.234 255.255.255.248 config-set snmp-server community public read-only config-set snmp-server community private read-write config-set interface ethernet 11/1 mode network-core config-set interface ethernet 11/1 ip address 172.27.4.194 255.255.255.252 config-set interface ethernet 10/1 mode network-core config-set interface ethernet 10/1 ip address 172.27.4.197 255.255.255.252 config-set interface ethernet 13/1 mode network-edge config-set interface ethernet 14/1 mode network-edge config-set interface edge-group 1 ip address 172.27.4.201 255.255.255.248 config-set interface edge-group 1 admin-state enabled y config-set interface ethernet 13/1 edge-group 1 config-set interface ethernet 14/1 edge-group 1
ATTL2SP-AE
121
A - 8 X 0 0 / 4 1 0 0
U N I T
122
ATTL2SP-AE
UNIT 3
Connection Provisioning and Networking
Introduction
This section describes frame formats and interconnection between the different domains with an Atricas Optical Ethernet Metropolitan Area Network solution. It is paramount that individual reviewing this section have comprehensive understanding of the functions of the following Atrica hardware products: A-2000 product family A-8000 product family A-4100 product family

From frame format point of view, there are three domains: Metro Access where the frame format is the original user frame format Metro Edge or Network Edge where the frame format is VLAN Metro Core and Metro Aggregation or Network Core where the frame format is MPLS The diagram above depicts the different Atrica network domain
124
ATTL2SP-AE
Connections Paths End to end connections connect two or more user sites in order to facilitate engineered traffic between two UEIs. Connection paths can be established either with the CLI or ASPEN. However, because of the level of complexity involved it is always recommended that connections across the Atrica transport be established using ASPEN. There are three types of connections: 1. Point-to-Point (P2P): Bi-directional connection between two UEIs. P2P connections are constructed of two unidirectional LSPs. 2. Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP): Bi-directional connection among a group of UEIs. MP2MP are not implemented in first release. See the TLS section on how multiple sites are interconnected. 3. CES: Bi-directional connection between UEIs.
ATTL2SP-AE
125
Domain Traffic Flow Data enters the network through User Edge Interfaces. It is mapped to a Network VLAN according to Layer 1 (Port based) or Layer 2 (VLAN based) protocols. It goes through a Network Edge Interface and is mapped to MPLS according to a Layer 2 (VLAN based) protocol. The data then travels through Network Core Interfaces on Layer 2 Transport (MPLS based). It exits in the reverse way it was entered NCI->NEI->UEI.
126
ATTL2SP-AE
Domain Frame Formats Frames in the Network Core are always transmitted as MPLS packets. The Ingress A8X00 is responsible for removing the Network VLAN tag and inserting the MPLS label. Any Core A8X00 will swap the label according to its Forwarding Information Base (FIB). The egress A8X00 will remove the MPLS Header. A second MPLS label is added and later removed in some cases (label stacking), such as in link protection. The 32-bit MPLS header contains the following fields: Label The actual value of the MPLS label. CoS We use the experimental field for CoS. S Bottom of the stack field. Indicates whether the current label is the bottom of the stack (=1) or not (=0). TTL Time To Live. This field is similar to IP TTL. Layer 2 Header The A8X00 will not check for its own MAC address in core interfaces.
ATTL2SP-AE 127
When sending packets towards a neighboring LSR over a core link, the A8X00 will put the MAC-address of the neighboring LSR as the destination address of the packet. This MAC-address is learned from the OSPF packets received from the neighboring LSR. In case the MAC-address is not known of the neighboring LSR, the message will still be sent using another MAC-address. This MAC-address can be a constant Atrica special MAC-address allocated for that purpose. By doing this, the following is gained: PVCs start working even before the MAC-address of the other side is learned. PVCs work correctly between A8X00 devices, even if not running OSPF. The A8X00 works with third party LSRs as long as OSPF is enabled.
128
ATTL2SP-AE
Atrica Transport Frame Format Details The original user frame is a standard Ethernet and is depicted in the diagram shown above original frame, whose original length will be denoted as the User Frame Length (UFL) in the write-up, which follows. All A-2000 Ethernet access modules support standard Ethernet frames. These frames can be tagged or untagged frames. User VLAN are optional, and are only used when the user uses tagged frames. In an Atrica network the User Edge functionality creates a Network VLAN (NVLAN), and is mapped to a Connection ID (CID)
ATTL2SP-AE
129
Network Edge interface In an Atrica network frames entering the network edge will have a CID, NVLAN & CoS (indicating the connection network class). The NVLAN is always appended to the original frame. In cases where (Translation Mode) is used the original user frame length is lengthening by four bytes. The Network Edge Interfaces maps the NVLAN to MPLS label. Network Core Interface At the network core the frame format remains MPLS format and all core nodes will perform MPLS label swapping.
130
ATTL2SP-AE
Fast Protection Tunnel If the frame goes through protection tunnel, an additional MPLS shim header is added. This MPLS shim header is the tunnel ID. Note that this additional MPLS header is added just as long as the frame travels through the fast protection tunnel. This should only happen for few seconds, until the end-to-end protection kicks in and reroutes the connection to its alternative path. For complete description of Atrica protection architecture, please refer to Protection and Resiliency section.
ATTL2SP-AE
131
UNIT 5
Unit #5 ASPEN INSTALLATION
Unit 5 Objectives
After completing this unit, you will:
Understand how to install the ASPEN network management software on a UNIX workstation.
ASPEN OVERVIEW
The purpose of this unit is to discuss the installation of the ASPEN network management software from Atrica.
132
ATTL2SP-AE
Introduction To ASPEN
ASPEN consists of a number of components, including the ASPEN Application Server (AS), Backend Server (BES), Database (DB), Element Manager web server (EM), and GUI, as well as the OSS Server and the OSS, CNM, and SPM Northbound clients. Installation of these components depends on the package you have purchased and the configuration of the network management environment. The AS, BES, DB, EM, and OSS Server can only be installed on Solaris machines. The OSS client can only be installed on a Windows computer. The GUI, CNM client, and SPM client can be installed either on a Solaris station or a Windows computer. This chapter provides information about installing and uninstalling ASPEN and its components, and contains the following sections: Contents of the Installation CD-ROMs Installing the ASPEN Engine and GUI on a Solaris Station Installing and Uninstalling the ASPEN GUI in Windows Installing the OSS Server and Northbound Clients Uninstalling ASPEN Components
ATTL2SP-AE
133
134
ATTL2SP-AE
Updating ASPEN Network Manager Software Quitting the Installation Process
ATTL2SP-AE
135
Solaris Installation General Information

