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Scientists have enormous contribution in the advancement of human civilization.

Throughout the history of the world, many scientists have dedicated their lives for research and innovation. Some of them even faced a lot of torture for their theories but they continued their mission and thus we are now in a modern world. I have made a list of 10 great scientists in the history. Well, naturally, I had to leave out a lot of great figures. However, I feel that my list re resents some of the greatest scientists ever. Aristotle !ristotle is the "reat hiloso her who had a vast #nowledge in different disci lines. Studying different sub$ect he contributed a lot in each of those sub$ects. He contributed in hysics, oetry, zoology, logic, rhetoric, olitics, government, ethics, and biology. This laurel "ree# hiloso her was born in Stagira in %&' (). His father *icomachus was a hysician to the #ing !myntas III of +acedon,s court and it is believed that their ancestors also held this osition. -arlier in his life he was taught by his father at home and the medical #nowledge he got from his father led him to investigate natural henomenon later on. !t the age of 1& he admitted in to the young "ree# aristocracy run by .lato, another "reat "ree# hiloso her, and !ristotle became the most favorite student of .lato. !s a scientist !ristotle made a good contribution which was very influential for the develo ment of the science over the year. +ainly he s ent most of his life researching the natural science and he did the researches without ma#ing reference to the +athematics which was later roven as the wea#ness of his research by the scientists. His natural science oriented research includes botany, zoology, hysics, astronomy, chemistry, and meteorology, geometry and many more. He was also the teacher of the "reat warrior !le/ander the "reat. This great hiloso her died n %00 (). Image 1in#2 Wi#i edia

Sir Isaac Newton *ewton was also a man of versatile 3uality. He was hysicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural hiloso her in a row. His contribution in the develo ment of science is a s ecial one. He I best #nown for his e/ lanation of 4niversal "ravitation and three laws of motion, and he was able to rove that the reason of both the motion of ob$ects on -arth and of celestial bodies are controlled by the same *eutral laws. These findings could ma#e a revolutionary change in the develo ment of science. In mechanical science his great contribution was in o tics. He could ma#e a reflecting telesco e. He also made some research on light and stars. His research on "eneral binomial Theorem hel ed to be introduced today,s )alculus. *ewton was born to a farmer family but before three months of his birth his father died and then he was brought u to his maternal grandmother as her mother remarried. *ewton could show his talent from his early life in The 5ing,s School in "rantham and later he $oined to the )ambridge 4niversity where he too# his higher degrees. Image 1in#2 Wi#i edia

Galileo Galilei "alileo is considered as one of the greatest contributor to the develo ment of Science. It is undoubtedly true that "alileo could first hel ed science to come out of the trend of !ristotle. He was hysicist, astronomer, and hiloso her and his best #nowncontributions lie in the develo ment of Telesco e, first two laws of motion and also in !stronomy. He is also considered as the father of astronomy, father of hysics and father of science. He was born to a mathematician and musician father 6incenzo "alilei and his mother was "iulia !mmannati in Italy. He was taught form his very early life. He was the first scientist who followed the way of 3uantitative e/ eriments in his research where the result was based on mathematics. He had to suffer a lot from the church for his theories. Image 1in#2 "alileo

Charles Robert Darwin There can be debate about whether )harles 7arwin 810 9ebruary 1&0: ; 1: ! ril 1&&0< is the greatest scientist of all time but there is no doubt that he is the most controversial scientist of all time. =n the

=rigin of S ecies by +eans of *atural Selection 81&>:<? this is the boo# that has made 7arwin immortal in the world history. This boo# has changed the course of science radically. It is erha s an irony that 7arwin studied theology and instead of becoming a clergy, he became naturalist. 7arwin went to different arts of the world and carried out e/tensive research. His theory about origin of human beings caused wides read controversy. 7arwin stated that human beings have evolved through many changes and survival of the fittest was in im ortant factor in the develo ment of animal world. 7arwin,s theory still causes assionate debate among his su orters and o onents. Image 1in#2 )harles 7arwin

Albert Einstein -instein is the great scientist of the twentieth century and notable hysicist of all time. It is told that he had learning disability in his childhood. He could not tal# till he was three and could not read till he was eight. 7es ite such roblems he later became the noble rize winner for his contribution to the .hysics. His theory of relativity is considered as a revolutionary develo ment of .hysics. He got *oble .rize in .hysics in 1:01 for his e/ lanation of the .hotoelectric -ffect and for his research in Theoretical hysics. Image 1in#2 Wi#i edia

