1

Active with

Special focus on South Africa

AFRICA

www.oecd.org/africa

SUPPORTING THE CONTINENT OF OPPORTUNITIES

Angel Gurra, OECD Secretary-General

Africa is beginning to realise more and more its great economic and social potential. Several African countries have been growing faster than OECD countries in the past few years. With an emerging middle class, a new generation of innovative entrepreneurs, increasing school enrolment and significant advancement in the use of information and telecommunications technologies (ICT), Africa is beginning to reap the benefits of deeper integration into the world economy. The challenge for policy makers in Africa is to ensure that growth is not only strong, but also inclusive. Having achieved remarkable progress on macroeconomic management, they now must press on with structural reforms to boost productivity growth, job creation and social cohesion. With almost 200 million people aged between 15 and 24, Africa has the youngest population in the world. This number is expected to double by 2045. Many jobs have been created over the last decade, but many more will need to be created in the coming years to make it possible for young Africans to have an occupation that gives them real opportunities and the prospects for a better life. The quality of jobs will also need further improvement.

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Making growth more inclusive is indeed possible. Botswanas development, for example, demonstrates that the countrys mineral wealth can be used in a beneficial and transparent way. Mauritius has improved both access to and the quality of higher education. Learning from those and other examples of success requires effective knowledge partnerships. That is where the OECD can help. Our Strategy on Development provides innovative tools to foster dialogue and forge new ideas, supporting our African partners to meet the challenge of inclusive and sustainable economic development. This Strategy places particular emphasis on mutual learning. The OECD has also greatly benefited from the policy perspectives of its Key Partner, South Africa, which has been indispensable as an initiator, supporter and facilitator of our work in Africa. The OECD has formed partnerships with African and other organisations to promote social and economic progress and policy dialogue. Working with our partners, we are supporting African governments reform agendas to strengthen democratic governance and resource mobilisation, improve the investment climate, and promote sustainable economic growth and employment. To do so, we help develop investment policy frameworks, growth-enhancing structural policies, and the formation of skills and capacities. We are addressing a broad range of issues, such as the promotion of food security, trade, investment, competition, tax collection, employment and gender equality, as well as the improvement of public and corporate governance, public debt management, business integrity, science, technology, innovation and education. The OECD takes pride in its contributions to Africas growing prosperity and well-being. We will continue to put our expertise at the service of Africa in order to accelerate the continents development and thus foster better policies for better lives. Angel Gurra OECD Secretary-General

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Table of Contents
FORMAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH AFRICA
Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC) 5 African Economic Outlook (AEO) 8 Africa Partnership Forum (APF) 11 Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initiative (CABRI) 13 NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative 14 OECD Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Southern Africa 21 African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF) 22 OECD/AfDB Initiative to Support Business Integrity and Anti-Bribery Efforts in Africa 24 Centre for African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets 27 African Competition Forum (ACF) 29

OTHER FORMS OF CO-OPERATION

OECD Strategy on Development Economics and Growth Tourism Trade Agriculture Environment Energy Education Science and Innovation Employment and Social Affairs Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment Migration Health Systems Public Governance and Regional Development Road Safety Better Life Initiative: Measuring Well-Being and Progress 39 40 44 45 47 48 52 54 56 61 62 64 67 68 69 70

DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION
Aid Statistics Statistical Capacity Building Key Development Issues The Post 2015 Agenda and Framework Global Network of Foundations Working for Development (netFWD) 30 34 35 37 38

AnneXes
Participation in OECD Regional Partnerships and Programmes with Africa Participation in OECD Bodies OECD iLibrary 72 75 77

Acronyms
ACF AEO AfDB APF APRM ATAF AU CABRI CILSS DBSA
African Competition Forum African Economic Outlook African Development Bank Africa Partnership Forum African Peer Review Mechanism African Tax Administration Forum African Union Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initiative Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel Development Bank of South Africa

ECOWAS ICA MDGs NEPAD OECD/DAC OECD/SWAC SADC SARS UEMOA UNECA UN-OSAA

Economic Community of West African States Infrastructure Consortium for Africa Millennium Development Goals New Partnership for Africas Development OECD Development Assistance Committee OECD Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat Southern African Development Community South African Revenue Service West African Economic and Monetary Union UN Economic Commission for Africa UN Office of the Special Adviser on Africa

Feedback? Questionswww.oecd.org/africa ? GRS.contact @ oecd.org

www.oecd.org/africa

FORMAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH AFRICA

Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC)
SWAC is a group of West African regional organisations, countries and international organisations that work together towards the development and integration of the West African region. SWAC is the oldest initiative of solidarity and partnership between the OECD and Africa. It was founded by OECD Members in 1976 to raise international support for and awareness of the drought crises in the Sahel. Its geographic coverage was extended in 2001 to encompass all West African countries. In 2011, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) and the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) joined the Club as full Members. The Club observes the regions socio-economic, political and environmental trends, conducts prospective analyses and promotes dialogue. Policy priority work areas in 2011-2012 focused on food security as well as security and development issues. The 2013-14 programme will continue to support the strengthening of regional governance, food and nutritional security, and helps improve regional tools for policy management in this area. This will be complimented with figures and trends within the OECD West African Studies series, the SWAC online resource centre West Africa Gateway, weekly NewsBriefs, social networks, etc.

www.oecd.org/swac www.westafricagateway.org 5

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Club Food Security
SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA

Secretariat

Food security goes beyond agricultural policies, so regional organisations need to design policies that pay more attention to other sectors with an impact on food security (infrastructure, urban planning, population policies, etc.). Moreover, settlement dynamics have profoundly reshaped the social and economic geography of West Africa over the past 60 years. As the West African population is projected to double by 2050, the transformations of agricultural production systems will be profound. The SWACs West African Futures (WAF) programme: Settlement, Market and Food Security analyses how spatial, economic and social consequences of settlement and market dynamics impact on food security. Data is available within the Statistical Mapping and Analytical Regional Tool (SMART). www.oecd.org/swac/waf
SWAC 2012 www.oecd.org/swac

SWAC works closely with West African regional actors to strengthen West African leadership and establish regional response mechanisms aimed at improving food crisis prevention and management: information-sharing and policy dialogue within the Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA). The creation of a regional food reserve was officially endorsed in 2012 by the ECOWAS member countries. SWAC participates in the ECOWAS Task Force charged with the implementation of the regional strategy of food security stocks. More particularly, it supports the application of the Charter for Food Crisis Prevention and Management, approved by ECOWAS member countries, Chad and Mauritania. www.oecd.org/swac/topics/charter.htm SWAC is playing a facilitator role in the Global Alliance for Resilience Initiative Sahel-West Africa (AGIR) launched in December 2012. The initiative aims to promote greater resilience among vulnerable populations by creating greater synergy between emergency actions and long-term strategies aimed at addressing the root causes of food crises. www.oecd.org/swac/topics/agir.htm

www.oecd.org/swac/foodsecurity
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Security and Development Issues SWAC also promotes dialogue on security. In 2012, some fifty security and development experts, including a large delegation from Mali, gathered at the SWAC Colloquium at the OECD Headquarters, to discuss West Africas major security challenges. A paper on lessons from this Colloquium highlights links between local insecurities and global threats, the collusion between terrorism and transnational organised crime, the shortcomings of democracy in the region, and the role of West African and African peace and security mechanisms. www.oecd.org/swac/events/securitycolloquium.htm
Global Security Risks and West Africa: Development Challenges ISBN 9789264110663 Conict over Resources and Terrorism: Two Facets of Insecurity ISBN 9789264190276

The reflection on security issues is deepened in the SWAC publications: Global Security Risks and West Africa: Development Challenges, Conflict over Resources and Terrorism: Two Facets of Insecurity and Human Security Trends in West Africa (forthcoming).

www.oecd.org/swac/topics/securityanddevelopment.htm 7

8 African Economic OutlooK (AEO)

The AEO is published annually, in partnership with the African Development Bank (AfDB), the OECD Development Centre, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), with additional financial support from the European Union and the Committee of African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP). The Outlook uses comparative data and analysis on Africas economic, political and social trends, includes original macro-economic forecasts and helps identify successful policies. In addition it includes in-depth profiles of 53 countries in Africa. The focus of AEO 2012 is the promotion of youth employment in Africa. It presents a comprehensive review of both challenges and opportunities Africa faces in providing its young population with sufficient and decent jobs. The 2013 edition will analyse the patterns and underlying drivers of structural change in Africa, and place a special emphasis on the role of natural resources and economic diversification in this process.

