Western civilization

Pertains to the civilization that began in the Middle East and generally spread westwards, in contrast to Eastern civilization. In its broader sense, its roots may be traced back to 9000 BCE, when humans existing in hunter-gatherer societies began to settle into agricultural societies. Farming became prominent around the headwaters of the Euphrates, Tigris and Jordan Rivers, spreading outwards into and across Europe; in this sense, the West produced the world's first cities, states, and empires. However, Western civilization in its more strictly defined European sphere traces its roots back to classical antiquity. From European and Mediterranean origins, it has spread to produce the dominant cultures of modern North America, South America, and much of Oceania, and has had immense global influence in recent centuries.

Western world The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident, is a term referring to different nations depending on the context.

Western culture Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, is a term used very broadly to refer to a Cultural heritage|heritage of social norms, ethics|ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific Cultural artifacts and technologies. History of Western civilization Western civilization describes the development of human civilization beginning in the Middle East, and generally spreading westwards, and it is generally contrasted with Eastern civilization.

ANTIQUITY

Mesopotamia ("land of rivers") is a toponym for the area of the TigrisEuphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.

Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution was the first agricultural revolution.[3] Sumer Sumer was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern Iraq during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age.[note 1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

Babylonia Babylonia was an ancient cultural region in central-southern Mesopotamia, with Babylon as its capital. Assyrian people most commonly known as Assyrians and other later names, such as: Chaldeans, Syrians, Syriacs, are a distinct ethnic group whose origins

lie in ancient Mesopotamia. Mediterranean Basin In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt.

Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent, nicknamed "The Cradle of Civilization" due to the birth of various kingdoms within its borders, is a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, and the Nile Valley and Delta of north east Africa.

Ancient Greek philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including political philosophy, ethics,metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric, and aesthetics.

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of Macedonia |Macedon, a state in northern ancient Greece.

Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that began growing on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BCE.

Roman Empire The Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean. Migration Period The Migration Period, also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period of intensified human migration in Europe from about 400 to 800 . Invasion of the Huns, Attilla the Hun from 370 to 500; invasion extended into what is now modern France and Germany.