ENGINEERING ETHICS

IR DR MOHD NORDIN ADLAN, PMP Dip. Civ. Eng., BSc (civil), MSc (Water & Waste Eng.), PhD, FIEM, PEng.(Msia).

Course:EUP222 EngineerinSociety CourseManager:DrFaridEzaneeMohamedGhazali

Lecturer: Assoc.Prof.Ir.Dr.MohdNordinAdlan PartTimeLecturer(2) NO.

COURSEOUTCOME(CO) Introducetheprincipaltheoriesrelatedtoengineering ethics,basiclaw,basicaccountingandbasic management %achieve Practicetherealunderstandingonthefundamental theoreticalprinciplesrelatedtoengineeringethics, basiclawforengineers,engineeringaccountingand basicmanagement %achieve Appreciatetheimportanceoftheprincipaltheories towardstheactualindustrialpractice

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Memahami prinsip asas pengurusan dan kejuruteraan serta kepentingan terhadap kerjaya sebagai jurutera samada sebagai ahli dan ketua dalam pasukan untuk mengurus projek dan dalam persekitaran pelbagai disiplin Memahami kesan penyelesaian kejuruteraan professional dari konteks persekitaran dan kemasyarakatan Mengaplikasikan prinsip etika dan komited terhadap etika dan tanggungjawab professional serta norma amalan kejuruteraan Mengaplikasikan penyebab yang dibekalkan oleh pengetahuan mengikut konteks penilaian kemasyarakatan, kesihatan, keselamatan, undang-undang dan budaya serta tanggungjawab lanjutan berkaitan dengan amalan kejuruteraan profesional

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An ability to apply knowledge of

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science and engineering fundamentals . Acquired in-depth technical

competence in civil engineering Ability to undertake problem

identification and solution Ability to utilize systems approach to design and evaluate operational performance Understanding the principles of design for sustainable development Understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities commitment to them Ability to communicate effectively, not only with engineers but also with the community at large Ability to function effectively as an individual and in group with the capacity to be a leader or manager Understanding of the social, cultural, global and environmental responsibilities of a professional engineer Recognizing the need to undertake life-long learning and possessing/acquiring the capacity to do so

PROGRAM OUTCOME

ENGINEERS

Engineers work to develop economical and safe solutions to practical problems, by applying mathematics and scientific knowledge while considering technical constraints.[1] [2] The term is derived from the Latin root "ingenium," meaning "cleverness".[3] The industrial revolution and continuing technological developments of the last few centuries have changed the connotation of the term slightly, resulting in the perception of engineers as applied scientists. The work of engineers is the link between perceived needs of society and commercial applications.

REGULATION
In Continental Europe and Latin America and also in Turkey, the title is limited by law to people with an engineering degree, and the use of the title by others (even persons with much more work experience) is illegal. In Italy the title is limited to people who, besides holding an engineering degree, have passed a professional qualification examination (Esame di Stato). In Portugal, professional engineer titles and accredited engineering degrees are regulated and certified by the Ordem dos Engenheiros.

In the Czech Republic the title "engineer" (Ing.) is given to people with a (master) degree in chemistry, technology or even economics (due to historical reasons and tradition). In Greece the academic title of "Diploma Engineer" is awarded after completion of the five year engineering study course and the title of "Certified Engineer" is awarded to those that have completed the four year course of engineering studies at a Technological Educational Institute (TEI).

Laws exist in the U.S., in Canada and in South Africa that limit the use of specific engineer titles, particularly the title of "Professional Engineer. However, most engineers in the U.S. do not become professional engineers. Titles indicating a specific, regulated branch of engineering, such as "civil engineer" or "mechanical engineer" are also regulated. Most U.S. states prohibit unlicensed persons from calling themselves an "engineer" or indicating branches or specialties not covered by the licensing acts.

The IEEE's formal position : "The title, Engineer, and its derivatives should be reserved for those individuals whose education and experience qualify them to practice in a manner that protects public safety. Strict use of the title serves the interest of both the IEEEUSA and the public by providing a recognized designation by which those qualified to practice engineering may be identified. The education and experience needed for the title, Engineer, is evidenced by:

Graduation with an Engineering degree from an ABET/EAC accredited program of engineering (or equivalent*), coupled with sufficient experience in the field in which the term, Engineer, is used; and/or Licensure by any jurisdiction as a Professional Engineer. A degree from a foreign institution (or the total education when one person holds a graduate degree in engineering but no accredited B.S. in engineering) can be evaluated through a service offered by ABET. Despite these laws, many individuals with no formal education in engineering are still often called engineers because of a history of engineering work. Because Canada regulates the use of the titles "engineer" and "engineering" in law the legal situation regarding the use title of "engineer" in Canada is aggressively enforced.

ENGINEERS MUST HAVE THE SKILL SET AND METHODOLOGY TO PROBLEM SOLVE, INCLUDING SOFT SKILLS.

Self motivated. Enthusiasm to learn about emerging technologies, hardware, software and applications. Logical approach to problem solving and troubleshooting. Detail oriented. Quick thinking. Calm under high pressure situations. Good oral skills. Leadership skills - organizing and motivating a group of engineers. Drawing skills - to draw graphical workflow diagrams or CAD schematic drawings. Training and mentoring skills - To train and mentor junior or fellow engineers or operational staff.

ETHICS
Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts like good and bad, right and wrong, justice, virtue, etc. Major branches of ethics : meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth-values (if any) may be determined; normative ethics, about the practical means of determining a moral course of action; applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations;

moral psychology, about how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is; and descriptive ethics, about what moral values people actually abide by. Within each of these branches are many different schools of thought and still further sub-fields of study. Morality (from the Latin moralitas "manner, character, proper behavior") has three principal meanings. morality means a code of conduct morality refers to an ideal code of belief and conduct morality is synonymous with ethics.

