2.3.9 A college student borrows $8000 to buy a car. The lender charges interest at an annual rate of 10%.

Assuming that interest is compounded continuously and that the borrower makes payments continuously at a constant annual rate k , determine the payment rate k that is required to pay o the loan in 3 years. Also determine how much interest is paid during the 3-year period. Denote the money the student owes at time t (years) since borrowing by y (t ), t 0. The ODE IVP is y = 0.1 y k ,
Haotian Wu (UT Austin)

y (0) = 8000.
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M427K 56095 Discussion

y y /10 = k ,

y (0) = 8000,

The integrating factor is (t ) = e 1/10dt = e t /10 , hence e t /10 y = 10ke t /10 + C , where IV implies C = 8000 10k . So y (t ) = 10k + (8000 10k )e t /10 , t 0. To pay o at t = 3 year, need y (3) = 0. So solving for k and get k $3086.64. The total interest paid is 3086.64 3 8000 = $1259.92.

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2.3.4 A tank with a capacity 500 gal originally contains 200 gal of water with 100 lb of salt in solution. Water containing 1 lb of salt per gallon is entering at a rate of 3 gal/min, and the mixture is allowed to ow out of the tank at a rate of 2 gal/min. Find the amount of salt in the tank at any time before the solution begins to overow. Find the concentration (in lb/gal) of salt in the tank when it is on the point of overowing. What is the limiting concentration if the tank had innite capacity?

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I. Dene the variables. Denote the time after the initial time by t , t 0. Denote the amount of salt in the tank at time t by u (t ), u (0) = 100 lb. Denote the rate at which the solution is owing into (out of) the tank by rin(out ) (t ) gal/min. Denote the concentration of solution owing into (out of) the tank by cin(out ) (t ) lb/gal. Denote the total volume of the solution in the tank at time t by V (t ) gal. Note V (0) = 200 gal, V (t ) = 200 + (3 2)t gal, and overow occurs when V (t ) = 500 gal at t = 300 min.

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II. Write down the ODE IVP. rate of change in amount = rate in - rate out. du (t ) = rin (t )cin (t ) rout (t )cout (t ), dt check: lb gal lb gal lb = min min gal min gal u (0) = 100.

du (t ) u (t ) =312 , dt V (t )

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III. Solve the IVP. du (t ) 2u (t ) =3 , dt 200 + t u + u (0) = 100,

2 u = 3, u (0) = 100, 200 + t The integrating factor is (t ) = e 2/(200+t )dt = (200 + t )2 , so (200 + t )2 u = (200 + t )3 + C , where IV implies C = 4 106 . 4 106 u (t ) = 200 + t + (200 + t )2
Haotian Wu (UT Austin) M427K 56095 Discussion

lb ,

t 300.
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The concentration of the solution at time t is c (t ) = u (t )/V (t ). Overow happens when V = 500 gal, at t = 300 min. The concentration at this moment is c (300) = u (300)/V (300) = 484/500 = 0.968 lb /gal . Assume the tank has innite capacity, then the limiting concentration is
t

lim c (t ) = lim

u (t ) t V (t ) 4106 (200 + t ) + (200+ t )2 = lim t 200 + t = 1 lb /gal .

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Haotian Wu (UT Austin)

2.3.13 The population of mosquitoes in a certain area increases at a rate proportional to the current population, and in the absence of other factors, the population doubles each week. There are 200,000 mosquitoes in the area initially, and predators (birds, bats, and so forth) eat 20,000 mosquitoes/day. Determine the population of mosquitoes in the area at any time.

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I. Dene the variables. Denote the mosquito population at time t (days) when the predators are present by y (t ), t 0, y0 := y (0) = 2 105 . Denote the growth rate of mosquito population by r , r is a positive constant to be determined. Denote the decrease of mosquito population by D , D = 2 104 . II. Write down the ODE IVP. y = ry D , y (0) = 2 105 .

Using the method of integrating factor ( = e rt ), the rt solution is y (t ) = D r + Ce (t 0), where C = y0 D r .

Haotian Wu (UT Austin) M427K 56095 Discussion 01/26/2011 9 / 10

III. Determine r . Denote the mosquito population at time t when the predators are absent by u (t ), t 0. Then u solves the ODE IVP u = ru , u (0) = u0 .

u (t ) = u0 e rt . u doubles each week, so u (7) = 2u (0), so u0 e 7r = 2u0 , so r = ln(2)/7 0.099. So D /r 201997.31, C 1977.31, hence y (t ) = 201997.31 1977.31e 0.099t , t 0. Q: Will the mosquitoes ever be exterminated? If so, at which day does this happen?
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