Thomas Edison -dison is the great inventor who has over 1000 atents and his inventions are in various fields used in our daily life. In his early life he was thought to have a learning disability and he could not read till he was twelve and later he himself admitted that he became deafafter ulling u to a train car by his ears. He first could able to turn the attention of the world after inventing .honogra h. His one of the most o ular invention is the -lectric (ulb. He also develo ed the telegra h system. His invention of carbon tele hone transmitter develo ed the carbon micro hone which was used in the tele honed till 1:&0. He also became a rominent businessman and his business institution roduced his inventions and mar#eted the roducts to the general eo le.

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Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta 6olta was Italian hysicist and he is best #nown for his contribution to the develo ment of electric battery. This benevolent scientist is also regarded as one of the founder of the electric age. His arents sent him to the @esuit school intending to ma#e him a @urist. He also taught in the 4niversity of .avia for 0> year. !fter that in 1&00 he could ma#e voltaic ile which could roduce steady electric current. He then wor#ed on to develo the electric bulb. 9or his wor# in the electric develo ment he was given a count by *a oleon. -m eror of!ustria honored him naming him a rofessor of .hiloso hy at .adova. 9or his honor an electric unit 6olt was named after him. Image 1in#2 Wi#i edia

Stephen Hawkin This famous scientist is considered as the greatest scientist of the twentieth century after -instein. Haw #ing,s big bang theory and blac# hole theory has turned the attention of the world. He is the rofessor of +athematics of the 4niversity of )ambridge. Though he is now about to be aralyzed, he is teaching through a com uter su orted a machine by which his world are com iled. His hysical illness could not ma#e him sto form his research. His famous boo# is A! (rief History of TimeB. Image 1in#2 Wi#i edia

!ouis "asteur He is one of the most famous contributors in the medical science. He first introduced the germ theory of diseases. This is regarded as the base of today,s microbiology. He found out some of the notion of the microbe and he could find out that the viruses were not detectable through microsco e. !nother im ortant contribution of .asteur is to rotect harmful microbes in a way called A.asteurizationB where harmful microbes are destroyed by hitting the food. He is undoubtedly the most influential scientist in medical science. Image 1in#2 !ouis "asteur

Sir #a adish Chandra $ose He was the first renowned (engali scientist who had an im ortant contribution in the invention of Cadio and microwave o tics. He was born in +ymensingh in (engal which is the current +unshigan$ 7istrictin (angladesh. He studied in Hare school in 5ol#ata and then he got his (.!. in Science degree from )alcutta 4niversity. Then he went to-ngland and got a (.!. degree from )ambridge 4niversity and a (.Sc. from 1ondon 4niversity. !fter coming bac# to the country he started teaching .hysics in the .residency )ollege at 5ol#ata. In his teaching career he had to rove his 3uality and talent as he was the first Indian to teach Science at the college. In 1&:' he started to research on Cadio wave to ma#e wireless communication e3ui ments. !t the same time Italy,s +arconi also was researching on this ro$ect. He first invented Diron?mercury?iron coherer with tele hone detectorD and he is the first erson to use a semiconductor $unction to catch the radio waves. It is said that his wor# on millimeter wavelength made him >0 years ahead. )onsidering such things it is said that he was the real inventor of Cadio but due to his less seriousness towards atent and the communication ga made +arconi to be regarded as the inventor of Cadio. !fter that he contributed in lant where he could ma#e some vital theory of ascent of sa . In this research he showed that some living cells in the endodermis $unction are the reason for the ascent of sa . Gu lielmo %archese %arconi +arconi is a *obel laureate hysicist from Italy. He is best #nown for his invention of Cadio and he first introduced wireless telegra h system. He was born to a landowner father "iuse e +arconi and his mother was !nnie @ameson. He was very interested to science form his early life. He initially started wor#ing on electromagnetic wave or radio waves invented by Heinrich Hertz. Then after a long research he could figure out such a technology to communicate without wire. !fter his invention, he mar#eted this e3ui ment for the commercial ur ose and at that time he got a com etitor free mar#et in the 4.S.

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