Virtue (Latin virtus; Greek ) is moral excellence. A virtue is a character trait or quality valued as being good. Individual virtues can be grouped into one of four categories of values: 1. Ethics (virtue - vice, good - bad, moral immoral - amoral, right - wrong, permissible impermissible) 2. Aesthetics (beautiful, ugly, unbalanced, pleasing) 3. Doctrinal (political, ideological, religious or social beliefs and values) 4. Innate/Inborn (inborn values such as reproduction and survival)

The four classic Western Cardinal virtues are: temperance: (sphrosyn) prudence: (phronsis) fortitude: (andreia) justice: (dikaiosyn) This enumeration is traced to Greek philosophy, and was listed at least by Plato, if not also by Socrates, from whom no attributable written works exist. Plato also mentions "Holiness". Aristotle defined a virtue as a balance point between a deficiency and an excess of a trait.

ROMAN VIRTUES
Auctoritas "Spiritual Authority" The sense of one's social standing, built up through experience, Pietas, and Industria. Comitas "Humour" Ease of manner, courtesy, openness, and friendliness. Constantia "Perseverance" Military stamina, mental and physical endurance. Clementia "Mercy" Mildness and gentleness. Dignitas "Dignity" A sense of self-worth, personal pride. Disciplina "Discipline" Military oath under Roman protective law & citizenship.

Firmitas "Tenacity" Strength of mind, the ability to stick to one's purpose. Frugalitas "Frugality" Economy and simplicity of style, without being miserly. Gravitas "Gravity" A sense of the importance of the matter at hand, responsibility and earnestness. Honestas "Respectability" The image that one presents as a respectable member of society. Humanitas "Humanity" Refinement, civilization, learning, and being cultured. Industria "Industriousness" Hard work.

The Jewish tradition In the Jewish tradition God is the Compassionate. in Biblical Hebrew, ("riam," from "reem," the mother, womb), "to pity" or "to show mercy" in view of the sufferer's helplessness, hence also "to forgive" (Hab. iii. 2); , "to forbear" (Ex. ii. 6; I Sam. xv. 3; Jer. xv. 15, xxi. 7.) The Christian tradition There are many listings of virtue additional to the traditional Christian virtues (faith, hope and love) in the Christian Bible. One is the "Fruit of the Spirit," found in Galatians 5:22-23: "By contrast, the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. There is no law against such things."

The Muslim tradition In the Muslim tradition the Qur'an is, as the word of God, the great repository of all virtue in earthly form, and the Prophet, particularly via his hadiths or reported sayings, the exemplar of virtue in human form. The Muslim virtues are: prayer, repentance, honesty, loyalty, sincerity, frugality, prudence, moderation, self-restraint, discipline, perseverance, patience, hope, dignity, courage, justice, tolerance, wisdom, good speech, respect, purity, courtesy, kindness, gratitude, generosity, contentment, and others.

HINDU VIRTUES
Hinduism, or Sanatana Dharma (Dharma means moral duty), has pivotal virtues that everyone keeping their Dharma is asked to follow. For they are distinct qualities of manusya (mankind), that allow one to be in the mode of goodness. Altruism: Selfless Service to all humanity Restraint and Moderation: This is having restraint and moderation in all things. Sexual relations, eating, and other pleasurable activities should be kept in moderation

Honesty: Cleanliness: Outer cleaniness is to be cultivated for good health and hygiene, inner cleaniness is cultivated through devotion to god, Protection and reverence for the Earth. Universality: Showing tolerance and respect for everyone, everything and the way of the Universe. Peace: One must cultivate a peaceful manner in order to benefit themselves and those around them. Non-Violence/Ahimsa: Reverence for elders and teachers: This is virtue is very important to learn respect and reverence for those who have wisdom and those who selflessly teach in love.

Iustitia "Justice" Sense of moral worth to an action. Pietas "Dutifulness" More than religious piety; a respect for the natural order socially, politically, and religiously. Includes the ideas of patriotism and devotion to others. Prudentia "Prudence" Foresight, wisdom, and personal discretion. Salubritas "Wholesomeness" Health and cleanliness. Severitas "Sternness" Gravity, self-control. Veritas "Truthfulness" Honesty in dealing with others. Virtus - "Manliness" - Valor, excellence, courage, character, and worth. Vir meaning "man".

THE BUDDHIST TRADITION

Right View - Realizing the Four Noble Truths (samyag-di, samm-dihi) Right Intention - Commitment to mental and ethical growth in moderation (samyak-sakalpa, samm-sakappa) Right Speech - One speaks in a non hurtful, not exaggerated, truthful way (samyag-vc, samm-vc) Right Action - Wholesome action, avoiding action that would do harm (samyak-karmnta, samm-kammanta) Right Livelihood - One's job does not harm in any way oneself or others; directly or indirectly (samyag-jva, sammjva) Right Effort - One makes an effort to improve (samyagvyyma, samm-vyma) Right Mindfulness - Mental ability to see things for what they are with clear consciousness (samyak-smti, samm-sati) Right Concentration - Wholesome one-pointedness of mind (samyak-samdhi, samm-samdhi)

WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?

Civil Engineering is all about creating, improving and protecting the environment in which we live. It provides the facilities for dayto-day life and for transport and industry to go about its work. Civil engineers design and build bridges, roads, railways and tunnels. They also design and build tall buildings and large structures, like Wembley Stadium, so that they can last for hundreds of years and can withstand all weather conditions.

Like the Romans, Egyptians and Mayans who built great civilisations before us, our civilisation relies more than ever on teams of inventive people to design, build and maintain the sophisticated environment that surrounds us. Without civil engineers we wouldnt have a constant supply of clean water, roads or trains to get to work in the morning, or sustainable energy to help us save our planet.

