docherty (cd23924) – HW13 – Mackie – (20223) 1

This print-out should have 11 questions. This is the same result as for Part 1.
Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page – find all choices 003 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
before answering. A screen is illuminated by 634 nm light as
shown in the figure below.
001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points The distance from the slits to the screen is
A pair of narrow, parallel slits separated by 6.9 m .
0.187 mm are illuminated by green light of
wavelength 556 nm. An interference pattern
is observed on a screen 1.55 m away from the
plane of the slits.
Calculate the distance from the central 55%
maximum to the first bright region on ei-
ther side of the central maximum. y
Correct answer: 4.60856 mm.

0.8 mm
S1
θ
Explanation:

viewing
For the bright band

screen
S2
λL
ybright = , 6.9 m
d
where m = 1 for the first bright region. Thus Figure: Not drawn to scale.
λL Find the minimum positive phase angular
y= I
d value φ such that = 55% , where I0 is the
(5.56 × 10−7 m) (1.55 m) I0
= intensity at the central maximum and I is the
(0.000187 m) intensity at the position y on the screen.
= 0.00460856 m Correct answer: 84.2608 ◦.
= 4.60856 mm .

002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Explanation:

Calculate the distance between the first and Basic Concepts:
second dark bands. 0 π/2 π 3 π/2 2π
Correct answer: 4.60856 mm.
Explanation: 2π or 360◦
For the dark band φ
  1
1
λL m +
2
ydark = .
d
For the first and second dark bands m = 0 0
and m = 1, respectively, so
   
λL 1 1
∆y = 1+ − 0+ −1
d 2 2
δ
λL
= λ = 634 nm
d
(5.56 × 10−7 m) (1.55 m) 0◦ 90◦ 180◦ 270◦ 360◦
=
(0.000187 m) φ δ d sin θ d y d y
= 0.00460856 m ≡ = = p ≈
2π λ λ λ L2 + y 2 λ L
= 4.60856 mm .
 docherty (cd23924) – HW13 – Mackie – (20223) 2
 
Double slit interference −7(1.47063)
= (6.34 × 10 m)
the phase angle difference φ 2π
maxima: φ = 2 π , 4 π , 6 , 8 π · · · , = (0.0008 m){0.000185491 rad}
minimum: φ = π , 3 π , 5 , 7 π · · · .
= 1.48393 × 10−7 m
    = 148.393 nm .
2 2 2 φ 2 φ
I ∝ E = 4 E0 cos cos ω t +
2 2
  005 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
φ
I = I0 cos2 , with φ = k δ . (1) Find the minimum positive angular value θ;
2 ı.e., an angle within the central maximum.
Correct answer: 0.0106278 ◦.
I I(φ) Explanation:
Let : = Basic Concept:
I0 I(0)
P
= 55% 6 S2 Q S1 ≈ 90◦
= 0.55

viewing
screen
r1  y

y
Solution: Using Eq. 1, we have −1
an
S1
r2 θ = t L
"r # d
I Q O
φ = 2 arccos S2
I0 δ ≈ d sin θ ≈ r2 − r1
h√ i L
= 2 arccos 0.55
= 2 arccos(0.74162) I
Let : = 0.55
= 2 (0.735314 rad) I0
= 1.47063 rad λ = 634 nm = 6.34 × 10−7 m
= 84.2608 ◦ . L = 6.9 m , and
d = 0.8 mm = 0.0008 m .

004 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points Solution: Using Eq. 1 and

Find the difference in path length for the rays φ δ d sin θ
from the two slits. ≡ = , we have
2π λ λ
Correct answer: 148.393 nm.

λφ
θ = arcsin
Explanation: 2πd
δ φ ( "r #)
Using ≡ , and Eq. 1, we have λ I
λ 2π = arcsin 2 arccos (2)
2πd I0
φ 
(6.34 × 10−7 m)
δ=λ = arcsin
2π
 2 π (0.0008 m)
r  
 I  h√ i
 2 arccos

 

I0  × 2 arccos 0.55
=λ
2π
(6.34 × 10−7 m) (1.47063)

 
  
 
= arcsin
 
2 π (0.0008 m)
= (6.34 × 10−7 m) = arcsin(0.000185491)
( √ )
2 arccos 0.55 = 0.000185491 rad
×
2π = 0.0106278 ◦ .
 docherty (cd23924) – HW13 – Mackie – (20223) 3
y d
Note: Since tan θ = , and using Eqs. 1 h=
L 2
and 2, we have
∆y = 1.81 mm .
y = L tan θ
( "r #)! Solution: If the difference in path length
λ I is δ, the phase difference due to the unequal
= L tan arcsin arccos
πd I0 path lengths is
(6.34 × 10−7 m)
 
= L tan arcsin 2π
2 π (0.0008 m) φpath = k δ = δ. (1)
λ
h√ i
× 2 arccos 0.55
S1 is the source and S2 is its image. P
(6.34 × 10−7 m) (1.47063) 6 S2 Q S1 ≈ 90◦
  
