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Knowledge Byte
In this section, you will learn about the following:

DDNS Managing DNS Zones Viewing the Event Viewer folder in the DNS Server Removing DHCP Server from Windows 2003 Server

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Lesson 3C / Slide 1 of 21

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DDNS

The DNS file is required to be updated for the following reasons:

A host added to a network A host removed from a network A host moved from one physical network to another physical network A host has changed its IP address

The changes are required to be made to the DNS master file manually. In the current scenario, with Internet, it is very difficult to update the DNS master file manually. The Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) has been invented to update DNS file dynamically.

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Lesson 3C / Slide 2 of 21

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Managing DNS Zones

The following are the advantages of having more than one DNS server while resolving name queries:

Reduce network traffic Load balancing Fault Tolerance

Zone transfer can occur when: A secondary server is notified of zone changes by its primary server The DNS Server service is started at a secondary server for the zone The DNS management console is used at a secondary server for the zone to manually initiate a transfer from its master server The refresh interval expires for the zone

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Lesson 3C / Slide 3 of 21

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Viewing the Event Viewer folder in the DNS Server

To view the Event Viewer folder in the DNS Server:

Open the DNS management window

Expand the Event Viewer folder

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Lesson 3C / Slide 4 of 21

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Viewing the Event Viewer folder in the DNS Server (Contd.)

Select DNS Events to view the DNS events as shown in the following figure:

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Lesson 3C / Slide 5 of 21

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Removing DHCP Server from Windows 2003 Server

1. 2.

To remove the DHCP server from Windows 2003 Server operating system, perform the following steps: Select StartControl PanelAdd or Remove Programs. The Add or Remove Programs window appears. In the Add or Remove Programs window, click the Add/Remove Components button. The Windows Components Wizard dialog box appears. Select the Networking Services option and click the Details button. The Networking Details dialog box appears. In the Networking Details dialog box, uncheck the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) check box and click the OK button to return to the Windows Components Wizard dialog box.
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3. 4.

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Removing DHCP Server from Windows 2003 Server (Contd.)

5. In the Windows Components Wizard dialog box, click the Next button. The Windows Components wizard displays a progress bar for removing DHCP services. After completion the Completing the Windows component wizard screen appears. Click the Finish button in the Completing the Windows component wizard screen to close the Windows Components Wizard. Click the Close button to close the Add or Remove Programs window.

6. 7.

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Lesson 3C / Slide 7 of 21

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From the Experts Desk

This section will introduce the following:

Tips on using DHCP Server FAQs on DHCP Server

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Lesson 3C / Slide 8 of 21

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Tips
Using DHCP Server

To use DHCP server efficiently:

Configure the DHCP server to use a superscope and change the primary IP address on the DHCP servers address to recognize the newly added scope in the DHCP Server. So that the addressed can be issued to clients from the newly added scope. Create reserved client with unlimited lease duration and add reservations to scope for which the incorrect Lease expiration time is getting displayed.

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Lesson 3C / Slide 9 of 21

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FAQs
Q. You are using more than one DHCP server in a subnet and you want to have the printer server getting the same IP address always? Ans. Reservations should be created on all DHCP servers that can potentially service the printer server. This will ensure that print server always receive the same IP address lease at startup. Q. You are using more than one DHCP server in a subnet. What is the best method of creating scopes in a DHCP server? Ans. You should use superscopes for multiple DHCP servers on each subnet in a LAN environment. A superscope enables a DHCP server to provide leases from more than one scope to clients on a single physical network.

Q.

You want to deactivate a scope from a DHCP server. In what situation you will deactivate a scope? Ans. You should deactivate scopes only when a scope has to be removed permanently otherwise DHCP negative acknowledgement messages (DHCPNACK) will be sent to clients.
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FAQs (Contd.)
Q. Robert, who works as a system administrator in Database Solution Inc., wants to put two DHCP servers in a subnet for fault tolerance. But he is not sure how to distribute the scope between the two servers. Ans. Robert should use the 80/20-design rule that is the first DHCP server should provide IP address to the 80% of the node in the network and the second server should provide IP address to the 20% of the node in the network. This rule helps to balance the scope distribution of addresses where multiple DHCP servers are deployed to service the same scope. Q. Robert while monitoring the network found many DHCPDECLINE messages in the network, which is increasing the network traffic. He wants to minimize the generation of DHCPDECLINE messages. How will he do it? Ans. Robert should use conflict detection method. Conflict Detection is used to determine whether an IP address is already in use on the network before leasing or using the address. It can be used either by DHCP servers or clients. Server-side conflict detection should be used on DHCP servers only when it is needed.
NIIT Collaborate Lesson 3C / Slide 11 of 21