ROYAL CHARTER, BY-LAWS, REGULATIONS AND RULES

The Royal Charter, By-laws, Regulations and Rules together form the suite of documentation for the governance of ICE. The Royal Charter sets out the object and role of the Institution, outlines the governance structure, and permits the ICE to make the By-laws, Regulations, and Rules to provide the detailed implementation instructions. The Charter also lists the membership grades, and authorises the use of post nominal letters by members.

Members of the Institution throughout the world, are bound by the ICE's Code of Professional Conduct. This ensures that all members observe the highest standards of ethics and professionalism. ICE members who breach the Code of Professional Conduct lay themselves open to disciplinary action by ICE. ICE also provides additional, separate advice to its members on broader ethical issues in its Advice on Ethical Conduct. All ICE members must act according to the Code of Professional Conduct, but they do not have to follow the Advice on Ethical Conduct, except for those sections dealing with bribery and corruption

ICE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

The purpose of the Code of Professional Conduct: The ICE has provided a Code of Professional Conduct to lay down, both for its members and for the general public, the ethical standards by which its members should abide. The duty to behave ethically: The duty upon members of the ICE to behave ethically is, in effect, the duty to behave honourably; in modern words, to do the right thing.

it means that members should be truthful and honest in dealings with clients, colleagues, other professionals, and anyone else they come into contact with in the course of their duties. Being a member of the ICE is a badge of probity and good faith, and members should do nothing that in any way could diminish the high standing of the profession. This includes any aspect of a members personal conduct which could have a negative impact upon the profession.

The public good includes care and respect for humanitys cultural, historical and archaeological heritage, in addition to the duties specified in the Rules of Professional Conduct to protect the health and well being of present and future generations and to show due regard for the environment and for the sustainable management of natural resources.

THE RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

1. All members shall discharge their professional duties with integrity. 2. All members shall only undertake work that they are competent to do. 3. All members shall have full regard for the public interest, particularly in relation to matters of health and safety, and in relation to the well-being of future generations. 4. All members shall show due regard for the environment and for the sustainable management of natural resources.

5. All members shall develop their professional knowledge, skills and competence on a continuing basis and shall give all reasonable assistance to further the education, training and continuing professional development of others. 6. All members shall: a. notify the Institution if convicted of a criminal offence; b. notify the Institution upon becoming bankrupt or disqualified as a Company Director; c. notify the Institution of any significant breach of the Rules of Professional Conduct by another member.

GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

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Rule 1: All members shall discharge their professional duties with integrity. The manner in which members could breach this Rule might include the following: Failing to carry out their professional duties with complete objectivity and impartiality. Failing to declare conflicts of interest. Failing to have due regard to their duty of confidence in relation to all parties with whom they have dealings as part of their professional duties.

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Failing to have due regard to their duty of care to clients, especially lay clients in domestic or small works engagements. Failing to put terms of the engagement in writing and failing to state the fees to be charged; whenever practicable, these should be issued to the client before the project is begun. Members who do not carry appropriate insurance, either personally or through their employers, failing to advise their clients of the position before accepting the engagement. Members should take all reasonable steps to ensure that their prospective clients understand the extent to which they are covered by appropriate insurance.

Failing to show due consideration for other colleagues and for other persons with whom they have dealings in the course of their professional duties. Members must treat all persons without bias and with respect: a) Members must not, directly or indirectly, improperly attempt to supplant another person, and should take all reasonable steps to establish that any previous engagement in relation to the project they are to enter into has been terminated. b) When commenting on another persons work, members must advise that person of their involvement, except for routine or statutory checks or where the members client or employer requires confidentiality.
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c) When competing with another person, and when taking actions likely to adversely affect the professional, business or other interests of another person, members must not act maliciously or recklessly. Members who are responsible for the work of others or who have a management responsibility for other persons failing to take responsibility for the work produced. Members should ensure that they have the knowledge and expertise to effectively oversee the work for which they are accountable.

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Having any form of involvement, whether direct or indirect, and whether for the benefit of the member, the members employer, or a third party, in bribery, extortion, fraud, deception, collusion or any other corrupt activity. Members should be especially rigorous when operating in countries where the offering and accepting of inducements and favours, or the inflation and falsification of claims, is endemic. Members failing to report in accordance with their employing organisations instructions or code of conduct what they know of any corrupt activity in projects in which they or their employing organisation have become engaged.

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Members who are senior managers or senior officers in an organisation failing to properly investigate any suspicion of corruption of which they become aware and for which their organisation may be responsible, or in any other way failing to act with reasonable care in relation to evidence of such corruption. Members who are UK citizens or who work for UK registered companies should be aware that bribery committed anywhere in the world by a UK citizen or a UK registered company is a criminal offence both in the UK and in the country in which the offence is committed. The maximum penalty in the UK for bribery is an unlimited fine and/or imprisonment for seven years. For more information, members should refer to the FCO/DTI leaflet UK Bribery and Corruption Law which is displayed on the ICE website

Being guilty of any form of plagiarism. Plagiarism is using the work of others but presenting it without permission, acknowledgement or reference as if it were the persons original work, e.g. copying electronically by cut and paste from the source document. It will include the use of such material as written text, statistics or similar data, diagrams or illustrations, and photographs.
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Examples of where plagiarism might occur are as follows: reports and publications of any kind including articles and books; and course work or answers in examination papers submitted for academic or professional qualifications. This will include the use of model reports, and model answers to examination questions, where text is copied and used verbatim or with minor alteration. In some circumstances plagiarism might constitute criminal deception, thus rendering the guilty person liable to prosecution and a criminal conviction, and, in the case of published works, civil action for damages where copyright law has been breached.

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Colluding with any form of plagiarism, or failing to exercise reasonable care in relation to evidence of any form of plagiarism. Making untrue or misleading statements in job applications, Curricula Vitae, applications for admission to any grade of ICE membership or grade of membership of any other professional body, and applications for admission to any academic body or institution or for any course of study. In some circumstances this might constitute criminal deception, thus rendering the guilty person liable to prosecution and a criminal conviction .

