BIOGAS BASICS Biogas plants are biogas generating systems.

Biogas formed after decomposition of organic wastes in biogas plants is piped or transported to homes for cooking and heating, and used on a large scale in many countries of the world today. The Biogas plants are considered to be the cheap sources of energy in rural areas. Biogas is also used for running engines for shaft and electrical power generation with little or no pollution. WHAT IS BIOGAS? Biogas is a clean fuel produced through anaerobic digestion of several organic wastes like agricultural, animal, domestic and industrial. Made from organic waste matter after it is decomposed, biogas is tremendously used as fuel. A relatively clean burning, colourless, and odourless gas, biogas is composed of methane (C !", carbon dio#ide (C$%", and some traces of nitrogen, ammonia (& '", sulphur dio#ide (($ %", hydrogen sulphide ( %(", and hydrogen, depending on the feedstock used. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Biogas is produced in a no )o#ygen is present) environment or in an anaerobic environment, when certain bacteria decompose organic material. The whole process is referred to as anaerobic digestion (A*". A* effectively treats the organic fraction of waste which has many benefits. The process not only leads to a healthy and clean environment, but also produces a renewable energy source like methane. The by+product produced during the process is a solid residue which is high+grade manure. ,n a biogas plant, biomass like vegetable wastes, animal e#creta, and weeds undergo decomposition in the absence of o#ygen and form a mi#ture of gases. This mi#ture is the biogas which is used as a fuel for cooking and lighting.

Floating dome biodigester COMPONENTS OF BIOGAS PLANTS

Inlet pipe: The slurry is moved into the digester through the inlet pipe-tank. Mixing tank: The feed material like dung is gathered in the mi#ing tank. .sing sufficient water, the material is thoroughly mi#ed till homogeneous slurry is formed. ige!te": ,nside the digester, the slurry is fermented. Biogas is produced through bacterial action. Ga! #$l%e" $" ga! !t$"age %$&e: The biogas thus formed gets collected in the gas holder. ,t holds the gas till the time it is transported for consumption. O'tlet pipe: The slurry is discharged into the outlet tank. This is done through the outlet pipe or the opening in the digester. Ga! Pipeline: The gas pipeline carries the gas to the utili/ation point like a stove or lamp

BIOGAS PLANT CONSTRUCTION: ,mportant criteria for biogas plant construction are0

The amount of waste material available for processing. The amount of gas re1uired for a specific use.

APPLICATION AREAS:

C$$king: $ne of the most common uses of biogas is for cooking in a specially designed burner. A biogas plant with a capacity of % m' is enough for providing cooking fuel to a family of four to five.

Lig#ting: Another use of biogas is lighting gas lamps. The biogas re1uired to power a 233 candle lamp (43 5" is 3.2' m' per hour. P$(e" gene"ati$n: This gas is also used to operate a dual+fuel engine. ,t can replace up to 678 of the diesel.

BENEFITS OF BIOGAS PLANTS:

A non+polluting and renewable source of energy is created in biogas plants. ,t is an e#cellent way of energy conversion. Biogas plants produce enriched organic manure. This can be used as fertili/ers. Biogas as a gas provides improvement in the environment, and sanitation and hygiene. The biogas plants provide a source for decentrali/ed power generation. Most important of all, such plants provide employment generation in the rural areas.

SALIENT FEATURES OF CHEMPURE BIOGAS PLANT: 5ater 9acket for smooth performance of the dome. :as flow meter to measure the gas flow Moisture traps to remove moisture in the gas

WIN MILL

ESCRIPTION OF THE S)STEM:

The power generated by wind mill will be fed through charge controller to deliver a consistent output. T#e in*e"te" then convert *C electricity generated by the wind mill into alternating current (AC" electricity. ,t will go to auto control change over switch, so it will automatically switch on power between grid supply and renewable energy supply. This AC electricity is then able to be used to power electrical devices and appliances. Batteries are often used in wind mill systems for the purpose of storing energy produced by the wind mill during the peak hours, and to supply it to electrical loads as needed. FLOW IAGRAM

Wind mill

Battery

Charge controller

Inverter

Automatic change over switch 125 A

Load