Annotated Bibliography The Epidemiology and preventative Health of Multiple Sclerosis Hughes, Sue.

Vitamin D for All to prevent MS? Oct. 3, 2013. Web. Nov. 12, 2013. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/812045#2 Doctors meet at the 29th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis on October 2, 2013. There is evidence for Vitamin D supplication to lower the risk of MS. Dr. Ebers commented no problem taking up to 4000 IU/ day and high dose of vitamin D will not cause an epidemic of rental failure, so no toxicity risk. Some want randomized clinical trials before suggesting supplementation, however contamination is unavoidable in these trials due to sunlight. Dr. Montalban stated, "I would say 'it is safe, it is probably effective, and I haven't got time to wait for clinical trials to be done. Vitamin D is one environmental factor that affects the development of Multiple Sclerosis. Now research has shown that high doses of it have been shown to increase the prevention of MS, and therefore preventing more people from developing disability. Storrs, Carina. Diet, Smoking May Affect MS Progression. March 30, 2012. Web. Nov. 12, 2013. http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/03/30/dietsmoking-may-affect-ms-progression Cigarette smoking associated with an increase risk of becoming disabled. MS has two types relapsing, most common which is defined as an attack periods then recovery periods, and progressive, which is a constant steadying of the disease. Smoking specifically accelerates MS disease progression, not only risk factor. This information is important in my research since it is an outside factor that can be prevented which is associated with MS. From my professional viewpoint this is the type of factors epidemiologists look for to in the future decrease MS prevalence and therefore decrease muscular disability. Health Day a health news site seems fair and unbiased as suggested on their editorial policy. Link between Dental Mercury Fillings and Multiple Sclerosis Examined in Nationally Televised Interview. Jan 2, 2013. Web. Nov. 12, 2013. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/link-between-dental-mercury-fillingsand-multiple-sclerosis-examined-in-nationally-televised-interview-185401602.html A personal example of how removing mercury fillings made her recover from Multiple Sclerosis. Dental fillings called silver have 50% mercury content. This heavy metal is linked to neurological diseases. The American Dental Association had endorsed the continued use of dental amalgam. Other countries have banned the use of mercury amalgam fillings. This article even though brief is important to my research since it would supply an epidemiologist with another factor that could prevent MS.

Multiple Sclerosis: Overview. Utah Medical Library. Web. Nov 14, 2013. http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/ms/overview.html MS is a disease of the central nervous system, the brains white matter has demyelination and T-Cell dominated inflammation. Characterized by neurological abnormalities that include increased spasticity, double vision, or numbness. The symptoms usually increase their severity over the years. MS generally affects people during their most productive years. Diagnosis of the disease could be by magnetic imaging or spinal fluid examination. Sources of the disease are suggested to be partly genetic and partly environmental factors. Among them are viral or post infectious origins and Vitamin B-12 deficiency. The levels of MS are benign, relapsing, and progressive- primary or secondary progressive. Currently there is no cure. This applies to my research to get more of a definition as to what MS is. Palmieri, Rachael L. Multiple and Sclerosis Spasticity. Albany, NY. Sep 2009. Web. Nov. 14, 2013. http://www.va.gov/MS/articles/Multiple_and_Sclerosis_Spasticity.asp MS suffers whom experience spasticity are in a constant state of contraction which causes stiffness that can interfere with daily living activities. These spasms can happen in the calf, thigh, buttock, groin, and sometimes the back. The movements are involuntary. Spasticity can increase with fatigue, heat, humidity, or lying for long periods of time. There is a Modified Ashworth Scale used to grade spasticity from 0 (no increase in muscle tone)-4 (muscles in rigid flexion). Suggested ways to manage spasticity are to stretch and develop an exercise program to manage energy better. There are also antispasmodic drugs that are specific for the time of day. MS spasms are disabling for those effected since they require care once they occur, and are random.