CEE 4674: Airport Planning and Design

Spring 2011

Assignment 5: Geometric Design Standards

Date Due: Solution Instructor: Trani

Problem #1
A new airport is expected to serve corporate jets. Representative aircraft expected to operate at the airport are: the Cessna Citation Sovereign (C680), the Bombardier Learjet 45, and the Bombardier Challenger 300, among others. The airport located at sea level is expected to have a 6,500 foot runway and an instrument landing system with an approach procedure with visibility minima down to 1/2 miles (ILS Category I equivalent approach). The airport will have an ILS landing system. a) Determine the dimensions of the complete runway and taxiway layout shown in Figure 1 (for the new airport). Clearly indicate the FAA standards used including the tables consulted in the FAA advisory circular 150/5300-13.

Figure 1. Simplified Airport Layout for Problem 1. Table 1. Dimensions for Critical Aircraft (source: Airliners.net). Critical Aircraft is ADG C-II. All Aircraft Belong to that Aircraft Design Group. Dimension Length (ft) Wingspan (ft) Cessna 680 18.87m (61ft 10in) 19.24m (63ft 1in) Bombardier 45 17.68m (58ft 0in) 14.57m (47ft 10in) Challenger 300 20.93m (68ft 8in) 19.46m (63ft 10in)

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Dimension Approach Speed (knots)

Cessna 680 120 (http:// www.flightglobal.com/ pdfarchive/view/ 2004/2004-09%20%201941.html) C-II

Bombardier 45 128 (Learjet 55 speed from FAA AC/ 150-5300-13)

Challenger 300 125 (similar to CL-600 from FAA AC/ 150-5300-13)

FAA ADG

C-II

C-II

Table 2. Dimensions of Critical Elements of the Airfield. Runways with lower than 3/4-statue mile (1200m) approach visibility minimums and ADG C-II. Dimension B C D E G J K P Q R W Z Value 100 ft (30 m) 500 feet (150 m) 400 feet permissible 400 feet (90 m) 79 ft (24 m) 500 feet (150 m) 105 ft (32 m) 65.5 ft (20) 1000 ft (300 m) 800 ft (240 m) 1000 ft (300 m) 35 ft (10.5 m) 57.5 ft (17.5 m) 3-3 3-3 2-2 4-1 2-2 2-3 2-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 4-1 Calculated from Taxilane Object Free Area width of 115 ft. Table in FAA AC 150/5300-13

b) Find the width and size of the runway and taxiway shoulders and blast pad areas needed at this airport. Runway and taxiway shoulder width are 10 feet (3 meters). Blast pad area dimensions are 120 x 150 feet (36 x 45 meters). c) Find the closest distance perpendicular to the runway to build a 50-foot tall hangar on the North side of the airport (top of the diagram). Inspect all surfaces that apply to this problem.

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Check OFZ Inner Transitional Surface The airport has a Category 1 ILS system. Consideration should be given to the Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ Requirements). The FAA defines a large aircraft one whose weight is greater than 12,500 lb. (5,700 kg.). All three aircraft defined in Table 1 are considered Large aircraft according to this definition.

Figure 2. Definition of OFZ Inner Transitional Surfaces (source: FAA).

Figure 3. Calculated OFZ Vertical Profiles for Cat I and Cat II Instrument Approach Conditions. 79 feet is the MOst demanding Aircraft Wingspan in ADG C-II. The height of the OFZ 200 feet from the runway satisfies the 50 foot height of the hangar. Therefore, OFZ is not the controlling surface.

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Check Minimum Distance to Fixed or Movable Object According to the FAA, the minimum distance from a runway centerline to a fixed object is 500 feet (150 m). Check FAR Part 77 Transitional Surface Another surface to check is the standard transitional surface (FAR Part 77). For the airport in question the primary surface is 1,000 feet wide for an instrument runway. This implies the primary surface ends 500 ft from the runway centerline on either side. The transitional surface slopes at rate of 7:1 up to 150 feet from the end of the primary surface. A 50 foot hangar cannot be less than 850 feet (500 feet of primary surface + 350 feet of height of the transition surface) from the runway centerline. This is the most demanding criteria.