Atrica provides two types of installations for ASPEN: Typical There are two types of typical installations: Full Used when all the ASPEN Network Manager server components are to be installed on a single UNIX station. Engine Used to install the ASPEN database, Backend Server (BES), Application Server (AS), and the Element Managers on a single UNIX station Custom Used when the ASPEN Network Manager software is to be distributed over more than one station. The recommended distribution of ASPEN components for networks with fewer than 1500 devices is: Database, Application, and Backend Servers on one UNIX station, a backup Backend Server on a second UNIX station, and the ASPEN Manager GUI on a Windows 2000/XP computer. Both Full and Custom installation perform the following tasks: Install the selected components into an installation directory Link the installation directory to /opt/atrica Create new ASPEN database files for database installation. Set ASPEN database and Application Server IP addresses, including redundancy settings Initialize the ASPEN environment The complete ASPEN Network Manager can be installed on SUN Solaris 8/9 systems. The ASPEN Network Manager Graphic User Interface (GUI) however, can be installed on either SUN Solaris 8/9 or Windows NT 4/2000/XP. If the Backend Server and the database are installed on the same UNIX station, the Backend Server automatically performs a backup of the database once a day. If the Backend Server and the database are installed on separate UNIX stations, perform the database backup manually.
136
ATTL2SP-AE
Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
Installation Overview
For a complete overview of the ASPEN installation process review the flowchart on page 20 of 152 ASPEN Admin Guide.
ATTL2SP-AE
137
QUITTING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS
INSTALLING THE HPOV PLUG-IN
138
ATTL2SP-AE
ATTL2SP-AE
139

Sample Product Solutions Student Guide

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sample Product Solutions Student Guide

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS Student Guide

Copyright 2001 ATRICA, Inc. All rights reserved.

Unit 1 Objectives: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

Introduction to A-2000 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Network Core Connectors ..................................................................................................................................................................... 38

Quick Setup For Network Management Access.................................................................................................................................... 52

Access Levels ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 62

Introduction to the A-8X00/4100......................................................................................................................................................... 71

Unit 2 Objectives: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 71

A-8X00 CHASSIS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 72

A-8X00/4100 Important Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ 78

Different forwarding technologies are used in the various domains:...................................................................................................... 81

Chassis Options .................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

A-8X00/4100 Backplane ....................................................................................................................................................................... 84

A-8X00/4100 Physical Components...................................................................................................................................................... 89

A-8000 Alarms ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 90

A-8X00/4100 Cooling System ............................................................................................................................................................... 95

A-8X00/4100 Cabling and Transceiver Considerations ......................................................................................................................... 96

Connection Provisioning and Networking ........................................................................................................................................ 123

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 123

Unit #5 ASPEN INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................... 132

Unit 5 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................................................. 132

ASPEN OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................................... 132

Introduction To ASPEN .................................................................................................................................................................... 133

Solaris Installation General Information ......................................................................................................................................... 136

Hardware Requirements ................................................................................................................................................................... 137

Software Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 137

Installation Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 137

QUITTING THE INSTALLATION PROCESS...................................................................................................................................... 138

Type of Services Offered

A-2000 Product Family Overview

Number of Access Ports 24 24 12

Network Port Type 1000BaseLX 1000BaseLX 1000Base-

Atrica Model AT20050* AT20051* AT20062*

AT20063* AT20056 AT20057 AT20070 AT20071

Name Power OK/Fail TST/LPB/Disabled A-2101 Power Supply

OC-3/STM-1 module modes

A-2100 Network Ports - Front Panel View

Network Core Connectors

Policing Functionality Overview

Packet Processing Engine

Hello SLA measurement Connection traceroute

Round trip delay Round trip jitter

Round-trip delay = (return-timestamp start-timestamp)

Connection Traceroute (Release 2.2 and above)

Hop number Device IP Address

Replication of multicast packets IGMP snooping Filtering of multicast packets

1GE Access Module

Ingress Flow Egre ss Flow Di scard CPU Traffic

A-2000 PRODUCT FAMILY Queuing Scheme 1 Gigabit Ethernet Access Module

Network port A Network port B CPU (internal) port

Rate Adaptation Queue

Rate Adaptation Queue

BroadCom Switch Access bay 1

Ingress Flow Egre ss Flow Di scard CPU Traffic

Queuing and Scheduling

QOS & Priority

Egress Path Prioritization

Quick Setup For Network Management Access

ASCII Configuration files

SNMP TFTP NTP

A-2000 Architecture Software

Reset/Initialization/Diagnostics Reset and initialize all hardware and perform POST