Circulation

The circulatory system

carries blood and
dissolved substance to
and from different places
in the body.
Our body resembles a
large roadmap, There
are routes or arteries
that take you downtown
to the heart of the city.
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3 Major Parts of the Circulatory
system
Medium blood or haemolymph
- carries important *stuff through
body
Heart pumps or pushes blood through body

Blood Vessels arteries, veins and
capillaries.
- routes blood travels


* Stuff includes oxygen, food, & waste
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whats in
Erythrocytes
(red blood cells)
Leucocytes
(white blood cells)
platelets
plasma
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The Blood
plasma
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelets
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Plasma
A straw-
coloured
liquid that
carries the
cells and the
platelets
which help
blood clot.
carbon dioxide
glucose
amino acids
proteins
minerals
vitamins
hormones
waste materials
like urea.
It also contains useful
things like;
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Erythrocytes

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Erythrocytes
contain haemoglobin, a
molecule specially designed
to hold oxygen and carry it
to cells that need it.
can change shape to an amazing
extent, without breaking, as it
squeezes single file through the
capillaries.
a biconcave disc that is
round and flat without a
nucleus
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Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.
Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.
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Leucocytes
Fight and kill
germs that
may enter your
bloodstream
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Granulocytes Agranulocytes
Leucocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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Erythrocytes Leucocytes
Has biconcave disc
shape
No fixed shape
No nucleus Has a big nucleus
Transporting Oxygen
gases
Fight infection in
various way
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blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b. VEIN
c. CAPILLARY
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lumen
Elastic fibre
Wall
(thick, muscular
and elastic)
Wall
(thin, less muscular
and less elastic)
Arteries Veins
Wall
(one cell thick)
Capillaries
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The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Arteri membawa darah dari jantung
the elastic fibres allow
the artery to stretch
under pressure
Blood pressure is high
Carries blood from heart
to tissues (organ)
Bring oxygenated
blood except
pulmonary artery
Elastic fibre
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The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.
Membawa darah kepada jantung
veins have valves which
act to stop the blood
from going in the wrong
direction.
Blood pressure is very low
Carries blood from
tissues (organ) to the
heart
Bring deoxygenated
blood except
pulmonary vein
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The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
Menghubungkan arteri dan vena
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
Enable the diffusion of
gases, nutrients,
hormones, waste product
between blood and tissue
The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
lumen
endothelium
(one cell thick)
cell
Blood content is mixed
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artery vein
capillaries
body cell
The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
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lungs
head & arms
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
pulmonary artery
aorta
pulmonary vein
main vein
Left Right
How does this system work?
Circulatory System
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Lungs
Body cells
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts
the right side of
the system
deals with
deoxygenated
blood.
the left side of
the system
deals with
oxygenated
blood.
Circulatory System
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The Heart
These are arteries.
They carry blood
away from the heart.
This is a vein. It brings
blood from the body,
except the lungs.
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
blood supply
The heart has four chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
now lets look inside the heart
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The Heart
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary vein
Aorta Pulmonary artery
Vena cava
Bicuspid valve
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How does the Heart work?
blood from the
body
blood from
the lungs
- The heart beat begins when the
atria muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
-Deoxygenated blood (from whole
body) enter the right atrium via vena
cava
- oxygenated blood (from the lung)
enter the left atria via pulmonary
vein.
STEP ONE
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- The atria then contract
and the valves open to
allow blood into the
ventricles.
- Blood in RA go through
tricuspid valve to enter
RV
- Blood in LA go through
bicuspid valve to enter
LV.
How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO
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How does the Heart work?
- When the ventricles contract,
the tricuspid and bicuspid
valve will close and semilunar
valves is forced to open.
- At the same time, blood is
pushed into pulmonary artery
and aorta.
- At the same time, the atria
are relaxing and once again
filling with blood.
- What happen when the
ventricles relax?
The cycle then repeats itself.
STEP THREE
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Lub
If you listen to
your heartbeat,
it makes a lub
dub sound.
The lub is when blood
is pushed out of the
heart into the body
and the dub is the
reloading of the heart
with more blood ready
to push it out to the
body
Dub
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The pumping of heart
Cardiac muscle is myogenic, which means
can contract and relax without the impulse
from nervous system.
The pumping of heart coordinated by a
pacemaker
The primary pacemaker is known as SA node
which located at upper wall of right atrium
The impulse from SA node will cause the
atria to contract before the impulse reach the
AV nodes which located at the bottom wall of
right atrium.
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From AV node, the impulses spread to
bunle of His, bundle branches and
Purkinje fibres which cause the ventricles
to contract.
The pacemaker is regulated by:
Parasimpathetic nerve: slow down the heart
beat
Sympathetic nerve: speed up the heart beat.
Adrenaline hormone: speed up the heart beat
during fear/excitement
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1.7 contraction of skeletal muscle
around the veins
Blood pressure in veins is lower compared
to artery.
Therefore, the flows of blood back to heart
are helped by
When the skeletal muscles contract, the
veins will constrict and the blood push
along the veins in one direction due to the
presence of valve in vein.
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SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery
are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins
carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The
_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the
blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect
the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
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SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery
are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins
carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The
_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the
blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect
the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
away
platelets
towards
capillaries
plasma
oxygen
muscular
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