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Problem #2
A 9,100 foot long runway for at an existing airport has two longitudinal grades (from left to right) at -0.65% and +0.47% with a point of intersection located at station 4,300 from the left threshold. a) Can this runway be used at the airport to support commercial operations. Comment on the answer. The runway meets the maximum grade change (< 1.5%) The runway meets the minimum 0.8% grade at each end of the runway The runway meets the maximum longitudinal grade of 1.5% The runway can be used for commercial operations b) Design a transition curve for the runway using a symmetric parabola. Specify the elevations (every 10 feet) as a function of the station (in feet). Refer to the formulas on page 41 of the handout to create a symmetrical parabola. Use Excel or Matlab to simplify your work. The parabolic transition curve starts at station 3,740 (feet) from the runway end (from left threshold). Using the slopes -.65 and 0.47 and 1,120 feet as the length of the curve we obtain the curve shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Parabolic Transition Curve for Runway of Problem # 2. c) Find the maximum permissible longitudinal grade for the runway safety area of the runway. According to the FAA, the maximum permissible longitudinal grade for the first 200 feet of the runway safety area is -3%. Then up to -5% is allowed beyond the primary surface. d) Find the maximum permissible transversal grade for the runway shoulder. According to the FAA, the maximum permissible transversal grade for the runway is 5% (minimum is 1.5%).

Problem #3
Consider La Guardia (LGA). Use Google Earth and Airnav Systems to construct a scale drawing of the airport two runways. The largest aircraft operating at LGA is a Boeing 767-300 aircraft.

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a) Construct a visibility polygon for LGA intersecting runways. State the dimensions of the polygon in the drawing and the rule used to construct the polygon.

Figure 5. LGA Runway Visibility Polygon. b) Use Google Earth to locate any buildings, hangars or other fixed objects that could compromise the visibility at the airport. There are terminal buildings that are inside the LGA visibility polygon (see Figure 5).

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Problem #4 a) A new airport with a 9,100 foot runway requires runway exits. The airport authority wants to to locate two high-speed exits for
the runway. The runway should also have two right angle exits (at either end of the line). Table 3. Aircraft Parameters for Problem 4. Refer to Matlab Code in Notes 9 Handout for Explanations. All other Parameters are Assumed to Take the Values Defined in the Handout.

Aircraft Group
Small single-engine GA aircraft

Parameters
Approach speed = 105 knots Touchdown location = 280 meters Average deceleration = -1.60 m/s-s Free roll time = 2.0 seconds Approach speed = 125 knots Touchdown location = 350 meters Average deceleration = -1.75 m/s-s Free roll time = 2.0 seconds Approach speed = 143 knots Touchdown location = 450 meters Average deceleration = -1.50 m/s-s Free roll time = 2.0 seconds

Representative Aircraft (REDIM Name)

Cessna 208, Piper Saratoga

Business jets

Cessna 550 (CE-550), Learjet 31 (Learjet 31),

Medium-size transport aircraft

Boeing 737-400 (B-737-400), Airbus A320 (A-320-200)

b) Find three right angle runway exit locations (one for each aircraft group) using the three point method. Consider that the runway is used from both directions. Add a fourth runway exit at the end of each runway end. Using the Matlab code provided we find the following optimal exit locations for 3 exits and three aircraft groups. For GA aircraft: Flare distance = 280 meters Transition distance = 103.4351 meters Braking distance = 612.8786 meters Total Distance to Runway Exit = 996.3136 meters For Business jet aircraft: Flare distance = 350 meters Transition distance = 123.0227 meters Braking distance = 835.5941 meters Total Distance to Runway Exit = 1308.6168 meters For medium-size transport aircraft: Flare distance = 450 meters Transition distance = 140.6515 meters Braking distance = 1318.544 meters

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Total Distance to Runway Exit = 1909.1955 meters Table 4. Optimal Runway Exit Locations for Problem # 4. Runway Exit 1 2 3 4 (last exit on runway) 1000 1300 1910 2774 Location (m) Type / Exit Speed (m/s) 90-deg / 8 m/s 90-deg / 8 m/s 90-deg / 8 m/s 90-deg / 8 m/s

Figure 6. Optimal Runway Exit Locations (Landing from Left to Right).

Figure 7. Possible Compromise Runway Exit Locations (bi-directional use). Runway Exits are Close to the Optimal Locations.

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Since the runway is expected to be used on both runway ends, try to establish runway exit locations that can be symmetrically placed along the runway but close to the optimal locations found. This is illustrated in Figure 7.

Problem #5 a) Design a taxiway-taxiway intersection for a Boeing 767-300 aircraft using the FAA design criteria. Provide dimensions for L, F
and R (as a minimum). The Boeing 767-300 is ADG IV. The dimensions of the taxiway-taxiway intersection are: a) L = 250 feet, F = 85 feet (tracking the centerline), c) R = 150 feet and d) taxiway width = 75 feet.

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