Honors Chemistry

Name ____Heidi_Kwan________________ Period: 3 Date: November 1st 2013

U n i t 2 : M o l e C o n c e p t

Hydrated Compound Lab

Have you ever wondered what those little packets of chemicals are that usually comes with a new pair of shoes? When you unpack a new CD player, television, or a bottle of medicine, the container usually contains one or more packets of desiccant. The packet absorbs moisture in the air so that the equipment will not be damaged. The chemical inside the packet contains a type of salt that has the ability to bind water molecules within their lattice structure. These compounds are known as hydrate crystals. In this lab, you will be dehydrating a chemical hydrate and determine the amount of water that will be evaporated away and the anhydrous salt that will be left over. Materials: Crucible Clay Triangle Ring Clamps Metal Stand Bunsen burner Lighter Scale Tongs Spoon Copper

Procedure: 1. Set up a metal stand with a ring clamp. 2. Place the clay triangle on the ring clamp. 3. Place a Bunsen burner directly underneath the clay triangle.

4. Weigh crucible. 5. Put the mixture into the crucible using a spoon. 6. Weigh the mixture and crucible together.

7. Put the crucible on the clay triangle and turn the Bunsen burner on and use the lighter to start the flame.

8. Wait until the mixture turns from blue to white as the water evaporates. 9. Take the crucible of the clay triangle using the tongs. 10. Weigh the crucible. 11. Set crucible back on the clay triangle and heat it a second time. 12. Weigh the crucible again. 13. Clean up your station. 14. Begin the conversions.

Object Crucible Crucible + CuSO4 CuSO4 with _H20 Crucible +CuSO4 after first heating H2O

Mass 18.84g 21.84g 3.000g 20.39g 0.8660g

What is the mass of the ionic compound without water (also called the anhydrous compound)? How many moles is this? Mass of crucible with dehydrated salt= 20.32 g CuSO4 Mass of crucible= 18.84 g

20.32 g CuSO4 - 18.84 g = 1.49g CuSO4 (anhydrous compound) Cu = 63.55g S = 32.07g O4 = 16.00g (4) =64.00g 63.55g + 32.07g + 64.00g = 159.6g of CuSO4 /1 mole

1.49 gCuSO4

1mol = 0.0093molsCuSO4 159.6 gCuSO4

What is the mass of the water heated away? How many moles is this? Mass of crucible with hydrated salt= 21.84 g Mass of crucible with dehydrated salt= 20.39 g 21.84 g - 20.39 g = 1.522g H2O H2 = 1.008g (2) = 2.016g O = 16.00g 2.016g+16.00g=18.02g H2O/1mol

1.522 gH 2O

1mol = 0.0845molsH 2O 18.02 gH 2O

What is the mole ratio of the ionic compound to the water? 0.0093 CuSO4:0.0845 H2O 9H2O: 1CuSO4

What is the formula of the reactant hydrate compound? CuSO49H2O What is the name of this compound? Copper (II) Sulfate Nonahydrate Discussion Questions: Make sure to address the following questions in your discussion section: Would the error cause your ratio to increase or decrease? 1. What was the actual ratio you obtained (with all significant digits)? 9.03 H2O: 1CuSO4 2. What was your rounded ratio to whole numbers? 9 H2O: CuSO4 3. Is your actual ratio higher or lower than the rounded ratio? The actual ratio is higher than the rounded ratio. 4. Research what the actual ratio should be. 5 H2O: CuSO4

5. The actual ratio should be 5 H2O: CuSO4 6. Is your answer too high or too low? My answer is too high. 7. What is the percent error?

9.03 - 5 100 = 44.8% 9

The percent error is 45% 8. How would your ratio change if you did not dehydrate the compound fully? The ratio would have been considerably smaller, because the water would have added weight to the compound thus making it heavier. 9. Suppose some of the compound fell out of the test tube before heating but after massing. How would that change your ratio? The ratio would be a lot greater because more weight would be perceived as lost from evaporation than there should thus making the ratio bigger. 10. How would your ratio change if the test tube was wet when the hydrated compound was added to it at the beginning of the experiment? The starting mass would be greater because of the extra water therefor more water would need to evaporate making the ratio higher. 11. How would your ratio relate to another groups who used the same compound, if you used 2.0 grams and they used 2.5grams? It would be the same because the amount of the compound doesnt matter just the ratio of water to compound matters, which isn't dependent on how much of it one has. 12. Suggest what might happen if you left the anhydrous compound to sit overnight before weighing it for your data? The anhydrous compound would absorb moisture from the air, making the mole ratio smaller because the compound would gain more weight before you weighed it. 13. If you could improve this lab, what you do differently and why? Discuss at least three feasible improvements and why with reference to the other discussion questions and errors. (Note: relate this to #1 and the answers for the other questions). If I were to do this lab again I would definitely make improvements. I would make sure the crucible was completely dry, because if it isn't than the ratio would be a lot smaller. The minor things in this lab turn out to be pretty major so I would make sure to lookout for them. Such as just using the scale, to mass everything several times just to make sure the data was completely accurate. Lastly, I would leave the crucible over the fire longer. The longer the crucible with the compound is over the fire the more water is evaporating and the less of a chance that some water was left behind when massing it the second time. If water did stay when massing it for the second time the mole ratio would be less because there would be less of a difference between the hydrated and dehydrated salt. All these small things added together contribute to the final percentage error which turned out to be 45%, which is pretty big.

Conclusion Statement: In conclusion, we used the hydrated CuSO4 compound and evaporated all the water from it to find the ratio of H20 to CuSO4. Overall our data had some errors as we came up with a 9:1 ratio rather than the actual 5:1 ratio.