Worksheet NRR/DSSA/SPLB 1, Rev.

METHOD FOR PREDICTING TEMPERATURE IN A ROOM FIRE WITH NATURAL VENTILATION

The following calculations estimate the hot gas layer temperature in enclosure fire. Parameters should be specified ONLY IN THE RED INPUT PARAMETER BOXES. All subsequent values are calculated by the spreadsheet, and based on values specified in the input parameters.

INPUT PARAMETERS
COMPARTMENT INFORMATION Compartment Width (wc) Compartment Length (lc) Compartment Height (hc) Vent Width (wv) Vent Height (hv) Interior Lining Thickness (d) AMBIENT CONDITIONS Ambient Air Temperature (T0) Specific Heat of Air (cp) Ambient air Density (r0) THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ENCLOSING SURFACES Interior Lining Thermal Inertia (krc) Interior Lining Thermal Conductivity (k) Interior Lining Specific Heat (cp) Interior Lining Density (r) 15.00 feet 15.00 feet 10.00 feet 4.00 feet 6.00 feet 1.00 feet 77.00 F 1 kJ/kg-K
3 1.18 kg/m

4.572 m 4.572 m 3.048 m

1.2192 m 1.8288 m 0.3048 m

25 C 298 K

2 0.0014 0.88 2000

(kW/m2-C)2-sec kW/m-K kJ/kg-K

kg/m3

INTERIOR LINING TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION PROPERTIES for common materials: krc Matetial k r cp Concrete Gypsum Board Steel (kW/m-C) 1.0 x 10-3 5.0 x 10-4 5.0 x 10-3 (kg/m3) 2000 1440 (kJ/kg-K) 0.88 0.84 (kW/m2-C)2-sec 2.0 0.60 150 0.30

1600 0.46 1.5 x 10-4 Wood 420 2.72 Reference Quintiere, James. Principles of Fire Behavior . (Page 187)

FIRE SPECIFICATIONS Fire Heat Release Rate (Q) Time After Ignition (t)

500.00 kW 100.00 sec

METHOD OF McCAFFREY, QUINTIERE, AND HARKLEROAD (MQH)

Reference SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering 2nd Edition (Page 3-139)

DTg = 6.85[Q2/(A0(hv)1/2) (AThk)]1/3 Where DTg = upper layer gas temperature rise above ambient (T g-T0) (K) Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)

Worksheet NRR/DSSA/SPLB 1, Rev. 0

A0 = area of ventilation opening (m 2) hv = height of ventilation opening (m) hk = heat trensfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2) Area of Ventilation Opening Calculation A0 = (wv)(hv) 2 A0 = 2.229673 m Thermal Penetration Time Calculation tp = (rcp/k)(d/2)2 r = interior construction density (kg/m 3) cp = interior construction heat capacity (kJ/Kg-K) k = interior construction thermal conductivity (kW/m-K) d = interior construction thickness (m) tp = 29198.1 sec, which is over 8 hours, so the conduction will be transient for a long time Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculation (krc/t)1/2 for t < tp hk = Where Where krc = interior construction thermal inertia (kW/m 2-C)2-sec (a thermal property of material responsible for the rate of temperature rise) t = time after ignition (sec) 2 0.141421 kW/m -C

hk =

Area of Compartment Enclosing Surface Boundaries AT = [2(wcxlc) + 2(hcxwc) + 2(hcxlc)] - A0 2 AT = 95.31852 m Compartment Hot Gas Layer Temperature With Natural Ventilation DTg = 6.85[Q2/(A0(hv)1/2) (AThk)]1/3 DT g = DT g = Tg = T g= T g= 125.51 K Tg-T0 DTg+T0 423.51 K 150.51 C 302.91 F

ANSWER

NOTE
The above calculations are based on principles developed in the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd Edition 1995. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and has inherent limitations. The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given situation, and should only be interpreted by an informed user.

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

CHAPTER 2. PREDICTING HOT GAS LAYER TEMPERATURE IN A ROOM FIRE WITH FORCED VENTILATION COMPARTMENT WITH THERMALLY THICK/THIN BOUNDARIES
Version 1805.0
The following calculations estimate the hot gas layer temperature and smoke layer height in enclosure fire. Parameters in YELLOW CELLS are Entered by the User. Parameters in GREEN CELLS are Automatically Selected from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Material Selected. All subsequent output values are calculated by the spreadsheet and based on values specified in the input parameters. This spreadsheet is protected and secure to avoid errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s). The chapter in the NUREG should be read before an analysis is made.