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Colluding with, or failing to exercise reasonable care in relation to any form of untrue or misleading job application, or any application for admission to any grade of ICE membership or grade of membership of any other professional body, e.g. when acting as a sponsor or referee. References should only be given where the referee is sufficiently familiar with the person to be able to vouch for them authoritatively. To provide a reference where this is not the case, or which is in any way untruthful or misleading, will breach this Rule .

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When acting as expert witnesses, failing to ensure that the testimony they give is both independent and impartial. In such a role, members must be mindful that their prime duty is to the Court or Tribunal, not to the client who engaged them to give evidence, and they should not give any professional opinion that does not accurately reflect their honest professional judgement or belief. To do otherwise would not only place members in danger of perjury but would clearly breach the requirement in the Rules of Professional Conduct to discharge their professional duties with integrity

RULE 2: ALL MEMBERS SHALL ONLY

UNDERTAKE WORK THAT THEY ARE COMPETENT TO DO

Members should be competent in relation to every project that they undertake. They should ensure that, having regard to the nature and extent of their involvement in a project, they have the relevant knowledge and expertise. Where appropriate, this may include access to the knowledge and experience of others, or access to other relevant sources of knowledge, in addition to the members own knowledge and experience. In so doing, they should pay due regard to the laws on copyright and other rights of intellectual property. They must disclose, where appropriate, any relevant limitations upon their competence

RULE 3: ALL MEMBERS SHALL HAVE FULL REGARD FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST,
PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO MATTERS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY, AND IN RELATION TO THE WELL-BEING OF FUTURE GENERATIONS.

The manner in which members could breach this Rule might include the following: Failing to take all reasonable steps to protect the health and safety of members of the public and of those engaged in the project, during construction and the operation and maintenance stages. Reasonable steps will include obeying all legislation relating to health and safety but may extend beyond that to all situations in which there is inadequate statutory provision. Members must not enter into any contracts which compromise this overall responsibility.

Where new or under-tested materials or methods are being used, failing to pay a reasonable level of attention to the public safety implications, and failing to have regard to the possibility that performance of the materials or methods may be worse than forecast. The use of such materials or methods and the risks involved must be drawn specifically to the clients notice . Other matters relating to this Rule would include: Producing competitive bids should not result in the inappropriate exposure to hazard of any person at any time. Members have a duty, as far as is reasonable, to keep abreast of emerging hazards, and to inform interested parties accordingly .

Members must take all reasonable steps to avoid preventable disasters and should act in accordance with relevant good practice; for example, for UKbased members this will be the Royal Academy of Engineering Guidelines for Warnings of Preventable Disasters. If members are in any doubt about the action they should take, they should seek the advice of the Institution . Members should take account of the broader public interest - the interests of all stakeholders in any project must be taken properly into account, including the impact on future generations. This must include regard for the impact upon the society and quality of life of affected individuals, groups or communities, and upon their cultural, archaeological and ethnic heritage, and the broader interests of humanity as a whole.

RULE 5: ALL MEMBERS SHALL DEVELOP THEIR PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND
COMPETENCE ON A CONTINUING BASIS AND SHALL GIVE ALL REASONABLE ASSISTANCE TO FURTHER THE EDUCATION, TRAINING AND CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF OTHERS.

All members have a duty to improve and update technical knowledge, and to keep abreast of relevant developments, including new or changed statutory provisions . Every member has a duty to be pro-active in the training and continuing professional development of others, especially those for whom the member has line management responsibility

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA BANGUNAN INGENIEUR, LOTS 60 & 62, JALAN 52/4, P.O. BOX 223 (JALAN SULTAN) 46720 PETALING JAYA, MALAYSIA 603-7684001/2 603-7577678

HISTORY OF IEM
The story of the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) begins with the nation's independence. The Institution, born exactly 20 months after Merdeka - on May 1, 1959 - has had a marked influence on the engineering profession in the country. Back in 1951, the Building By-laws stated that only those who were registered under the Architects Ordinance 1951, could submit plans to the Local Authorities, but engineers are not allowed to submit building plan. They are only allowed if they registered under Part II of the Architects Ordinance, but this created unsatisfactory feeling. There was a strong need for an Institution to cater the interest of engineers. From 1951-59, the activities of engineers were organised under the joint group of ICE\I Mech E\IEE. The Institution of Engineers was formed in1959 with the objective of advancing the engineering profession. In order to unite all engineers in the country, the Institution has been working towards the registration of engineers since its establishment. In 1967, the Engineers Act was passed with the provision that to register as a Professional Engineer, one must first be a Corporate Member of the Institution.

HISTORY OF IEM History of the Institution At first, to be granted admission to Corporate Membership, one needs only to have five years working experience as an Engineer regardless of what capacity. Later, the Constitution was amended and Professional Interview was introduced. This was to ensure that only engineers having the relevant experience would be admitted to Corporate Membership and could register as a Professional Engineer. It has grown and matured with the nation and its people. It started out with only 60 members. Over the past two and a half decades, its membership has increased more than a hundred-fold to almost 15,000 today, making it one of the largest professional bodies in Malaysia. The close rapport between the IEM and the government has been strengthened over the years. The tangible result of the Government's recognition of IEM was when it accepted qualification for certain posts in the civil service. Besides gaining Government backing, IEM also received its first international recognition when it was admitted into the Commonwealth Engineering Council in 1962.

PAST LEADERS
No history is complete without the people making it. Similarly, IEM has had numerous dedicated and selfless leaders and members who made many sacrifices to nurture and build up the Institution to what it is today - a proud symbol of all engineers in Malaysia.In its 40 years of existence, IEM has had the services of 23 Presidents. They represent various engineering disciplines.