African Economic Outlook 2012: Promoting Youth Employment (English, French, Portuguese) ISBN 9789264176096

Its full content is available freely at:

www.africaneconomicoutlook.org
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

African economies have been growing at a remarkable rate over the last decade. Between 2001 and 2010, six of the worlds ten fastestgrowing economies were in sub-Saharan Africa. Even in the wake of the crisis, Africa has been growing at 5% every year, almost twice the global rate (2.7%). Despite the slowdown in North African countries following the 2011 Arab spring, growth across the continent is expected to reach 4.8% in 2013, and 5.4% for sub-Saharan economies alone. Africas Economic Growth (%)
8 7 6 Growth Rate (%) 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2003
Africa

2005

2007
Sub-Saharan Africa

2009

2011(e)
North Africa

2013(p)

Source: African Economic Outlook

However, in many countries growth has not translated into sufficient jobs and a significant improvement of the quality of life. Sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest aggregate level of human development in 2011, though posting the second fastest annual increase over the period 2000-11. In spite of recent progress in poverty reduction, the current pace is too slow for the continent to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Extreme poverty is expected to affect nearly 36% of the African population (excluding North Africa) in 2015, against the previous forecast of 38% (UN, 2011).

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International Economic Forum on Africa The International Economic Forum on Africa is the annual meeting of European and African policy makers, economists and academics based in Europe and working on and with Africa. It is organised by the OECD Development Centre, the AfDB, UNDP, UNECA and the French Government. It has become the most important annual event on Africa in Europe, convening business people, development co-operation professionals, researchers, civil society, students and journalists to engage with a panel of experts discussing the findings of the African Economic Outlook. The subject of the 2012 Forum was: Promoting Youth Employment: Making the Most of Africas Human Resources & Natural Wealth. It was held at the OECD Conference Centre in Paris. The 2013 Forum will focus on Natural Resources & Structural Transformation in Africa.
Olusegun Obasanjo Former President, Federal Republic of Nigeria at the 2012 International Forum on Africa.

Former Nigerian President Obasanjo, who attended the Forum in 2012, has become an honorary member of the Global Network of Foundations Working for Development (see section on netFWD).

www.oecd.org/site/devfap12
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Africa Partnership Forum (APF)

The APF was established following the Evian G8 Summit as a way of broadening the existing dialogue between the G8 and NEPAD to include other African institutions and Africas major bilateral and multilateral development partners. Its objective is to catalyse and support action on both sides of the partnership in support of Africas development. It has a dual role, both in making recommendations to leaders on decisions which need to be taken in key regional and global processes, and in monitoring the delivery of commitments by both sides of the partnership. The APF meets twice a year, one meeting focusing on the main political issues, the second on monitoring and evaluation of commitments. It is co-chaired by two African countries (currently Benin and Ethiopia), and two development partners (currently the US and Belgium). Meetings in 2011 and 2012 have focused on private sector investment, infrastructure, energy, and illicit financial flows. The effectiveness and future of the Forum will be considered in an independent external evaluation in the first half of 2013, as it approaches its 10th anniversary. The OECD participates in the APF together with other organisations such as the IMF, World Bank, UNDP, UNECA and WTO. It also hosts a Support Unit that provides substantive policy inputs, and produces an annual joint report with UNECA.

www.oecd.org/site/africapartnershipforum 11

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The 2012 Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa covers four broad policy areas: sustainable economic growth, investment in people, good governance, and financing for development. Within these areas it looks at 18 individual topics, ranging from trade and agriculture, to education and health, political and economic governance, domestic resource mobilisation and official development assistance.

I have this faith in Africas ability to confront and deal with its challenges. The continent continues to show its ability to adjust to new realities and remain focused on development. It is this positive process that we in ECA in close partnership with OECD are accompanying. We believe, eventually, Africa will be transformed into what we all aspire it to be: a continent that governs itself better; utilizes its resources for the benet of its people; a continent whose growth has a positive impact on its population. It is this belief which fuels my enthusiasm, condence and optimism in the future of Africa.
Abdoulie Janneh, UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)

The UNECA-OECD 2012 Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa: Promise & Performance is intended to provide a focused and accessible set of answers to four questions:
What are the main commitments which have been made by Africa and its development partners? Have these been delivered? What have the results been? What are now the key future policy priorities?

THE MUTUAL REVIEW of Development Effectiveness in Africa: Promise & Performance

2012 Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa

The report can be found at: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa www.uneca.org Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development www.oecd.org www.mrde-africa.org If you require more information about the MRDE please contact: Francis Ikome fikome@uneca.org or Lynn Kirk lynn.kirk@oecd.org

A joint report by: the Economic Commission for Africa and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

UNECA-OECD

2012
10-May-2012 11:47:54 AM

MRDE2012 COUV.indd 1

The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa: Promise & Performance (English, French)

www.mrde-africa.org
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

COLLABORATIVE AFRICA BUDGET REFORM INITIATIVE (CABRI)

The OECDs Working Party of Senior Budget Officials (SBO) is recognised as the worlds leading forum on international budgeting issues. Inspired by the SBO, CABRI was launched in 2004. The OECD co-operated closely with the South African National Treasury in establishing CABRI and has been closely associated with it ever since. CABRI brings together the budget directors and other senior budget officials from 24 African countries annually to share experiences and draw inspiration from each other in order to improve budgeting systems. CABRI seeks to improve the efficacy of public finance management in Africa. Its objectives are, first, to bolster the capacity of senior budget officials to take an active role in planning and managing reforms and, second, to expand the existing knowledge of both successful and unsuccessful reform initiatives. Most recently, the OECD and CABRI jointly extended the OECD Budget Practices and Procedures Survey to Africa. This provided comparable information for 24 African countries on budget formulation, legislative approval, budget implementation, and audit. These data have been analysed in co-operation with the AfDB.

www.cabri-sbo.org www.oecd.org/gov/budget/database 13

14 NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative

The NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative is a vehicle for co-operation between African countries and the worlds major investing countries. It is cochaired by South Africa and Japan and builds on a partnership between the OECD Investment Committee and NEPAD. The Initiative has also involved close co-operation with international organisations including the AfDB, AU, UNECA, the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA), the UN Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA), the UN Special Rapporteur for the Right to Food and the World Bank. The Initiatives sixth Ministerial Meeting is expected to take place in late 2013. Moreover, the Government of Japan has asked the Initiative to contribute to the organisation of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD V), in Yokohama on 1-3 June 2013.

Since 2002, NEPAD and the OECD have been engaged in a partnership to support African development. We have collaborated in the implementation of the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative which is working to improve the investment climate, particularly for the agriculture and infrastructure sectors; the Initiative has provided support for the reform of investment regimes in four African countries using the OECDs Policy Framework for Investment.
Dr Ibrahim Mayaki, Chief Executive Ofcer of the NEPAD Agency

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www.oecd.org/africa

Policy Framework for Investment (PFI): Investment Policy Reviews (IPRs) and Regional Investment Framework The OECD PFI is the most comprehensive and systematic approach for improving investment conditions ever developed. It covers 10 policy areas and addresses some 82 questions to governments to help them design and implement policy reform to create a truly attractive, robust and competitive environment for domestic and foreign investment. www.oecd.org/investment/pfitoolkit The OECDs Investment Policy Reviews (IPRs) include overviews of investment trends and analyse the policies of the countries reviewed. This can include investment promotion and facilitation, OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Cadre d'action pour l'investissement Zambia 2012 agricole au Burkina Faso infrastructure, competition policy, trade policy, tax policy, corporate ISBN 9789264169043 ISBN 9789264169081 governance, responsible business conduct, public governance, and human resources. The Zambia IPR was completed in 2011, and the Reviews of Tanzania, Mozambique, Botswana and Mauritius should be finalised by early 2013. In 2012, the IPR of Nigeria was launched, in view of improving investment policy coherence and implementation both at federal and state levels. The Nigeria review process will therefore include a special component on investment for local purposes, which will apply the PFI to Lagos State. www.oecd.org/daf/investment/countryreviews Burkina Faso's Ministry of Agriculture developed a new investment framework for agriculture, with the support of the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative and SWAC, based on the Policy Framework for Investment in Agriculture (PFIA).

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The NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative has developed regional partnerships and involves co-operation with the 14 Member States of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) on the elaboration of a Regional Investment Policy Framework (IPF). Taking the OECD PFI as a reference, the project aims to improve and co-ordinate investment policy design and implementation across the SADC region. It will draw on peer learning and experience-sharing among SADC countries. In a first phase and in close collaboration with SADC Member States, the project will work towards regional guidelines for investment policy (with a particular focus on national treatment and international investment agreements). In a second phase, work on the Regional IPF will address investment promotion and facilitation (with a possible emphasis on investment incentives).

"The SADC Secretariat is pleased to partner with the OECD in guiding investment policy co-ordination and reform in the region. SADC Member States have identied the OECD Policy Framework for Investment as a reference for developing the SADC Regional Investment Policy Framework. This joint work will build on the Investment Policy Reviews undertaken by the NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative in 5 SADC Member States so far, for which the SADC Secretariat was an ofcial partner. The resulting Regional Framework will serve to promote additional reforms in a region whose growth path is similar to those of many emerging economies. The Framework aims to facilitate co-ordinated investment policy improvement across SADC, so as to increase the competitiveness of the region as a whole for attracting investment."
Dr Tomaz A. Salomo, Executive Secretary of the Southern African Development Community (SADC)

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www.oecd.org/africa

The Initiative has equally taken the lead in adapting and targeting several OECD investment instruments, such as the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to the African context. South Africa contributed to the revision of this instrument, as well as to discussions on international investment agreements and arbitration hosted by the OECD Investment Committee. The OECD is also preparing an OECD Working Paper on International Investment, covering the South African authorities selfassessment against OECD investment instruments. These legal instruments, aimed at responsible, non-discriminatory investment policies, spearhead efforts to develop international rules relating to capital movements, international investment and trade in services.