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Challenge
1. Crossword

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Lesson 3C / Slide 12 of 21

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Challenge (Contd.)
Across 2. 4. 5. 7. 8. An extension to BOOTP protocol A component of DNS used for mapping address to a name or a name to an address DNS record used to specify the name of the primary server that contains the zone files for the domain A value, which can be set using the zones Start of Authority (SOA) resource record for all the records It has been invented to update DNS file dynamically

Down 1. 2. 3. 5. 6.
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A protocol that provides static configuration information to clients A TCP/IP application service that converts user-friendly names to IP address It is an administrative authority or responsibility of name servers for a domain or part of a domain Pool of IP address maintain by DHCP Server A reply packet from BOOTP server
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Challenge (Contd.)
2. Which DNS resource record type is used in reverse lookups to associate an IP address with a host name? a. b. c. d. . 3. Soft Solutions Ltd is a company in the field of research and development of biomedical products. The company has a network of over 100 computers. The computers receive IP address from a remote DHCP server. The company uses dial up networking connection for accessing Internet using SLIP. You are working as service representative in the organization. You want to configure a workstation to connect to the local Internet Service Provider (ISP). When you dialled the number to connect, you were unable to browse the Internet. You also find that you are unable to send or receive any files from an FTP site. What could be the possible cause of the problem?
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NS SOA PTR SRV

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Challenge (Contd.)
4. You are working as a network administrator for River Valley Systems. The company has a network of over 100 computers. The company has recently ventured into development of multimedia Computer Based Tutorials (CBTs) and Web Based Tutorials (WBTs). You have been asked to install 50 new computers over the network that would enable development of multimedia graphics. You want these computers to receive IP address from the DHCP server. For this, you have added a new scope at the DHCP server for the purpose of renumbering the existing network. When you installed the new computers, you found that they are not able to get new address from the DHCP Server. What is the possible cause of the problem and how it can be resolved? . 5. You are working as a network administrator in All Software Inc. The company has two offices in the same city. The two offices have been connected through hubs, routers and gateways. You have installed a DHCP server for the purpose of assigning IP addresses to the computers in one office. Now, you want to use the same DHCP server to assign IP addresses to the computers in second office, which has a different subnet mask.
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Challenge (Contd.)
When you tried to implement this, you found that DHCP packets are not travelling beyond the local network. What could be the problem and how it can be resolved? 6. George has recently joined Lifetime Insurance Inc as a system administrator. The company is located in Texas and has 1500 employees. Recently, they have shifted to a two-story building. The company wants to implement Domain name system in their network. The company uses its network for basic file and print sharing. They also have a database server and a mailing server. The company has a Windows NT 4.0 network. The company plans to

upgrade their network to Windows 2003 server.

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Lesson 3C / Slide 16 of 21

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Challenge (Contd.)
The company is having one domain for all its users. George has to draft a network design. a. b. c. d. e. f. How many DNS domains are required? How many subdomains are required? How many zones are required? How many primary servers are required? How many secondary servers are required? How many caching servers are required?

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Lesson 3C / Slide 17 of 21

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Solutions to Challenge
1. Across 2. DHCP 4. Resolver 5. SOA 7. TTL 8. DDNS
Down 1. BOOTP 2. DNS 3. Zone 5. Scope 6. BOOTREPLY

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Lesson 3C / Slide 18 of 21

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Solutions to Challenge (Contd.)

2. 3. c. Because SLIP does not support DHCP, you will not be able to receive an IP address over the dial up connection. In order to resolve this situation, you must configure PPP as your dial-up protocol and configure the workstation to use DHCP to get its IP address. DHCP Server is not able to recognize the newly added scope as you have added a new scope. DHCP server is used to provide lease to clients only from one scope even when more than one scope is defined and activated. The scope used for leasing IP address is determined by whether the first IP address of the scope is bound and assigned to the servers network adapter hardware. This problem can be avoided by the following ways: Configure a superscope that includes the old scope and the new scope Change the primary IP address on the DHCP servers network adapter to an IP address that is part of the same network as the new scope. Router should be RFC 1542-compliant router or there should be a DHCP relay agent in the second office.
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4.

5.
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Solutions to Challenge (Contd.)

6.
a. One - It is a small network of 1500 users and one DNS domain is enough b. Two- One for each floor. The network includes two floors, so you can subdivide the domain to create two subdomain that reflect the floors. c. Two- One for each floor. You can distribute administrative task to different floors by configuring two zones. This will provide more efficient data distribution.

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Lesson 3C / Slide 20 of 21

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Solutions to Challenge (Contd.)

d. One for the entire domain e. Two - One for each floor f. Two- One for each floor. To reduce the network congestion you can use caching servers instead of secondary server.

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Lesson 3C / Slide 21 of 21