The founder President was Ir. Tan Sri Yusoff Haji Ibrahim who served a four-year term. He was succeeded by another able leader, Ir. Raja Tan Sri Zainal bin Raja Suleiman, who was then the General Manager of LLN. (now known as TNB). Twenty-one other Presidents came after him and each in his own way left an indelible mark on the IEM and shaped its destiny.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives and purposes of which the Institution is constituted are to promote and advance the theory and practice of engineering in all its disciplines and to: raise the character and status and advance the interests of the profession; increase the confidence of the community in the employment of recognised engineers by admitting to the Institution only such persons who have adequate knowledge of both the theory and practice of engineering. promote honest practice, prevent malpractice and settle disputed points of practice and ethics; collect and disseminate engineering information; arrange lectures, exhibitions and conferences, seminars, courses; encourage the study of engineering and improve the general and technical knowledge of persons engaged in the profession; originate and promote improvements in legislation and its administration by deputation, submissions and representations.

LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL AFFILIATIONS AND RECOGNITION

Over the years, IEM has gained recognition not only locally but also internationally.

IEM is an active member of several International Engineering Organisations. They include the World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO), Commonwealth Engineers Council (CEC), Federation of Engineering Institutions of Southeast Asia and the Pacific (FEISEAP), Association of Engineering Education of Southeast Asia (AEESEA), Asean Federation of Engineering Organisations (AFEO).

The Institution is also represented on various local committees and organisations like Balai Iktisas Malaysia (BIM), Standards & Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM), World Energy Organisation (WEO) and many others.

SECTION IX PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT & DISCIPLINE

9.1 Every member shall be bound by the Constitution, Bylaws and Regulations of the Institution. 9.2 Every Corporate Member shall at all times so order his conduct as to uphold the dignity and reputation of his profession, and to safeguard the public interest in matters of safety and health and otherwise. He shall exercise his professional skill and judgement to the best of his ability and discharge his professional responsibility with integrity.

9.3 Every member of any grade shall at all times so order his conduct as to uphold the dignity and reputation of the Institution, and act with fairness and integrity towards all persons with whom his work is connected and other members. 9.4 For the purpose of ensuring fulfilment of the requirements of Sections 9.2 and 9.3 of the Bylaws, but without prejudice to their generality, the Council may make, vary and rescind the Professional Conduct Regulations to be observed by all members of all grades with regard to their conduct in any respect which may be relevant to their positions or intended positions as members of the Institution, and may publish directions or pronouncements to the specific conduct which is to be regarded as proper or as improper as the case may be.

9.6 Every member of any grade in so far as he shall be engaged or employed in any advisory or consultative capacity, shall observe and be bound by the followingCode of Professional Conduct and the Professional Conduct Regulations made thereunder. (a) He shall act strictly in a fiduciary manner in relation to his clients, and his charges to such clients shall constitute his only remuneration in connection with such work, except as provided by paragraph (d) of this Bylaw. (b) He shall not accept any trade commissions, discounts, allowances, or indirect profit in connection with the work upon which he is engaged.

(c) He shall not, without disclosing the fact in writing to his clients, be a director or member of, or a shareholder in or act as agent for, any contracting or manufacturing company or firm business with which he may have occasion to deal on behalf of his clients, or have any financial interest in such a business. (d) He shall not receive, directly or indirectly, any royalty, gratuity or commission on any patented or protected article or process used on work which he is carrying out for his clients, unless such royalty, gratuity, or commission has been authorised in writing by those clients.

(e) He shall not under any circumstances solicit advisory or consultative work, either directly or by an agent, nor shall he pay, by commission or otherwise, any person who may introduce clients to him. (f) He shall not be the medium of payments made on his clients behalf to any contractor, or business firm (unless specially so requested by his clients), but shall only issue certificates or recommendations for payment by his clients.

CODE OF ETHICS In today's specialised technologically based society there is a great dependence on the sound judgment and integrity of the professional engineer. The further development of civilisation, the conservation and management of natural resources, and the improvement of the standards of living of mankind are greatly affected by the work of the engineer. For that work to be fully effective it is necessary not only that engineers strive constantly to widen their knowledge and improve their skill but also that the community be willing to recognise the integrity and trust the judgment of members of the profession of engineering. For this to happen the profession must be recognised in the community for: its skill in using technical expertise for the enhancement of human welfare; its loyalty to the community, to employers and clients; its honesty and impartiality in professional practice. Because of the importance on these matters the Institution has a Code of Ethics. The preamble to the Code states: ... members are required to order their conduct in accordance with the principle that, in any conflict between a member's personal interest and fair and honest dealing with other members of the Community, his duty to the Community must prevail.

THE CODE OF ETHICS BY INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA

The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM), primary role is to cover all major disciplines of engineering practiced in Malaysia. It is governed by Constitution and by-laws which include the regulation of professional conduct.It is being managed by a Council which consists of elected members. The Council will delegate the day to day management of the Institution to an Executive Committee which oversees six standing committees on finance, admissions, examination & qualification, publication, activities and professional practice. The principal duties of the Standing Committee on Professional Practice are as follows:a) To review, co-ordinate and formulate policies on all aspect of professional practice among members of the Institution including the conduct, ethics, discipline and good technical practice. To liaise with other professional bodies, public and statutory authorities To examine and report to the Executive Committee on any complaint made against a member of the Institution.

b) c)

BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

Under the Section 15 of the Engineers Act 1967, the Board may order the cancellation of the registration of any engineer, if: 1. 2. 3. He is guilty of fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude; The accepts of illicit commission; Failed to disclose to his/her client any vested financial interest in dealings with the client. There are other grounds for de-registration but these are not related to ethics. ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA (ACEM) The ACEM is a non-profit limited company, incorporated under the Companies Act in 1963. The affairs of the ACEM are governed by their memorandum and articles of association. The main objective of ACEM is to promote the interests of all Consulting Engineers and Consulting Engineering as a profession. The philosophy of ACEM is that the members should uphold high principles and established themselves as an elite group of unbiased professional engineers who can be trusted to give independent and unbiased professional advice which is completely unfettered by the possibility of conflicts of interest arising due to a Consulting Engineers excessive involvement in business or other commercial ventures, especially with his/her nature of work.

COMPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF IEM, BEM & ACEM CODE OF ETHICS The three major Professional Engineering bodies to which engineers may be affiliated are: 1. The Board of Engineers (BEM), which is a statutory body governed by the Engineers Act 1967 and with which an Engineer must registered before he/she can be employed or practise as an Engineer. The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM). which is a learned society registered under the Societys Act. Membership is voluntary but the professional standards set by IEM for membership are accepted by BEM as qualifications for registration as a Professional Engineer (PE). Most PE are IEM members. The Association of Consulting Engineers, Malaysia (ACEM), is a nonprofit organisation comprising of Consulting Engineers. Its objective is to promote the interest of Consulting Engineering as a profession. All the three bodies have their own Code of Ethics designed too suit their specific requirement according to the objectives of each body constituted.

2.

3.

BEM Code of Professional Conduct are amenable and have clear interpretation because of its legal connotations and would be enforceable in law. Issues of morality and philosophy would be ineffective in law since it is impossible to legislate moral or philosophical principles. Therefore, the BEM code can distinguished between legal and illegal cases. BEM lays down minimum baseline rules which are enforceable in law and must be observed by all engineers registered under the Engineers Act. The IEM Regulations on Professional Conduct tend to be general because IEM members comprise of various engineering disciplines, as well as types of professional employment and businesses. IEM Code embraces many areas involving moral and philosophical considerations including public safety & health, conservation of resources & environment, upgrading of technology, engineers responsibility and the conduct of affairs between Engineer and employees, clients and peers. There is a provision in the IEM by-laws that disciplinary cases are referred to BEM for appropriate action. The ACEM Code is designed to order conduct of Consulting Engineers in areas like advertising and promotion of works, fees and other remuneration, competition with other members, submission of bids or proposals and related subject. ACEM members are bound to observe the Codes of both BEM and IEM (if they are also IEM members) and details rules to govern the conduct of Consulting Engineers business. The ACEM Code is designed to maintain strict discipline amongst their members to ensure that they maintain their independent professional status without excessive commercial involvement which may give rise to conflict of interest.

PURPOSE OF PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEW (P.I) The Professional Interview (P.I) is conducted by interviewers on behalf of the IEM Council. It is intended to test the candidates: a) b) c) Grasp of engineering principles application in solving problems that arise from investigation, planning, design or construction of engineering works or research Capability to accept professional responsibility Ability to communicate

The Professional Interview Eligibility The objective of the P.I., is to ensure that a candidate wishing to be elected as a Corporate Member has a minimum period of engineering experience. Under the Engineers Act 1972, stipulated that the candidate must: 1. 2. 3. Be a registered graduate engineer with BEM Have completed 2 years of service with the government sector i.e. DID or JKR (only applicable to Civil Engineers) Undergo a training stint either through the IEM Log Book Scheme for a period of 3 years or independently under P.E supervision preferably in the same discipline for a period of 4 years.

PREPARATION FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERVIEW A P.I candidate must submit documents showing evidence of his/her engineering experience. It can be in form of drawings with calculation attached. The candidate must also submit a report in chronological order describing the work he has undertaken since graduation. The report must indicate clearly the engineering problems encountered by the candidate and his/her solution to overcome this situation. The candidate needs to have an understanding of cost, quantities & magnitude, knowledge of technical standards and code of practices and the various restrictions on their applications in solving the problem encountered. The purpose of ORAL interview is to clarify certain points stated in the report and to ascertain whether the candidate did carry out the job. The engineering experience gained should include planning-design, investigation-field, workconstruction, supervision & management and general engineering related activities. After the oral session, the candidate is required to write two essays. The reason is to allow the candidate a chance to clarify certain points that were not properly expressed during the interview.The second essay is on the code of ethics.

THE ATTRIBUTES OF A MODERN ENGINEER During the interview, the candidate is assessed whether he/she is worthy enough to be accepted as a corporate member of the Institution. The candidate should be: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Technically competent Able to conceptualise Able to plan and modify when situation changes whilst still maintaining the goal of the plan Competent in design assemble facts, arranging them, analysing and judging before drawing a conclusion Cost conscious and able to make cost comparisons Able to communicate write, sketch, speak and respond. Able to develop management skills especially in human relations, decision making, to lead and be a team advisor or coordinator Able to advocate and to champion the conclusions reached by his/her professional competence and to show by examples that ethics and high integrity are fundamental in professional service.

7.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING The electrical engineer is concerned with the generation, transmission and utilisation of electrical energy; with industrial control and industrial electronics; and with application electronics to such diverse fields as communications, computers, instrumentation, medicine and automatic control. Because of the diversity of electrical engineering, opportunities are available in virtually every phase of industrial activity and government service. Electrical engineers are in demand in manufacturing, mining, transportation, construction, utilities, communications,oil exploration and product development. For those with an interest in computer hardware or software, the increasing use of minicomputers and microprocessors in instrumentation, medical and diagnostic services, signal processing and industrial process control has lead to challenging opportunities. After extensive experience in any of these fields, an electrical engineer may offer his services as a consultant.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Mechanical engineers are not limited in their employment to only one or two industrial sectors, and job openings for mechanical engineers comprise an unending range of opportunities. The education of a mechanical engineer covers a broad range of topics including the mechanics of materials, machine dynamics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, automatic control and computer-aided design. In addition to the traditional role of mechanical engineers in the development of machinery, the graduates are increasingly taking a role in the development of robots for advanced manufacturing systems, in automation of industrial processes, in naval architecture and in bioengineering.