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Investment in Infrastructure The NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative has helped African and international partners to promote policies that improve the investment climate in Africa in concrete ways. Annual expert roundtables have focused on ways to maximise investment in Africas infrastructure sectors: water and sanitation (2007 in Lusaka), transport (2008 in Kampala), energy (2009 in Johannesburg) and agriculture (2011 in Dakar). To further assist host governments in leveraging the different forms of finance available for infrastructure investment, the Initiative has also partnered with the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) under the Aid for Investment in Africa's Infrastructure project. The first output of this project is a report on Mapping Support for Africa's Infrastructure Investment, which presents an overview of support by development partners as well as financial instruments that are promoting private investment for Africas infrastructure. In addition, the OECD has designed several targeted policy tools to help policy makers in the development of national infrastructure. These include the OECD Principles for Private Participation in Infrastructure (which have since been specifically adapted to the water sector), and most recently the Policy Guidance for Investment in Clean Energy Infrastructure. Building on these country assessments and policy tools, in 2012 the Initiative launched a training and advisory programme on PublicPrivate Partnerships (PPPs) in Zambia, with a focus on the roads sub-sector. The programme, which gathered government stakeholders for a one-week workshop, was undertaken in partnership with the AfDB, the law firm Allen & Overy, the SADC Development Finance Resource Centre (DFRC), and the South African Treasurys PPP Unit.

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

There is strong demand for conducting similar PPP programmes in other African countries that have undertaken IPRs. Tanzania and Mozambique have recently expressed interest, with a possible focus on the energy sub-sector. In this light, a partnership is being formed with the SADC PPP Network to carry out the programme at regional level. Other contributors to these trainings are expected to include the OECD Southern African SOE Network and the Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA). The Initiative works closely with the Southern African SOE Network, notably to investigate the role that State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play in Africas infrastructure development.

Mapping Support for Africa's Infrastructure Investment

Mapping Support for Africas Infrastructure Investment

OECD Principles for Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure (English, French) ISBN 9789264034105

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Economic Diversification Economic diversification holds great potential to increase Africas resilience and could contribute to achieving and sustaining long term economic growth and development in the continent. Broadlybased economies, active in a wide range of sectors, and firmly integrated into their regions, are better able to generate robust growth and sustainable growth. Jointly with the UN-OSAA the NEPADOECD Africa Investment Initiative published the report Economic Diversification in Africa: A Review of Selected Countries. This study analyses the economies of selected African countries and their diversification profiles and strategies. The five case studies of Angola, Benin, Kenya, South Africa, and Tunisia, provide a detailed view on the state of economic diversification in the continent. From these experiences, policy recommendations are drawn for African governments, regional institutions and the international community.
Economic Diversication in Africa: A Review of Selected Countries ISBN 9789264038059

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

OECD NETWORK ON CORPORTATE GOVERNANCE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOEs) IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises

nes on Corporate Governance ed Enterprise

s on the Corporate Governance of State-owned ernationally agreed benchmark to help governments way they exercise their ownership functions in state build on a wealth of concrete experience from a large -OECD countries around the world and offer concrete rnance challenges that need to be addressed when the r.

ce of state-owned enterprises is becoming a reform Improved efficiency and better transparency in the state considerable economic gains especially in countries mportant. In addition, creating a level-playing field for nterprises to compete will encourage a sound and or. The Guidelines thus provide a tool for national and prove corporate governance of state owned enterprises.

mation concerning the OECD Guidelines on the Corporate ed Enterprises, please contact the Corporate Affairs corporate.affairs@oecd.org. For more information for of privatisation and corporate governance of stateidelines, visit: orate-affairs/soe/ orate-affairs/soe/.

Corporate governance in Africa is one of the four pillars of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) alongside Democracy and political governance, Economic governance and management and Socio-economic development. In establishing the APRM, the AU endorsed the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance as a relevant self-assessment benchmark. The Principles have also been used as an inspiration for corporate governance codes in some African countries, including Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. In 2008, the OECD established a Southern African regional Network on SOE Governance bringing together 15 African economies to support SOE corporate governance reforms through policy dialogue among representatives of African and OECD countries. Discussions are based on the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises.

www.oecd.org

The OECD will support the development of a set of regional Guidelines on the Corporate Governance of SOEs in the Southern Africa region. The Guidelines will be developed by a regional Taskforce and are expected to cover a number of priority areas, including ownership arrangements, board nomination, appointment and remuneration, as well as transparency and accountability of SOEs. The OECD also collaborates closely with other regional and international institutions working to develop better corporate governance in both the private sector and SOEs, including the Global Corporate Governance Forum, the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation, NEPAD, SADC Development, Finance, Resource Centre (DFRC), DBSA and the AfDB.

OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises (English, French) ISBN 9264009426

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www.oecd.org/daf/corporateaffairs/soe/africa

22 AFRICAN TAX ADMINISTRATION FORUM (ATAF)

The ATAF is a platform to promote and facilitate co-operation among African tax administrations (and other relevant and interested stakeholders) with the aim of improving the efficacy of their tax legislation and administrations. Having worked with African tax administrations since the early 2000s, the OECD concluded in 2012 an agreement with ATAF to enhance its co-operation, making it the first organisation to do so. Through its Committee on Fiscal Affairs (CFA) and the Tax and Development programme of the CFA and Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the OECD is working closely with ATAF to help develop and deliver its agenda.

Since the inauguration of ATAF, the invaluable support and commitment of the OECD has helped ATAF achieve many successes in its quest to promote economic growth through developing tax administrations on the African continent. In a short space of time, our two organisations have developed a special relationship that has continued to contribute signicantly to the sharing of knowledge and the development of technical skills for African revenue administrators. The Memorandum of Co-operation between the OECD and ATAF is a natural extension of this continued partnership.
Logan Wort, Executive Secretary of ATAF

www.ataftax.net
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www.oecd.org/africa

OECD Task Force on Tax and Development Domestic resource mobilisation through taxation is critical for African countries to be able to raise the revenue needed to achieve the MDGs. The OECD Task Force on Tax and Development, a multistakeholder advisory group, supports the OECDs tax capacity building effort in Africa. This includes initiatives focusing on tax and state-building, transfer pricing and increasing the transparency of financial reporting by multinational enterprises. Working closely with South Africa, the OECD has provided active support to the G20 pillar on domestic resource mobilisation. In addition, the Task Force supports the work of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes to ensure that African countries benefit from a more transparent global tax environment. Two-year pilot projects aimed at providing in-depth technical assistance to Ghana and Kenya to help them implement the international standards were launched in 2011, in co-operation with the World Bank Group, with support from the UKs Department for International Development. Responding to a call from the G20 and some of its members, the Global Forum is developing a secure Co-ordination Platform as a tool to enhance co-ordination between providers of technical assistance in the field of tax transparency and information exchange. ATAF is an observer to the Global Forum and other African regional organisations have been invited to become observers as well.

Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes Peer Reviews: South Africa 2012: Combined: Phase 1 + Phase 2 ISBN 9789264182134

www.oecd.org/tax/globalrelations www.oecd.org/tax/transparency 23

24 OECD/AfDB INITIATIVE TO SUPPORT BUSINESS INTEGRITY AND ANTI-BRIBERY EFFORTS IN AFRICA

This joint Initiative with the AfDB supports governments in their efforts to fight bribery and corruption and aims to boost private sector competitiveness by promoting standards of corporate integrity and accountability. Working in partnership with other international and regional organisations, as well as with key stakeholders in the region, the Initiative aims at supporting the AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption, the UN Convention Against Corruption and the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. It was launched in 2011 with the adoption of the Anti-Bribery and Business Integrity Course of Action at the Initiatives first regional experts meeting in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Course of Action sets out specific steps that African countries will undertake and will serve as the basis for future work. These steps are based on recommendations made after the completion of a two-year Stocktaking Report of Business Integrity and Anti-Bribery Legislation, Policies and Practices in Twenty African Countries. The report concludes with a set of recommendations for supporting countries' business integrity and anti-bribery efforts, and strengthening their existing frameworks and practices.