= L tan arcsin d = 2h

viewing
2 π (0.0008 m)

screen
r1  y

y
= L tan(arcsin[0.000185491]) −1
an
S1
r2 θ = t L
= (6.9 m) tan(0.000185491 rad) d
= (6.9 m) tan(0.0106278 ◦ ) Q R δ ≈ d sin θ ≈ r2 − r1
O
S2
= 0.00127989 m L
= 1.27989 mm . This diagram shows the similarity between
the Lloyd’s mirror apparatus and Young’s
006 10.0 points double slit experiment. The difference be-
Interference fringes are produced at point P tween the two experiments is that there is a
on a screen as a result of direct rays from a 180◦ phase change at the reflecting mirror.
517 nm wavelength source and reflected rays δ y
off the Lloyd’s mirror as in the figure. Fringes sin θ = = . (2)
2h L
1.81 mm apart are formed on a screen 3 m
from the source S. In the small angle approximation
P
δ y
θ≈ ≈
2h L
viewing
screen

δ
S h= L, (3)
h 2y
Mirror O where the height of the light source above the
3m d
mirror is h = .
2
Find the vertical distance h of the source So maxima occur at
above the reflecting surface.
Correct answer: 0.428453 mm. 2π
φpath = δ = φ − φref lection
λ
Explanation: = (0, 2 π, 4 π, · · ·) − π
Basic Concepts: Intensity maxima occur
= −π (below O)
when the two waves have a phase difference
π (1st max)
φ = 0, 2 π, 4 π, · · · = φpath + φref lection ,
3 π (2nd max), · · · .
where φref lection = π.
The central minimum (at the bottom of the
mirror) is a dark fringe, since the reflected
Let : L = 3 m light produces a 180◦ phase change.
 docherty (cd23924) – HW13 – Mackie – (20223) 4
Solution: The separation between maximum y (8 L + 4 λ) = λ (4 L + λ)
(or minima) on the screen is given in the
 
λ+ 4L
problem ∆y = 1.81 mm, and the separation y=λ
4 (λ + 2 L)
in path difference is
= (146.383 m)
λ
 
146.383 m + 4 (20800 m)
δ= 2π = λ. ×
2π 4 [146.383 m + 2 (20800 m)]
Solving Eq. (3) for h, we have = 73.0632 m .

mδ
h= L 008 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
2 ∆y
A thin film of cryolite ( nc = 1.26 ) is applied
mλ
= L to a camera lens ( ng = 1.66 ). The coating
2 ∆y is designed to reflect wavelengths at the blue
1 5.17 × 10−7 m end of the spectrum and transmit wavelengths
= (3 m)
2 (0.00181 m) in the near infrared.
= 0.428453 mm , What minimum thickness gives high reflec-
tivity at 524 nm?
where m = 1. Correct answer: 207.937 nm.
Explanation:
007 10.0 points
For camera lens coating of cryolite (nc =
Waves broadcast by a 2048 kHz radio station 1.26) over glass (ng = 1.66), high reflectivity
arrive at a home receiver by two paths. One is is achieved for
a direct path, and the second is from reflection
off an airplane directly above the receiver. 2 nc t1 = m λ1 .
The airplane is approximately 78 m above the
receiver, and the direct distance from station Here we have taken into account that high
to home is 20.8 km. reflectivity is achieved for constructive inter-
What is the height (within 1% error) of the ference. The phase changes at both the “air-
airplane if destructive interference occurrs? cryolite” and the “cryolite-glass” surfaces is
Assume no phase change on reflection. φ = 180◦ (nair = 1 < nc < ng ).
Note: Two phase changes of 180◦ .
Correct answer: 73.0632 m. For minimum thickness m = 1
Explanation: λ1
t1 =
The wavelength of the radio wave is 2 nc
524 nm
c =
λ= = 146.383 m . 2 × 1.26
f = 207.937 nm .
The minimum path difference for destructive
λ
interference must be . 009 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
2
What minimum thickness gives high trans-
λ p mission at 1048 nm?
= y + L2 + y 2 − L , so
2 Correct answer: 207.937 nm.
 2
λ Explanation:
+ (L − y) = L2 + y 2
2 Under the same conditions low reflectivity
λ 2 is achieved for
+ (L − y) λ + L2 − 2 y L + y 2 = L2 + y 2  
4 1
2 nc t = m + λ2 .
λ2 + 4 L λ + L2 − 4 y λ − 8 y L = 0 2
 docherty (cd23924) – HW13 – Mackie – (20223) 5
For minimum thickness m = 0
λ2
t2 =
4 nc
1048 nm
=
4 × 1.26
= 207.937 nm .

010 10.0 points

A possible means for making an airplane in-
visible to radar is to coat the plane with an
anti-reflective polymer. The radar waves have
a wavelength of 2.41 cm and the index of re-
fraction of the polymer is 1.63. What is the
minimum thickness required to make the coat-
ing? Assume that the plane is made of metal,
so electromagnetic waves will have a π phase
change upon reflection from the plane’s sur-
face.
Correct answer: 0.369632 cm.
Explanation:

Let : m = 0 ,
λ = 2.41 cm , and
n = 1.63 .
The condition to minimize reflection is
 
1 λ
2t = m +
2 n
λ 2.41 cm
t= = = 0.369632 cm .
4n 4 (1.63)

011 10.0 points

The light reflected from a soap bubble of index
1.41 appears red (λ = 608 nm) at its center.
What is the minimum thickness?
Correct answer: 107.801 nm.
Explanation:
Basic Concepts: For the constructive in-
terference,
1
2 n d = (m + ) λ, (m = 0, 1, 2, ...).
2
Solution: In the center, m = 0, so
λ 608 nm
d= = = 107.801 nm.
4n 4(1.41)