TECHNICAL DIVISIONS

In order to implement the learned society function of the Institution more effectively, the following Technical Divisions have been established within the structure of the Institution: Agriculture and Food Engineering Building Services Chemical Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Electrical Engineering Engineering Education Environmental Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Graduate & Student Section Highway and Transportation Engineering Information Technology Special Interest Group Mechanical Engineering

TECHNICAL DIVISIONS Oil and Gas Production and Manufacturing Engineering Tunneling and Underground Space Water Resources Engineering

There is also a Graduate & Student Section. Each Division/Section is run by a Division/Section Committee and is responsible for conducting its affairs within general policies laid down by the Council. Divisions/Sections are serviced through the National Headquarters of the Institution.

MEMBERSHIP GRADES There are six grades of members, viz. Honorary Fellows, Fellows, Members, Graduates, Students and Affiliates, of which the first three are corporate grades, i.e. they have been recognised by the Institution as qualified and experienced professional engineers. The Honorary Fellows are also awarded to nonengineers, who are prominent and have contributed to the development of engineering and sciences. Y.B. Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamed is one such Hon. F.l.E.M). The requirements for these grades are: Honorary fellow: Honorary Fellow shall be a distinguished person of acknowledged eminence whom the Institution desires to honour for services rendered to the engineering profession. Honorary Fellowship shall only be conferred by the Council. Fellow: There shall be no direct admission to this grade. Admission shall only be by transfer from the grade of Member. To be eligible for transfer to the grade of Fellow, a Member shall have satisfied the Council that he is worthy of transfer to this grade. Member: A Member, at the time of his advancement or election to this grade, shall have satisfied the Council that he has attained such standard as set by the Council to testify to his proficiency as a professional engineer, and that he is worthy of election as Member.

MEMBERSHIP GRADES Graduate: A Graduate shall be a person who, with respect to his age, his educational attainments, his practical training, his employment and otherwise, complies with such of the Bylaws and Regulations as applied to Graduates. Affiliate: An Affiliate shall be a person who has had the necessary experience in a responsible position in engineering or a person who, by his connection with engineering science or the arts or otherwise, is qualified to concur with professional engineers in the advancement of engineering knowledge. Student: A Student shall be a person who, with respect of his age, his education attainments and otherwise, complies with such of the Bylaws and Regulations as applied to Students. Applications for admission to all grades of membership should be made on forms available from National Headquarters or any Branch Office.

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Entrance and Transfer Fees An entrance/transfer fee payable for the grade of membership to which the applicant is admitted, elected or transferred shall be due and payable as of the date of admission. Election or transfer to that grade, as follows:(a) Member who has been a graduate member for at least two years before applying for election. RM 100.00 2. who does not fulfil the requirements in (a)(1) above. RM 350.00 (b) Graduate who has been a student member for at least one year and who applies for transfer to this grade of membership within ninety days after graduation in engineering from a recognised institution. RM 50.00 2. who does not fulfil the requirements in (b)(1) above. RM 80.00 (c) Affiliate RM 200.00 (d) Student None Subject to the above, there shall be no other transfer fee payable on changing from one grade of membership to another.

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Annual Subscription The annual subscription payable by membership wherever resident, shall be as follows:Fellows RM 185.00 Members RM 110.00 Affiliates RM 110.00 Graduates, who on the 1st Jan. have attained the age of 30 RM 110.00 have not attained the age of 30 RM 70.00 Students, who on the 1st Jan. have attained the age of 24 RM 70.00 have not attained the age of 24 RM 20.00 Notwithstanding the above, any student member who has attained the age of 24 years and can produce evidence that he is still a bona fide student of an institution of higher learning or that he is registered for the Institution's Graduate Examination shall pay the same rate as a Student member below the age of 24.

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS Fellow Entering this grade shall be only by transfer from the grade of member A member for transfer must not be less than 35 years of age and -who have served as Corporate Member of IEM of not less than 5 years employment in position of major responsibility in planning, design, execution or management of important engineering work -Is in a responsible position in his organization and has occupied a prominent position in the profession of engineering , and has either made noteworthy contribution to the science of engineering or materially advanced the practice of engineering -Submits the IEM Form (F) together with Organization chart -Position served to be highlighted -Signatories of 6 engineers of which 4 are members and 2 are Fellow members -Brief tabulation of experience

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Affiliate -Shall be required to produce evidence to the satisfaction of the IEM Council -That he is connected with the engineering profession, and -That he is a graduate from a university / college of recognised standing and has been in the active practice of his special pursuit for not less than five years or -That he has been in active practice of his special pursuit for not less than ten years, and he has had responsible charge in his special pursuit as principal or assistant for not less than three years -Submits application form IEM/PI(1) -Birth certificate -Degree certificate and transcript -Evidence of working experience.

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Graduate -A candidate for admission or transfer into this grade shall be not less than 21 years of age and shall produce evidence to the satisfaction of the IEM Council -That he has graduated in engineering from a recognised university with an accredited engineering degree or has obtained an equivalent qualification. -Submits application form IEM(G) -Birth certificate (only admission cases) -Registration letter as a graduate engineer with the Board of Engineers, Malaysia -Degree and Diploma certificates together with transcripts -Evidence to show discipline/branch of engineering if the information is not in certificate -STPM/SPM/GCE/Matriculation certificate or equivalent -All United Kingdom graduate must produce evidence to show applicant had spent 2 years in the university in United Kingdom.