Stocktaking of Business Integrity and Anti-Bribery Legislation, Policies and Practices in Twenty African Countries (English, French) ISBN 9789264169524

www.oecd.org/corruption/africa
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Business Integrity in the Extractive Sector Minerals extracted, traded and handled in conflict-affected and high-risk areas are associated with financing parties to the conflict, corruption, financial crime, fraudulent misrepresentation of country of origin and chain of custody, tax evasion and violations of human rights, labour rights and international humanitarian law.The OECD Pilot Project in the Mining and Minerals Sector is carried out through a multi-stakeholder OECD-hosted working group that includes OECD and African countries, international organisations, regional organisations, metal traders and suppliers, and experts. The OECD-UN Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from ConflictAffected and High-Risk Areas provides management recommendations for responsible global supply chains of minerals to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral or metal purchasing decisions and practices. With the OECD Guidance in place, momentum is building in the region towards increased regulation of the mining sector. In Central Africa today, robust measures are being taken by host governments (e.g. the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda) and OECD governments (e.g. US Dodd-Frank Act, section 1502; EU Directives being developed). These initiatives provide an unprecedented opportunity to sever the link between conflict and minerals.

OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (English, French) ISBN 9789264185012

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OECD Anti-Bribery Convention The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (OECD Anti-Bribery Convention) has captured worldwide attention as the only global instrument focused on fighting the supply side of bribery in cross-border business deals. There are currently 40 State Parties to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention (34 OECD member countries and six partner economies). South Africa ratified the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 2007. It is the first African country to do so. The country will undergo the third evaluation of its implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 2013.

CONVENTION ON COMBATING BRIBERY OF FOREIGN PUBLIC OFFICIALS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

and Related Documents

Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Ofcials in International Business Transactions (English, French)

www.oecd.org/daf/briberyininternationalbusiness
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

CENTRE FOR AFRICAN PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT AND BOND MARKETS

The OECD Forum on African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets is an annual forum that addresses strategic policy issues in the area of public debt management, shares experience on OECD best practices and specific bond market development issues of particular relevance to Africa. A Memorandum of Understanding, signed by the OECD Secretary-General and South Africas Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan in 2011, established a partnership between the National Treasury of South Africa and the OECD to jointly support the Centre for African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets. This Centre is located at the DBSA in Midrand. The Centres main mission is to support policy dialogue amongst public debt managers, market participants and other public officials, to collect and disseminate data and other information on government debt and bond markets in Africa and to support capacity-building activities. The annual meetings of the Forum on African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets are held at the Centre.

50th Anniversary OECD FORUM 2011 Signing Ceremony with South Africa OECD Headquarters, Paris France

"With the most advanced nancial market on the African continent, we look forward to partnering with the OECD in facilitating and building capacity of our neighbours in the region"
Pravin Gordhan, South African Finance Minister

27

28
As part of a G8/G20 action plan for developing bond markets in emerging markets, the OECD has also launched a database of African central government debt, using OECD methodology to produce reliable statistical data that can lead to comparative analysis and policy recommendations.

African Central Government Debt 2012: Statistical Yearbook ISBN 9789264090699

www.oecd.org/daf/pdm/africa www.publicdebtnet.org
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

AFRICAN COMPETITION FORUM (ACF)

The OECD is one of the international organisations participating in the ACF, together with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), CUTS International (Consumer Unity & Trust Society), World Bank, EU and SADC. The ACF was launched in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2011. Its principal objective is to promote the adoption of competition principles in the implementation of national and regional economic policies of African countries. Fighting bid rigging is a priority project for the ACF. Bid rigging in public procurement has serious adverse effects on the economy and wastes large amounts of public expenditure by raising the price of goods and services purchased by governments.
For further information about the Guidelines for Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement, please contact:
Ken Danger Competition Division OECD 2, Rue Andr Pascal 75016 Paris France Tel: +33 1 45 24 82 50 Fax: +33 1 45 24 96 95 Ken.DANGER@oecd.org Antonio Capobianco Competition Division OECD 2, Rue Andr Pascal 75016 Paris France Tel: +33 1 45 24 98 08 Fax: +33 1 45 24 96 95 Antonio.CAPOBIANCO@oecd.org

GUIDELINES FOR FIGHTING BID RIGGING IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

Helping governments to obtain best value for money

www.oecd.org/competition

COMPETITION THE KEY TO PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH

Guidelines for Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement (English, French)

The OECD has worked with the South African Competition Commission to develop a successful anti-bid rigging programme which has already provided support to over 250 senior procurement officials across the government and SOEs. A certification of compliance was launched together with the National Treasury, in line with best practices set out in the OECD Guidelines for Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement. Furthermore, the South African Public Administration Leadership and Management Academy and the OECD developed a training module on bid rigging, as part of a national training programme for public procurement officials.

The OECD has also developed a Competition Assessment Toolkit, which helps governments eliminate barriers to competition by providing a method for identifying unnecessary restraints on market activities and for developing alternative, less restrictive measures that still achieve government policy objectives. www.oecd.org/competition/toolkit

29

www.oecd.org/competition/bidrigging

30

DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION
Aid Statistics
The Development Co-operation Report is the key annual reference document for statistics and analysis on trends in international aid. The 2012 Report features some recent good practice examples and experience from African countries in promoting Green Growth, governing natural resources and tackling energy and water access issues. The central theme of the report is focused on lessons in linking sustainability and development. A Policy Guidance for the development community on promoting Green Growth and poverty reduction is also in the process of finalisation. The Guidance specifically looks at how development co-operation could support developing countries with pro-poor Green Growth through innovation, good governance, natural capital management and domestic policy coherence for development.

FRAGILE STATES 2013:

Resource flows and trends in a shifting world

DAC INTERNATIONAL NETWORK ON CONFLICT AND FRAGILITY

Development Co-operation Report 2012 Lessons in Linking Sustainability and Development (English, French) ISBN 9789264179202

Fragile States 2013: Resource Flows and Trends in a Shifting World

The report Fragile States 2013: Resource Flows and Trends in a Shifting World takes stock of i) the evolution of fragility as a concept, ii) analyses financial flows to and within fragile states between 2000 and 2010, and iii) identifies trends and issues that are likely to shape fragility in the years to come.

www.oecd.org/dac/aidstatistics
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Africa

Top 10 ODA receipts by recipient USD million, net disbursements in 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Congo, Dem. Rep. Ethiopia Kenya Tanzania Mozambique Ghana Nigeria Uganda Cote d'Ivoire Rwanda Other recipients Total 5 522 3 563 2 474 2 445 2 047 1 815 1 813 1 580 1 437 1 278 27 286 51 261 11% 7% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 53% 100% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Top 10 ODA donors USD million, net disbursements in 2011 United States EU institutions IDA France United Kingdom Germany AfDB Japan Canada Global Fund Other donors Total 9 423 5 475 4 739 4 641 3 409 2 575 2 272 1 708 1 545 1 534 13 939 51 261 18% 11% 9% 9% 7% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3% 27% 100%

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Sectors in 2011 Commitments

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

n Social 40% n Economic 14% n Humanitarian 11% n Production 10% n Multisector 8% n General Programme Aid 8% n Debt 7% n Others 1%

ODA by income group USD million, 2011, net disbursements

5 039 3 565 n Least Developed Countries n Other Low Income 7 966 30 412 n Lower Middle Income n Upper Middle Income n Unspecified 4 279

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

The OECD/DAC annually collects, analyses and publishes data on aid and other resource flows (trade, foreign direct investment, remittances, illicit flows, peacekeeping expenditures) in countries affected by conflict, more than half of which are in sub-Saharan Africa.
External financial flows to Africa 80 70 USD billions 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2011 (e) 2012 (f) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0.11 0.105 0.1 0.095 0.09 0.085 0.08 0.075 0.07 0.065 0.06 0.055 0.05

FDI

ODA

Remittances

Total external flows (right axis, % of GDP)

e: estimates, p: projections Source: UNCTAD, OECD/DAC and World Bank. GDP forecast for 2012 from IMF World Economic Outlook

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) overtook Official Development Assistance (ODA) in 2005, but has yet to recover to its peak value of 2008. The OECD has tracked aid for environmental purposes for over two decades. Since 2000, it has done so for aid targeted to the three Rio Conventions on biodiversity, desertification and climate change. These data are publicly available and can be sorted by recipient region and country revealing how much aid flows to Africa in each of these three areas. www.oecd.org/dac/stats/rioconventions

33

% GDP

34 Statistical Capacity Building

The OECD hosts the Secretariat of the Partnership in Statistics for Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21), which supports African countries in the development of their statistical capacity. Its assistance is centred on helping countries to design, implement and monitor National Strategies for the Development of Statistics (NSDS). Activities include methodological guidance on NSDS processes, advocacy and facilitation of coordination with national and international partners. PARIS21 also provides support for the mainstreaming of statistics into high level policy discussions (e.g. integrating statistical development into national development policies) and conducts annual surveys of technical and financial support to statistics in all developing countries through the Partner Report on Support to Statistics (PRESS). PARIS21 also implements the Accelerated Data Program with the World Bank, which has been instrumental in making survey microdata accessible to the users in more than 25 African countries.

www.paris21.org
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Key Development Issues

The OECD/DAC is engaged in policy analysis and dialogue on key development issues. Some specific examples include:  T he establishment of a monitoring system on Aid-for-Trade, jointly with the WTO, to improve trade capacity in Africa and other developing regions.  Policy work on Armed Violence Reduction (AVR), with a strong focus on Africa, including large-scale mapping of AVR prevention activities in Burundi, Liberia and South Africa and specific programming notes on how to reduce urban and youth violence.  E nhanced co-ordination with UNECA, the African Governance Initiative, as well as national accountability institutions around common anti-corruption response principles. This work is undertaken by the OECD/DAC Network on Governance (GOVNET) to support greater domestic accountability in a number of African countries. Several case studies are underway and multi-stakeholder dialogues on improving donor support for enhanced domestic accountability will take place in a number of African countries, including Mali and Mozambique. In addition, a joint GOVNET/ International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF) effort aims to avoid the potential negative effects of salary top-ups, per diems, and other sometimes necessary benefits provided to public sector personnel in developing countries in order to implement development projects or other reforms.

