Hydrated Compound Lab Period 5; Jocelyn H Natasha C; H Chem Hydrate Lab

Have you ever wondered what those little packets of chemicals are that usually comes with a new pair of shoes? When you unpack a new CD player, television, or a bottle of medicine, the container usually contains one or more packets of desiccant. The packet absorbs moisture in the air so that the equipment will not be damaged. The chemical inside the packet contains a type of salt that has the ability to bind water molecules within their lattice structure. These compounds are known as hydrate crystals. In this lab, you will be dehydrating a chemical hydrate and determine the amount of water that will be evaporated away and the anhydrous salt that will be left over.

Pre Lab
Materials -Crucible -Hydrate compound (salt) -Crucible tongs -Scale for mass -Spoon (or something to scoop salt) -Bunsen burner -Lighter Procedures 1. Mass the crucible 2. Spoon 1-2 scoops of the salt into the crucible and mass it 3. Place the crucible with the salt over the bunsen burner and heat it until the bright blue hydrate compound turns completely white-grey 4. Take the crucible off the heat with tongs and mass it 5. Dump out the heated salt Pre Lab Question In the lab, you find the mass of the test-tube to be 12.443g, and the mass of the compound and the test-tube to be 17.122g. After heating and mixing multiple times to drive off

the water, you find the mass of the ionic compound (also known as the anhydrous compound) and the test-tube to be 14.992g. The hydrated compounds is always a 1: X ratio. Write a balanced equation: 1 CoCl x 6 H O 17.122-12.443= mass of the compound= 4.679 g 14.992-12.443= mass of the anhydrous compound= 2.549 g 4.679-2.549= mass of the evaporated H2O= 2.130 g molar mass of CoCl = 129.83 grams molar mass of H O = 18.02 grams. 2.549 g* (1 mole/129.83 g)= 0.020 moles 2.130 g* (1 mole/ 18.02g)= 0.118 moles 0.020:0.118= 1:6
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Calculations

What is the mass of the ionic compound without water (also called the anhydrous compound)? How many moles is this?

The ionic compound without water (the mass of the salt after heating) is 1.924 grams. Molar mass of CuCl = Cu molar mass [63.55]+ Cl molar mass*2 [35.45*2=70.90]= 134.45 grams per mole 1.924 g CuCl * (1 mole of CuCl / 134.45 g of CuCl )= 0.014 moles= 1.4x10 moles of CuCl
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What is the mass of the water heated away? How many moles is this? The mass of the water heated away is 1.01g (the mass of the crucible with salt after first heating taken away from the mass of the crucible with salt). The molar mass of water is (1.01 grams of hydrogen in a mole *2 + 16.00 grams of oxygen in a mole) 18.02 grams. 1.01g of H O * (1 mole/18.02 grams of H O)= 0.06 moles of H O= 6x10 moles of H O
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What is the mole ratio of the ionic compound to the water? 0.01432 mol CuCl : 0.0560 mol H O 1 mol CuCl : 4 mol H O
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What is the formula of the reactant hydrate compound? What is the formula of the reactant hydrate compound? CuCl x 4H O What is the name of this compound? Copper (II) Chloride Tetrahydrate
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Discussion Questions:
1. What was the actual ratio you obtained (with all significant digits)? What was your rounded ratio to whole numbers? Is your actual ratio higher or lower than the rounded ratio? Research what the actual ratio should be. Is your answer too high or too low? What is the percent error? The actual ratio obtained was 0.01432 mol CuCl : 0.0560 mol H O, and the rounded ratio was 1 mol CuCl : 4 mol H O.
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Since the ratio was rounded up, the actual was higher than the rounded ratio. The correct name of the compound is copper (II) chloride dihydrate, so the ratio would be 1 mol CuCl : 2 mol H O. Therefore, the answer collected from the data is too high. The formula for calculating the percent error is: absolute value of theoretical - actual / theoretical x 100%, so [|(2.00/1.00) - (0.0560/0.01432)| / 2.00] x 100% = 95.6%
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(Author: Jocelyn Hung , Editor: Natasha Chyi) 2. How would your ratio change if you did not dehydrate the compound fully?

The ratio would decrease, because not all the water would have been evaporated from the original solution. This would cause the mass of the CuCl solution after heating to be greater than it should be, and cause the mass of the evaporated water to be less than it should be.
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(Author: Natasha Chyi , Editor: Jocelyn Hung) 3. Suppose some of the compound fell out of the test tube before heating but after massing. How would that change your ratio? Since some of the compound fell, the overall mass is going to decrease. When you mass the compound after you heat it, the difference in mass (which is the difference in water), will be greater. Therefore, since the mass of water is increased, the ratio between CuCl and H O will be greater than it actually
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is.
(Author: Jocelyn Hung , Editor: Natasha Chyi) 4. How would your ratio change if the test tube was wet when the hydrated compound was added to it at the beginning of the experiment? The ratio would be increased, as the mass of the original hydrated compound would also contain the mass of the water on the test tube. Therefore, the mass of the evaporated water would contain the mass of both the water from the test tube and the water from the hydrated compound, making the value greater than it should be in comparison to the CuCl .
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(Author: Natasha Chyi , Editor: Jocelyn Hung) 5. How would your ratio relate to another groups who used the same compound, if you used 2.0 grams and they used 2.5grams? The ratio should remain the same, because even if the amount of compound differs, the ratio between CuCl and H O is always 1 mol of CuCl : 2 mol of H O. If there is a
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difference in the ratio, it should only be very minimal. The only thing difference between the two is that 2.0 grams

dehydrates at a quicker rate than 2.5 grams.

(Author: Jocelyn Hung , Editor: Natasha Chyi) 6. Suggest what might happen if you left the anhydrous compound to sit overnight before weighing it for your data? It may sway the ratio between CuCl and H O, depending on the weather and climate. If the air is hot and dry, it could evaporate some of the moisture in the hydrate compound, decreasing our mass of H O. If the air is humid, it could increase our mass of H O in the hydrate compound.
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(Author: Natasha Chyi , Editor: Jocelyn Hung) 7. If you could improve this lab, what you do differently and why? Discuss at least three feasible improvements and why with reference to the other discussion questions and errors. (Note: relate this to #1 and the answers for the other questions). If there were any improvements made in this lab, it would be to dehydrate the compound fully. Since the compound was only heated once, not all the water molecules may have evaporated, and a second heating would ensure more accurate results. A second improvement would be to repeat this experiment two more times (if time permits), because then an average ratio could be collected. The last improvement would be making sure the test tube was dry before adding the hydrated compound, and being careful not to spill anything out of the crucible. (Author: Jocelyn Hung , Editor: Natasha Chyi) Conclusion Statement: Write a one to two sentence statement to conclude what you did in your lab, what was your actual and how did it compare to your theoretical. To conclude, the actual ratio between CuCl and H O was 0.01432 mol CuCl : 0.0560 mol H O, which rounded up to 1
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mol CuCl : 4 mol H O. The theoretical ratio was 1 mol CuCl : 2 mol H O, which was lower than the actual ratio
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