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Student - A student shall be a person who is not less than 17 years of age - The student should be studying engineering in a recognised university or college of equivalent academic standing or - A student pursuing a course of engineering approved by the IEM Council or - Candidate enrolled for Part I or Part II of the IEM /BEM Graduate Examination or Examination of an overseas professional institution recognised by the IEM Council -Submits application form IEM(S) and -Birth certificate -Diploma Certificate and transcripts -STPM/SPM/GCE certificate or equivalent -Letter from Vice-Chancellor or Head of Department (local university only) or -Approval letter to sit for IEM/BEM Graduate Examination/Engineering Council Examination

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

Member -A candidate for election into this grade shall produce evidence to the satisfaction of the IEM Council that he is worthy of election and -That he has a graduate qualification as approved by the IEM Council and -Is a graduate engineer for a minimum period of three to four or six years or based on period specified by IEM/BEM. i.e. -Working experience of 3 years or more for those graduating prior to 1.1.1998 -Working experience of 4-6 years or more (depending on period specify by IEM/BEM) for those graduating after 1.1.1998 -Preferably the candidate must be working under the guidance of a Professional Engineer. -(Working experience means practical experience in engineering in a manner satisfactory to the Council ie in planning, design, executive or management of such works as are comprised within the profession of engineering , or in engineering research, or the teaching of engineering in a course leading to a qualification). or

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS

That he has had a formal course of education and training to be an engineer, has had at least 15 years' employment in positions of full responsibility in the design and/or execution of engineering work and fulfil the requirements as a special candidate as specified in the Regulations governing the conduct of the Professional Interview and oral Examination - Submits application form IEM/PI (1) and IEM/PI (2)-in duplicates - Birth certificate (only for Election cases) - BEM Registration Letter as a Graduate Engineer (Election cases) -Degree and Diploma certificates together with transcripts - Evidence to show discipline/branch of engineering if the information is not in certificate - STPM/SPM/GCE/Matriculation certificate or equivalent - All United Kingdom graduate must produce evidence to show applicant had spent 2 years in the university in United Kingdom.

FEES AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS -Payment of PI fees:-RM 100.00 - for transfer cases -RM 200.00 - for Election cases Form completed with -1 proposer, 3 seconders -Experience clearly tabulated after the date of graduation and breakdown of experience recorded in months -Signatures of 2 engineers to verify experience on each page of the form -For Civil Engineering candidates, at least 1 year site and 1 year design experience are required -Form IEM/PI (3) to be submitted when called for Interview -Name will be circulated in IEM Bulletin for a month -IEM form will be submitted when the Interviewers called for interview

BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA CIRCULAR NO. 3/2005 GUIDELINES for CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

(2) The Board shall consist of the following members who shall be Malaysian citizens and who are appointed by the Minister: [Act A1158] (a) a President who shall be a Professional Engineer; [Act A1158] (b) not more than fourteen members who shall be Professional Engineers, five of whom shall be from a nomination list submitted by the Council of the Institution of Engineers (Malaysia); [Act A1158] (c) one member on the nomination of the Board of Architects from among members of that Board established under the Architects Act 1967; and [Act A1158] (d) one member on the nomination of the Board of Quantity Surveyors from among members of that Board established under the Quantity Surveyors Act 1967.

(iii) using the abbreviation Ir. before his name or the abbreviation P.Eng. after his name or in any way in association with his name; (b) use or display any sign, board, card or other device representing or implying that he is a Professional Engineer; (c) be entitled to recover in any court any fee, charge, remuneration or other form of consideration for any professional engineering services rendered; or (d) use the stamp as prescribed in the Second Schedule.

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) (a) a Graduate Engineer may, subject to section 8, take up employment which requires him to perform professional engineering services; and (b) a person who is a Professional Engineer by virtue of paragraph 10(2)(iii) as in force on the appointed date and who, on the 1st March, 1974, was not practising as an engineer in private practice shall not, at any time after that date, so practise unless (i) he holds a certificate from the Board that he has obtained a professional qualification approved by the Board; or (ii) he is a Corporate Member of the Institution of Engineers (Malaysia).

RESTRICTIONS ON

UNREGISTERED PERSONS, GRADUATE ENGINEERS

7. (1) No person shall, unless he is a Professional Engineer (a) practise, carry on business or take up employment which requires him to carry out or perform professional engineering services; (aa) be entitled to describe himself or hold himself out under any name, style or (i) bearing the words "Professional Engineer" or the equivalent thereto in any other language; (ii) bearing any other word whatsoever in any language which may reasonably be construed to imply that he is a Professional Engineer; or

QUALIFICATIONS FOR REGISTRATION. [ACT A1158]

10. (1) (a) Subject to this Act, a person who holds (i) the qualifications required for Graduate Membership of the Institution of Engineers (Malaysia) and which are recognised by the Board; or (ii) any qualification in engineering which is recognised by the Board, shall be entitled on application to be registered as a Graduate Engineer.

(b) Subject to this Act, a person who is registered as a Graduate Engineer under paragraph (a) shall be required to obtain such practical experience as may be prescribed by the Board in order to be entitled to apply for registration as a Professional Engineer under subsection (2).

1.0 A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public. 2.0 A Registered Engineer shall undertake assignments only if he is qualified by education and experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved. 3.0 A Registered Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. 4.0 A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer or clients as faithful agent or trustee. 5.0 A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself honourably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the profession.

ROAD TO A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER

Get a recognize degree by Board of Engineer Malaysia (BEM) Upon graduation register as graduate engineer with BEM 22. (1) The practical experience that a Graduate Engineer is required to obtain under section 10(1)(b) of the Act so as to be entitled to apply for registration as a Professional Engineer shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Board, for a period of at least three years, and shall include the following:

(a) the Graduate Engineer must undergo - [P.U. (A) 424./2003] (i) at least two years of general training that will provide a sound basis for professional development; and (ii) at least one year of professional career development and training providing wide exposure to the various managerial and technical expertise in engineering practice, where at least one year of the training must be obtained in Malaysia under the supervision of a Professional Engineer in the same branch of engineering as that practised by the Graduate Engineer, although Professional Engineers in other related branches of engineering may be accepted with the prior approval of the Board; and

(b) the Graduate Engineer must have satisfactory attendance in courses and professional development programmes determined by the Board, and conducted by the Board or institutions approved or accredited by the Board