35

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Aid for Trade at a Glance 2011: Showing Results (English, French, Spanish) ISBN 9789287037800

Investing in Security: A Global Assessment of Armed Violence Reduction Initiatives ISBN 9789264124530

International Drivers of Corruption A Tool for Analysis ISBN 9789264167506

www.oecd.org/aidfortrade www.oecd.org/dac/conflictandfragility www.oecd.org/dac/governanceanddevelopment

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

The Post 2015 Agenda and FrameworK South Africa believes that the Enhanced Engagement process serves as an opportunity to build partnership with the OECD through a strengthened relationship and a more structured interaction, based on mutual interests. The success of Enhanced Engagement will depend on our willingness to establish mutually benecial areas of work and monitor progress.
HE Dolana Msimang, Ambassador of South Africa to France The global development landscape has changed tremendously since the MDGs were defined in 2000-2001. There is a range of new developments and challenges, which any post-2015 agenda would need to acknowledge and address. In addition, the importance of developing and emerging countries within this changing context is growing. For the post 2015 framework to be truly global, development goals would need to relate to challenges that concern all countries, and that ought to be addressed through joint and/or co-operative approaches involving all countries. In order to define a successful post-2015 development agenda and framework, the needs and views of developing countries must figure highly genuine participatory, global discussions will be critical. As 2015 approaches, the OECD plans to continue engaging with African countries. It has laid out plans to do so in its Programme of Work 2013-14.

37

38 Global NetworK of Foundations WorKing for Development (netFWD)

The OECDs recently launched netFWD offers an innovative and informal forum for continuous policy dialogue and knowledge sharing. NetFWD helps promote social and economic progress by facilitating synergies between foundations and linking foundations experience and innovative approaches with the policy debate. Three African foundations are members of the network: the African Capacity Building Foundation, the Olusegun Obasanjo Foundation and the Mo Ibrahim Foundation. NetFWD has a two-fold objective: first, to influence the policy agenda of the OECD and of other international fora and processes; second, to help foundations share what works and what does not on issues ranging from how to support youth employment to performance-based funding, new models of venture philanthropy and approaches to increasing impact. NetFWD was established in the context of the OECD Strategy on Development adopted by Ministers in May 2012. The OECD Strategy on Development was called for at the OECDs 50th Anniversary Council Meeting at Ministerial level by Secretary Clinton in 2011 and endorsed one year later. The framework outlines the Organisations contribution to development in the years to come, and seeks to achieve higher, more inclusive, sustainable growth for the widest number of countries.

www.oecd.org/site/netfwd
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

OTHER FORMS OF CO-OPERATION

OECD STRATEGY ON DEVELOPMENT
Development is multidimensional. It requires approaches that cut across different policy areas and tap into the diverse experiences and knowledge of countries, stakeholders and policy communities. It calls for inclusive dialogue, in which countries and people can learn from each other. With these objectives in mind, the OECD Strategy on Development aims to improve policy coherence for development, enhance mechanisms for sharing experiences to upgrade policy frameworks and skills, and ensure that policy recommendations are relevant for countries at different stages of development. The Strategy identifies four thematic areas where the OECDs work adds value to other international efforts and responds to the demands and needs of developing and emerging countries: (i) innovative and sustainable sources of growth; (ii) mobilisation of resources for development; (iii) governance for development; and (iv) measuring progress for development.

39

40 ECONOMICS AND GROWTH

Economic Surveys The OECD produces Economic Surveys once a biennium for its Key Partners (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa), just as it does for member countries. The 2013 Economic Survey of South Africa includes two structural policy chapters: one on education and the other on Green Growth, focused on climate change and water (see the sections on Green Growth and Environmental Performance Reviews). It also deals with macroeconomic and labour market issues and, for the first time, contains an annex on progress in structural reforms, following the same format as member country Surveys.

Africa can benet from OECDs policy tools to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth. In turn, the Organizations knowledge pool can be enriched by the regions challenges and unique experience. Closer co-operation between the OECD and Africa will prove useful in the search for a more inclusive globalisation process that may benet all.
HE Agustn Garca-Lpez, Ambassador of Mexico to the OECD

www.oecd.org/eco/surveys
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Going for Growth Going for Growth is an OECD flagship publication alongside the OECD Economic Outlook and OECD Economic Surveys. This annual report provides an overview of structural policy developments in OECD countries and six other major emerging market economies from a comparative perspective, including South Africa. Based on a broad set of indicators of structural policies and performance, each edition takes stock of recent progress in implementing policy reforms to improve labour productivity and utilisation. The set of internationally comparable indicators provided here enables countries to assess their economic performance and structural policies in a broad range of areas.

Economic Policy Reforms 2012: Going for Growth (English, French) ISBN 9789264168251

www.goingforgrowth.org 41

42
Green Growth
Rio+20 brochure [f] [update 1]_Layout 1 06/07/2012 10:05 Page 47

The OECD Green Growth Strategy provides a clear framework for how countries can achieve economic growth and development while preventing costly environmental degradation, climate change and inefficient use of natural resources. The Strategy identifies common principles and challenges but shows that there is no one-size-fits-all prescription for implementing Green Growth. The context for Green Growth in Africa and in other developing countries is different from that in developed and emerging countries, as high poverty rates and the need for accelerated development change the trade-offs between environmental benefits and human welfare. Each country needs to devise a strategy tailored to its own circumstances. In all cases, to be sustainable, strategies have to be inclusive and open. Growth has to reduce inequality and the tensions it generates. Green cannot be an excuse for protectionism, depriving citizens of choice, driving up costs and stifling innovation.

INCLUSIVE GREEN GROWTH: FOR THE FUTURE WE WANT

OECD WORK
2012

Inclusive Green Growth: For the Future we Want (English, French)

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/futurewewant.htm
The Strategy also proposes a measurement framework and indicators that can help countries track their progress towards Green Growth.

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/indicators
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

The report Green Growth and Developing Countries presents relevant national frameworks and a range of policy instruments, and details of how these can be supported by the international community through existing mechanisms and policy coherence for development. A consultation draft of the report is available online. The report will be completed in 2013. The OECD is also helping countries to identify the specific policy mixes that can be used to successfully tailor Green Growth approaches to their own country circumstances. Both the 2013 Economic Survey and the forthcoming Environmental Performance Review of South Africa cover Green Growth considerations. As part of an ongoing effort to engage with developing countries and with regional partners that are pursuing Green Growth objectives, the AfDB and the OECD agreed to work together to organise two regional workshops in Africa in 2013. The OECD is also working with the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Agency on a Green Growth case study.
www.oecd.org/greengrowth

OECD Green Growth Papers

Green Growth and Developing Countries

CONSULTATION DRAFT

June 2012

Green Growth and Developing Countries: Consultation Draft

The OECD recently established a Green Growth and Sustainable Development Forum to provide a dedicated forum for multidisciplinary dialogue on Green Growth and sustainable development across a range of government actors and other experts. www.oecd.org/greengrowth/ggsdforum.htm To identify and address major knowledge gaps in Green Growth theory and practise, the OECD has also joined forces with the Global Green Growth Institute, the UN Environment Programme and the World Bank to establish the Green Growth Knowledge Platform that provides support to policy makers and practitioners. www.greengrowthknowledge.org

43

www.oecd.org/dac/greengrowth

44 TOURISM
Since the countrys first democratic elections in 1994, international tourist arrivals to South Africa have surged. Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy, and has been identified as one of the six pillars of the countrys economic growth strategy. Reflecting its position as one of the worlds major emerging tourism economies, South Africa joined Egypt as the second African Participant in the OECD Tourism Committee in 2012. Egypt and South Africa play an active role in Tourism Committee activities, and have contributed to the flagship publication, OECD Tourism Trends and Policies, in both 2010 and 2012. The current edition focuses on competitiveness, governance, skills and policy evaluation issues, highlighting the important role of tourism as an economic driver, an export industry, and an engine for job creation, in both emerging and established tourism economies. It serves as an international reference and benchmark on how effectively countries are supporting competitiveness, innovation and growth in tourism, through thematic chapters and 51 country-specific policy and statistical profiles.

OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2012 (English, French) ISBN 9789264177550

www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

TRADE
The OECD carries out substantial analytical and policy-related work in the trade area. In recent years, the organisation has undertaken studies on trade facilitation, trade in services, nontariff barriers, comparative advantage, trade and structural adjustment, (agricultural) trade and employment, and linkages between trade policy and foreign direct investment in the agrofood sector in African economies. The publication Globalisation and Emerging Economies: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa analyses key elements of the trade performance of these countries, in relation to the rest of the world, focusing on trade and other policies influencing that performance. It also presents a separate chapter for each country. The report Policy Priorities for International Trade and Jobs includes a chapter on Regional integration and employment effects in SADC and a chapter on Regional trade and employment in ECOWAS.

Globalisation and Emerging Economies Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa ISBN 9789264044807

Policy Priorities for International Trade and Jobs ISBN 9789264180178

www.oecd.org/trade 45

46

Building on this analytical foundation, the OECD promotes engagement among interested parties through regional events or its Global Forums on Trade and Agriculture. Africas trade with the world, by main partners 2000-2011 (in billion USD)

Billon USD 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

China Other Emerging Other Traditional USA EU25 (exclude Bulgaria and Romania)

2010

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Source: OECD Development Centre (calculations based on ComTrade data: SITC Rev.3)

After a sharp fall in 2009, African trade with the rest of the world has bounced back. However, the trend of recovery is uneven across the partners. In particular, Chinas trade with Africa rebounded the strongest.
www.oecd.org/africa

2009

2011

www.oecd.org/africa

AGRICULTURE
In the face of volatile and rising food prices, rapid population growth, and climate change, governments are increasingly recognising the value of greater investment in agricultural research and development (R&D) as an essential element to increase agricultural productivity. The OECD and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN (FAO) publish annually the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook , which assesses agricultural trends in African counties. Africa also features in the publications Agricultural Policies for Poverty Reduction and Improving Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems.
OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021 (English, French) ISBN 9789264173026 Agricultural Policies for Poverty Reduction ISBN 9789264168633 Improving Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems ISBN 9789264167438

www.agri-outlook.org www.oecd.org/agriculture 47

48 ENVIRONMENT
Climate Change The OECD publication Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change: Costs, Benefits and Policy Instruments, assesses the costs and benefits of adaptation in key climate sensitive sectors, as well as at national and global levels. The Policy Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation includes examples of adaptation actions from Cameroon, Malawi, Kenya and South Africa. The OECD report Towards a Green Investment Policy Framework: The Case of Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Infrastructure provides a policy framework that aims to integrate climate and investment policy to align incentives and establish strong enabling conditions for green private investment. The elements of this green investment policy framework have been tested in South Africa through a case study, Financing Solar Water Heating Systems in Sustainable Housing Developments.

www.oecd.org/env/cc
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

The OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG) has worked with a number of African countries, which participated actively in some of the meetings of the Global Forum on the Environment, which it organised. It has published a case study of Climate Finance in Tanzania, which is available on its webpage. www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg

TOWARDS A GREEN INVESTMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK The Case of Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Infrastructure

OECD Staff consultation draft, 18 June 2012

This report is a revised and shortened version of: Policy Framework for Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Investment: the Case of Infrastructure Development, which was first submitted to the Working Party on Climate, Investment and Development (WPCID) and the Working Party of the Investment Committee in October 2011. It is part of the joint project between the Environment Policy Committee and the Investment Committee on Engaging the Private Sector in Financing Climate Change Action [COM/DAF/INV/ENV/EPOC(2011)2]. This version incorporates comments received from Delegates. The report was also the subject of a consultation with governments and external experts held in the margins of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change talks in Bonn (15 May 2012). The authors would like to invite comments on this draft report. If received by 17 August, they will be considered and incorporated into the final working paper version of the document (scheduled for September 2012). Contacts: Jan Corfee-Morlot, Email: jan.corfee-morlot@oecd.org, Tel: + 33 1 45 24 79 24 and Virginie Marchal, Email: virginie.marchal@oecd.org, Tel: + 33 1 45 24 79 02 (Environment Directorate); Karim Dahou, Email:karim.dahou@oecd.org , Tel: + 33 1 45 24 19 38 (Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs) 1

Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change Costs, Benets and Policy Instruments (English, French) ISBN 9789264046030

Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation (English, French) ISBN 9789264054769

Towards a Green Investment Policy Framework: The Case of Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Infrastructure DOI 10.1787/5k8zth7s6s6d-en

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Environmental Performance Reviews The OECD Environmental Performance Review (EPR) of South Africa focuses on progress in achieving national and international environmental goals in South Africa. It identifies achievements as well as areas for further progress. OECD EPRs provide mutually agreed recommendations to support environmental progress and reforms in the reviewed countries, in line with good international practices. www.oecd.org/environment/environmentalcountryreviews

Environmental Taxation Environmental taxes have many important advantages, such as environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, the ability to raise public revenue, and transparency. South Africa has been actively involved in the OECD work related to Tax and Environment, and has provided inputs to the OECD/European Environment Agency database on instruments used for environmental policy and natural resources management. www.oecd.org/env/policies/database

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Chemicals, Nanomaterials, and Biotechnology South Africa is a full participant in the OECD Mutual Acceptance of Data system, a multilateral agreement that allows sharing the results of a variety of safety tests done on chemicals and chemical products across adhering countries. The country is a regular Participant in the Chemicals Committee and in 2012 the South African Delegate was elected as Chair of the Working Group on Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). In addition, South Africa has a well established strategy for addressing the emerging field of nanotechnology and nanoscience and participates actively in the OECDs programme on the safety of manufactured nanomaterials. Currently, it is leading the safety testing of gold nanoparticles. www.oecd.org/env/chemicalsafetyandbiosafety South Africa also provides expertise on tropical crops such as sugarcane, and is strengthening its participation in the Working Group on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, which focuses on environmental safety assessment. Currently, it is leading the drafting of an environmental safety consensus document on sorghum. www.oecd.org/biotrack

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52 ENERGY
The publication Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2012 contains data on energy supply and consumption in original units for coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, heat, renewable and waste for over 100 non-OECD countries, including Africa.

Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2012 ISBN 9789264174597

www.iea.org
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is a specialised agency within the OECD that assists its member countries in maintaining and further developing the scientific, technological and legal bases required for the safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. South Africa is a member or the Multinational Design Evaluation Programme (MDEP) and the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The MDEP brings together the nuclear regulators to co-operate on safety design reviews of new reactors and to identify opportunities for harmonisation and convergence of safety licensing review practices and requirements. www.oecd-nea.org/mdep The GIF is a co-operative international endeavour carrying out the R&D needed to establish the feasibility and performance capabilities of the next generation of nuclear energy systems. www.gen-4.org South Africa is also a member of the NEA High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes, used in over 30 million medical examinations worldwide each year. www.oecd-nea.org/med-radio Finally, the NEA programme of work includes a forthcoming study on Managing Health and Environmental Impacts of Uranium Mines, which will be of interest to uranium-producing countries such as Malawi, Namibia, Niger and South Africa.

www.oecd-nea.org 53

54 EDUCATION
OECD evidence shows that investing in education pays off socially and economically. Human capital promotes sustained economic growth, increases competitiveness, and fosters health and wellbeing. Today, governments in Africa and around the world face new challenges in maximising the returns on their educational investments. The OECD provides policy support for better education and human capital development. Together with the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA), it conducted peer reviews of education systems in Gabon and Mauritius and published a regional review of higher education in the Free State Province of South Africa in 2012.

In addition to providing tailored policy support, the OECD invites representatives of African economies to participate in various education-related initiatives. In the area of higher education, for example, institutions from Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria and South Africa are members of the Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE) Programme, which brings together higher education institutions and governments to share best practices, ideas and potential models to meet these challenges through networks, studies and research. www.oecd.org/edu/imhe

Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives A Strategic Approach to Skills Policies (English, French) ISBN 9789264177291

Higher Education in Regional and City Development: The Free State, South Africa 2012 ISBN 9789264169142

www.oecd.org/edu
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Financial Education As the level of financial literacy and awareness remains low and unequally distributed, many African governments are showing rising interest in developing financial education initiatives. The importance attached to financial education is reflected in the development of National Strategies for Financial Education and in the growing number of African countries that have joined the OECD International Network for Financial Education (INFE). This Network draws together 20 countries in Africa and over 100 overall to strengthen information sharing and policy dialogue, collect data and develop policy instruments on financial education. In 2013 Kenya will host an OECD-World Bank event to look further into this topic.
Please cite this paper as:

Messy, F. and C. Monticone (2012), The Status of Financial Education in Africa, OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 25, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k94cqqx90wl-en

OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions No. 25

The Status of Financial Education in Africa

Flore-Anne Messy, Chiara Monticone

JEL Classification: D14, D18, I28, O16

The Status of Financial Education in Africa ISBN 9789264107908

www.financial-education.org www.oecd.org/daf/financialeducation 55

56 SCIENCE AND INNOVATION

Innovation, Higher Education and Research for Development (IHERD) The OECD has initiated the four-year programme IHERD with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Its overall objective is to increase strategic and coherent investments in innovation, higher education and research which are relevant to global development. Africa is a priority area of the IHERD programme. Several case studies have been carried out, such as on the research funding systems in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa, as well as a case study on centres of excellence as a tool for capacity building in South Africa or a case study on the Pan-African University Initiative. Future IHERD activity with a focus on Africa includes a workshop on the effectiveness of research and innovation management in sub-Saharan Africa. African countries will be invited to join in other IHERD activities in 2013-14.

www.oecd.org/iherd
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

OECD Innovation Strategy Endorsing a broader concept of innovation than just science-based technological innovation, the OECD Innovation Strategy recommends policy principles for governments to promote innovation by empowering people to innovate, unleashing innovation in firms, creating and applying knowledge, applying innovation to address global and social challenges, and improving the governance of policies for innovation. The OECD and the Department of Science and Technology of South Africa co-organised an Innovation Strategy Roundtable in Pretoria, South Africa in 2012, to review the progress made since the 2007 OECD Innovation Policy Review of South Africa, and identified further challenges. South Africa has played a leading role in work conducted under the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy on the governance of international scientific co-operation designed to tackle major societal challenges. The OECD may undertake a second OECD Review of Innovation Policy in South Africa, as well as a review of innovation in the SADC area.
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012 (English, French) ISBN 9789264170322

www.oecd.org/innovation/strategy 57

58
Measuring Innovation African countries have a growing interest in OECD measurement standards in science, technology and innovation. South Africa actively participates in the Working Party of National Experts on Science and Technology Indicators (NESTI) and its statistics appear in the Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI). Also participating in NESTI is NEPAD, which supports R&D and innovation surveys in 19 African countries. The OECDs methodologies and indicators on innovation increasingly include developing and emerging countries. For instance, the joint OECD/Eurostat Oslo Manual (which sets international standards for collecting and interpreting innovation statistics of firms) features a new annex on designing innovation surveys in developing countries. Ongoing work on the Frascati Manual (the standard of conduct for R&D surveys and data collection) aims to help measure the nature and role of R&D in developing countries. Moreover, the OECD is a member of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, and produced the OECD Guide to Measuring the Information Society.

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2011 ISBN 9789264111653

In addition, OECD flagship publications such as the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, the OECD Communications Outlook, and the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, increasingly include data from African countries.

www.oecd.org/sti/msti www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/reviews
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Innovation and Knowledge for Inclusive Development The OECD and South Africas Department of Science and Technology co-organised an international conference on Innovation and Knowledge for Inclusive Development in Cape Town, South Africa in 2012. The conference focused on two key issues: First, how different income groups can benefit more from innovation, and second, how these groups can themselves play a greater role in the innovation process. Attention was given to the role of innovation in both economic and social development. The conference aimed to provide a platform for exchange of practices and perspectives from both emerging and OECD economies. South Africa will be one of the key players of the OECD project on Innovation and Knowledge for Inclusive Development to be carried out in 2013-14. The report Innovation and the Development Agenda examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa.
Innovation and the Development Agenda ISBN 9789264088917

www.oecd.org/sti/innovation/development 59

60
Internet Economy The Internet and communications infrastructure is a key platform to conduct business, connect people and provide government services. During the uprising in Egypt in 2011, Internet and communications services were shut down for five days. The OECD estimated and published the direct costs for this at USD 90 million. This was the beginning of a new OECD project to measure the size of the Internet economy. The OECD partnered with UNESCO and the Internet Society (ISOC) to examine the relationship between Internet infrastructure, Internet prices and the development of local digital content. The project included separate case studies on the development of local content in seven countries including Egypt, Kenya and Senegal, and a review of the mobile sector in Uganda. This research showed a strong correlation between the development of network infrastructure and the growth of local content.

OECD Internet Economy Outlook 2012 ISBN 9789264086456

www.oecd.org/sti/interneteconomy
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS

The OECDs Local Employment and Economic Development programme (LEED) aims to contribute to the creation of more and better jobs through effective policy implementation, innovative practices, entrepreneurship, stronger capacities and integrated strategies at a local level. South Africa is an OECD LEED member country. www.oecd.org/cfe/leed Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa: The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies focuses on the role of growth and employment/unemployment developments in explaining recent income inequality trends in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, and discusses the roles played by labour market and social policies in both shaping and addressing these inequalities. www.oecd.org/els/social/inequality The OECD also undertook a study on trends in South African income distribution and poverty since the fall of Apartheid. A final version was issued as an OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper. www.oecd.org/els/workingpapers In order to ensure that pension reforms are both financially and socially sustainable, it is essential to monitor the outcomes of changes in pension system parameters and rules. OECD Pensions at a Glance monitors pension systems and pension policies in OECD countries and G20 countries including South Africa. www.oecd.org/els/social/pensions/PAG

Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa: The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies ISBN 9789264088351

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62 GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMENS EMPOWERMENT

The OECD Gender Initiative provides analysis on the barriers to gender equality in the three Es (Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship). The report Closing the Gender Gap: Act Now includes analysis for selected African countries in areas such as educational attainment, the school to work transition, informal employment, and womens access to credit. The OECDs Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) measures discrimination against women for over 100 non-OECD countries, including 43 African countries. The SIGI uses 14 unique indicators groups into five dimensions: Discriminatory Family Code, Restricted Physical Integrity, Son Bias, Restricted Resources and Entitlements, and Restricted Civil Liberties. While conventional indicators of gender inequality focus on outcomes such as employment and education, the SIGI is unique in focusing on underlying drivers of inequality such as discrimination in the family, violence against women and womens restricted access to land. The Gender, Institutions and Development Database (GID-DB) provides easy-access data for African countries including the overall SIGI rankings, scores for each SIGI dimension and the individual variables. The genderindex.org website contains detailed country profiles for each country, providing contextual analysis on discrimination against women. www.genderindex.org The OECD, through the Network on Gender Equality, provides a platform for mutual learning and exchange on strengthening womens empowerment in developing countries. A workshop on food security and land rights to empower rural women was organised in Ethiopia in 2012, together with the United Nations Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality.

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level

Paris, 23-24 May 2012

Womens Economic Empowerment

Issues paper
April 2011

GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: FINAL REPORT TO THE MCM 2012
DAC Network on Gender Equality (GENDERNET)

Gender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship: Final Report to the MCM 2012 (English, French)

Closing the Gender Gap (English, French) ISBN 9789264179363

Issues Paper on Womens Economic Empowerment (English, French)

www.oecd.org/gender www.oecd.org/dac/genderequalityanddevelopment 63

64 Migration
The OECD publishes an annual International Migration Outlook, which monitors migration flows and policies in OECD countries. The OECD report, Connecting with Emigrants: A Global Profile of Diasporas, is a joint publication with the Agence Franaise de Dvloppement and is a statistical publication on the profile of diasporas for over 140 countries and six regions in the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. Harnessing the Skills of Migrants and Diasporas to Foster Development: Policy Options, is a joint publication with the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs which looks at policies that origin and destination countries can put in place to promote the role that skill mobility can play for development. Policy experiences and challenges are identified for a number of countries, including African ones. www.oecd.org/migration/diasporas.htm

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

REPORT
2012

Harnessing the skills of migrants and diasporas to foster development:

policy options
Direction gnrale de la mondialisation, du dveloppement et des partenariats

International Migration Outlook 2012 (English, French) ISBN 9789264177208

Connecting with Emigrants: A Global Prole of Diasporas (English, French) ISBN 9789264177932

Harnessing the skills of migrants and diasporas to foster development: policy options

The Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) provides estimates of brain-drain from more than 200 countries of origin. This database has been recently extended to cover non-member countries of destination, including South Africa and several other African countries.

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The OECD Development Centre is looking at two migration areas in particular: (1) the governance of international migration at the global, regional, national and local levels, and (2) the link between emigration and labour markets in developing countries. Specific studies on West Africa include a report on integration policies in South-South migration contexts in Cte dIvoire and Ghana. These studies and others are used as a basis for policy dialogue among policymakers in the region.

OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE

Working Paper No. 312

SOUTH-SOUTH MIGRATION IN WEST AFRICA:

ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGE OF IMMIGRANT INTEGRATION
by Jason Gagnon and David Khoudour-Castras

Research area: Perspectives on Global Development: Migration

April 2012

International mobility of health workers has grown rapidly in the past decades. Medical brain drain from African countries exacerbates the health workforce crisis. To better monitor and understand the causes and consequences of health worker flows, the OECD, in collaboration with the World Health Organisation, has carried out a project on the health workforce and migration. www.oecd.org/health/healthpoliciesanddata/healthworkforceprojects
Tackling the Policy Challenges of Migration: Regulation, Integration, Development ISBN 9789264126312 South-South Migration in West Africa: Addressing the Challenge of Immigrant Integration Working Paper No. 312

www.oecd.org/migration
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Health Systems
The OECD has been at the forefront of developing an international framework for reporting health expenditure and financing, and the publication of A System of Health Accounts, along with the World Health Organisation and the European Commission, now provides a global standard. The OECDs Health Division has been actively involved in efforts to roll out and implement the system globally. A meeting in Nairobi attracted 15 African countries where the emphasis was placed on embedding health accounts activities and other resource tracking initiatives into the key health policy planning and financing decision-making process. The OECD has been actively involved in methodological work on disease accounts and the link made to tracking spending on maternal and child health to respond to the MDGs. The OECD has also been working with South Africa to support policy makers in their reform efforts. It participated in the South African Ministry of Healths international expert panel on achieving national health insurance and engaged with the South African Treasury on financing models for improving public health care services. In addition, the OECD is currently working with the Ministry of Health to source data that may help benchmark relative hospital price levels in South Africa in the future.

www.oecd.org/els/health-systems 67

68 PUBLIC GOVERNANCE AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

South Africas recently acquired Participant status in the Public Governance Committee offers possibilities for future co-operation, including its active participation in the Committees flagship deliverables, e.g. the Good Practice Framework on Better Governance for Inclusive Growth, the Observatory of Public Sector Innovation and the databases, such as Government at a Glance. The OECD Territorial Development Policy Committee (TDPC) supports African countries with advice on ways to improve their regional development policies that target both competitiveness and equity objectives. South Africa is engaged in developing and implementing a regional policy agenda to address the wide regional disparities in economic and social well-being, the spatial polarisation in cities and the challenges of migration. South African urban areas are still trying to overcome the legacy of spatial segregation. These economic powerhouses offer plenty of opportunities to address economic, inequality and environmental challenges, but require an integral approach to policy making. OECDs Regions at a Glance includes regional statistics from South Africa.

www.oecd.org/governance www.oecd.org/gov/regionaldevelopment
www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

ROAD SAFETY
In 2012, the Road Traffic Management Corporation of South Africa, the lead agency under the Ministry of Transport, joined the International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (IRTAD) on road safety data. The IRTAD Group is an on-going working group of the Joint Transport Research of the OECD and the International Transport Forum. In order to assist the Corporation in improving its road crash data collection and analysis system, a twinning project with the Transport Agency of Sweden will start in 2013. This initiative will include a detailed audit of data collection process in South Africa, training in topics such as development and monitoring of road safety indicators and technical support in database management. This project will allow South Africa to develop and enhance its crash data system so that it follows international definition and meets quality criteria, making it possible to include data from South Africa in the IRTAD database.

www.irtad.net www.rtmc.co.za 69

70 BETTER LIFE INITIATIVE: MEASURING WELL-BEING AND PROGRESS

The two main pillars of the OECD Better Life Initiative are: Hows Life?, a report that looks at peoples material conditions and quality of life across the population and Your Better Life Index, an interactive tool which allows citizens to compare well-being across the 34 OECD member countries, and Brazil and Russia, based on 11 dimensions of well-being explored in Hows Life?. Over time, the Index will expand to cover China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. Hows Life? already includes a number of well-being indicators for South Africa. One of the main outcomes of the African Conference on Measuring Well-Being and Fostering the Progress of Societies, in Morocco (2012), was the creation of the Wikiprogress Africa Network, a regional well-being network which aims to provide for knowledge sharing on measuring progress in an Africa context. The network co-ordinates its work with national statistics offices in Africa. Its partners include UNECA and the High Commission for Planning of the Kingdom of Morocco.

How's Life?: Measuring Well-being ISBN 9789264111615

www.oecd.org/betterlifeinitiative www.oecd.org/site/devprogress www.wikiprogressafrica.blogspot.fr

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

In addition to the OECD Better Life Initiative, the OECD Factbook is the OECD's most comprehensive statistical publication providing a longer-term presentation of data and making it an essential tool in evaluating country trends. It includes statistics for more than just the 34 OECD member countries. Data are included for Key Partner and accession countries, namely: Brazil, India, Indonesia, the Peoples Republic of China, the Russian Federation and South Africa. Co-operative work is well underway with Statistics South Africa. As an example, South Africa is now almost fully represented in the OECD National Accounts online datasets.

OECD Factbook 2013: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics ISBN 9789264183667

www.oecd.org/publications/factbook 71

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ANNEXES
Participation in OECD Regional Partnerships and Programmes with Africa
Name
Sahel and West Africa Club (SWAC) initiated and supported by the OECD African Economic Outlook (AEO) and International Economic Forum on Africa

Countries
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Cte dIvoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

Date of establishment
1976 (predecessor Club du Sahel)

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Republic, Cte dIvoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, So Tom & Prncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Members of the NEPAD Steering Committee, currently: Algeria, Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia. The African Union and Regional Economic Communities.

2001

Africa Partnership Forum (APF) supported by the OECD

2003 (support unit: 2006)

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Name
OECD Senior Budget Officials Regional Network for Africa (Collaborative Africa Budget Reform Initiative CABRI -African SBO Network) NEPAD-OECD Africa Investment Initiative

Countries
CABRI Members: Central African Republic, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Mauritius, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa

Date of establishment
2004

All members of the African Union and Morocco. Investment policy Reviews, training and/or Ministerial meetings have been, or will be undertaken with: Botswana, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe ATAF Members: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Cote dIvoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

2006

OECD Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Southern Africa African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF) supported by the OECD

2008

2009

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Name
OECD/AfDB Initiative to Support Business Integrity and Anti-bribery Efforts in Africa Centre for African Public Debt Management and Bond Markets initiated and supported by the OECD African Competition Forum (ACF) supported by the OECD * Countries with operational competition authorities.

Countries
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cote DIvoire, Gabon, Gambia, Lesotho, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia

Date of establishment
2008 (active since 2011)

2011

Algeria*, Angola, Benin*, Botswana* , Burkina Faso*, Cameroon*, Cote dIvoire, Egypt*, The Gambia*, Guinea, , Kenya*, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi*, Mali, Mauritius*, Morocco*, Namibia*, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal*, Seychelles*, Sierra Leone, South Africa*, Swaziland*, Tanzania*, Togo, Tunisia*, Zambia*, Zimbabwe*

2011

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

Participation in OECD Bodies

CAPE VERDE
Associate  Governing Board of the Development Centre

MAURITIUS
Associate  Governing Board of the Development Centre

EGYPT
Associate  Governing Board of the Development Centre  Freedom of Investment, National Security and Strategic Industries Project of the Investment Committee Participant S  teel Committee  Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy  Public Governance Committee  Tourism Committee  Committee on Consumer Policy  Competition Committee  Education Policy Committee Egypt also participates in the Investment Committee, for its work on the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises

MOROCCO
Associate  Governing Board of the Development Centre Participant P  ublic Governance Committee  Territorial Development Policy Committee Morocco also participates in the Investment Committee, for its work on the Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises

SENEGAL
Associate  Governing Board of the Development Centre

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South Africa Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange
Associate of Information for Tax Purposes  Governing Board of the Development Centre The following African countries are members:  Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions of the Investment  Botswana Committee  Burkina Faso  Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals,  Cameroon Pesticides and Biotechnology, as far as it relates to the Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD)  Gabon  Working Group of National Co-ordinators of the Test Guidelines Programme  Ghana  Working Group on Good Laboratory Practice (chair in 2012)  Kenya  Co-operative Action Programme on Local Economic and Employment Development  Liberia (LEED) and its Directing Committee  Mauritania  Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable  Mauritius Agricultural Systems  Morocco  Nigeria Participant  Seychelles  Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals,  Senegal Pesticides and Biotechnology (non-MAD items)  South Africa  Joint Working Party on Agriculture and Trade  Tunisia  Steel Committee  Uganda  Committee on Statistics  Competition Committee  Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy  Committee on Fiscal Affairs  Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy  Working Party on Private Pensions (IPPC)  Committee for Agriculture, its Working Party on Agricultural Policies and Markets and Commodity Groups  Territorial Development Policy Committee  Public Governance Committee  Tourism Committee

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

OECD iLibrary provides access to publications from the OECD, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Transport Forum (ITF), OECD Development Centre, PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) and International Transport Forum (ITF) since 1998. OECD iLibrary is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and provides unlimited multi-user access to 1000 journal issues, 2900 working papers, 2500 multi-lingual summaries, 6200 e-books titles, 14 000 tables and graphs, 21 000 chapters and articles, and 390 complete databases with more than 4 billion data points.

www.oecdilibrary.org

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For further information on our work with the Middle East and North Africa see our MENA brochure:

MIDDLE-EAST FRICA AND NORTH A

Better Policies for Be tter Lives

06/06/12 21:01

indd North_africa_2012_GB.

www.oecd.org/africa

www.oecd.org/africa

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation helping governments tackle the economic, social and governance challenges of a globalised economy. It provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

www.oecd.org/africa

The Global Relations Secretariat (GRS) helps coordinate the OECD's relations with non-member countries and with other international organisations.

Global Relations Secretariat OECD, 2 rue Andr Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France

www.oecd.org/globalrelations GRS.contact@oecd.org

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