INTRODUCTION

While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum speed limit permitted for their vehicle. However, accidents keep occurring due to speed violations since the drivers tend to ignore their speedometers. This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicles speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway. The system basically comprises two laser transmitter- !" sensor pairs, which are installed on the highway #$$ metres apart, with the transmitter and the !" sensor of each pair on the opposite sides of the road displays the time taken by the vehicle in crossing this #$$m distance from one pair to the other with a resolution of $.$# second,from which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated as follows% &peed 'kmph( )!istance*Time $.# km *

) '"eading+$.$#(*,-$$ or "eading 'on display( ),-$$$ * &peed

Circuit description
the circuit of the speed checker. .t has been designed assuming that the maximum permissible speed for highways is either /$ kmph or -$ kmph as per the traffic rule. The circuit is built around five 01222 timer .3s '.3# through .32(, four 3!/$4- counter .3s '.3- through .35( and four 6-segment displays '!.&# through !.&/(.

Construction and working

7ssemble the circuit on a 839. 7n actualsi:e, single-side 839 layout for the speed checker is shown in ;ig. / and its component layout in ;ig. 2. 9efore operation, using a multimeter check whether the power supply

output is correct. .f yes, apply power supply to the circuit by flipping switch &, to <on. .n the circuit, use long wires for connecting the two !"s, so that you can take them out of the 839 and install on one side of the highway, #$$ metres apart.

Parts list
Semiconductors: .3#-.32 - 01222 timer .3-- .35 - 3!/$4- decade counter*6-segment decoder .3#$ - 3!/$## 070! gate .3## - 6=#4 #4> regulator !#, !4 - #0/#/= switching diode !,-!- - #0/$$6 rectifier diode 1!# - ?reen 1! 1!4, 1!, - "ed 1! !.&#-!.&/ - T&2/, common-cathode, 6-segment display Resistors (all watt! "#$ car%on(% "#, "/ - #$$-kilo-ohm "4, "2, "-, "=, "#$, "##, "#/ - #$-kilo-ohm

",, "6, "#,, "#--"#5 - /6$-ohm "5 - /6$-kilo-ohm "#4, "#2 - #-kilo-ohm >"#, >"4 - #$$-kilo-ohm preset >", - 4$-kilo-ohm preset Capacitors: 3# - #$$@;, 42> electrolytic 34, 3/, 3-, 3=, 3## - $.$#@; ceramic disk 3,, 3#,, 3#2 - $.#@; ceramic disk 32 - #$@;, 42> electrolytic 36 - $./6@;, 42> electrolytic 35 - $.4@; ceramic disk 3#$ - #@;, 42> electrolytic 3#4 - /6@;, 42> electrolytic 3#/ - #$$$@;, ,2> electrolytic &iscellaneous: A# - 4,$> 73 primary to $#2>, 2$$m7 secondary Trans'ormer 8B# - 8ie:obu::er !"#, !"4 - !" &#, &4 - 8ush-to-on switch &, - Cn*Cff switch - 8ointed laser light