INPUT PARAMETERS
COMPARTMENT INFORMATION Compartment Width (wc) Compartment Length (lc) Compartment Height (hc) Interior Lining Thickness (d) AMBIENT CONDITIONS Ambient Air Temperature (Ta) Specific Heat of Air (cp) Ambient Air Density (ra) 16.00 16.00 12.00 12.00

77.00 1.00 1.18

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF COMPARTMENT ENCLOSING SURFACES Interior Lining Thermal Inertia (krc) 2.9 Interior Lining Thermal Conductivity (k) 0.0016 Interior Lining Specific Heat (c) 0.75 Interior Lining Density (r) 2400 Note: Air density will automatically correct with Ambient Air Temperature (T a) Input

THERMAL PROPERTIES FOR COMMON INTERIOR LINING MATERIALS

Material Aluminum (pure) Steel (0.5% Carbon) Concrete Brick Glass, Plate Brick/Concrete Block Gypsum Board Plywood Fiber Insulation Board Chipboard Aerated Concrete Plasterboard Calcium Silicate Board krc k (kW/m2-K)2-sec (kW/m-K) 500 0.206 197 0.054 2.9 0.0016 1.7 0.0008 1.6 0.00076 1.2 0.00073 0.18 0.00017 0.16 0.00012 0.16 0.00053 0.15 0.00015 0.12 0.00026 0.12 0.00016 0.098 0.00013 c (kJ/kg-K) 0.895 0.465 0.75 0.8 0.8 0.84 1.1 2.5 1.25 1.25 0.96 0.84 1.12

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Alumina Silicate Block Glass Fiber Insulation Expanded Polystyrene User Specified Value

0.036 0.0018 0.001 Enter Value

0.00014 0.000037 0.000034 Enter Value

1 0.8 1.5 Enter Value

Reference: Klote, J., J. Milke, Principles of Smoke Management, 2002 Page 270 .

COMPARTMENT MASS VENTILATION FLOW RATE Forced Ventilation Flow Rate (m) FIRE SPECIFICATIONS Fire Heat Release Rate (Q)

1000.00

500.00

Calculate METHOD OF FOOTE, PAGNI, AND ALVARES (FPA)

Reference: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering , 3rd Edition, 2002, Page 3-177.

DTg/Ta = 0.63(Q/mcpTa)0.72(hkAT/mcp)-0.36 Where DTg = Tg - Ta = upper layer gas temperature rise above ambient (K) Ta = ambient air temperature (K) Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW) m = compartment mass ventilation flow rate (kg/sec) cp = specific heat of air (kJ/kg-K) hk = convective heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2) Thermal Penetration Time Calculation tp = (rcp/k) (d/2)2 Where tp = thermal penetration time (sec) r = interior construction density (kg/m 3) cp = interior construction heat capacity (kJ/kg-K) k = interior construction thermal conductivity (kW/m-K) d = interior construction thickness (m) 26128.98 sec

tp =

Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculation hk = (krc/t) for t < tp Where

or (k/d) hk = heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K)

for t > tp

krc = interior construction thermal inertia (kW/m 2-K)2-sec (a thermal property of material responsible for the rate of temperature rise) t = time after ignition (sec) See table below for results Area of Compartment Enclosing Surface Boundaries AT = 2 (wc x lc) + 2 (hc x wc) + 2 (hc x lc) Where AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2) wc = compartment width (m) lc = compartment length (m) hc = compartment height (m)

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

AT =

Av = area of ventilation opening (m 2) 2 118.92 m

Compartment Hot Gas Layer Temperature With Forced Ventilation DTg/Ta = 0.63(Q/mcpT0)0.72(hkAT/mcp)-0.36 DT g = Tg = Tg - Ta DT g + T a

Results
Time After Ignition (t) (min) (sec) 0 0 1 60 2 120 3 180 4 240 5 300 10 600 15 900 20 1200 25 1500 30 1800 35 2100 40 2400 45 2700 50 3000 55 3300 60 3600 hk (kW/m2-K) 0.22 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 DTg/T0 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.73 DTg (K) 103.76 117.55 126.45 133.17 138.63 157.05 168.94 177.92 185.21 191.39 196.78 201.57 205.88 209.83 213.46 216.83

Hot Gas Layer Temperature Forced Ventilation - FPA Method 500 Temperature (F) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 Time (min)

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

METHOD OF DEAL AND BEYLER

Reference: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering , 3rd Edition, 2002, Page 3-178.

Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculation 0.4 (krc / t) for t < tp hk = Where hk = heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) krc = interior construction thermal inertia (kW/m 2-K)2-sec (a thermal property of material responsible for the rate of temperature rise) d = thickness of interior lining (m) 2 0.088 kW/m -K

hk =

Area of Compartment Enclosing Surface Boundaries AT = 2(w c x lc) + 2(h c x wc) + 2(hc x lc) 2 AT = 118.92 m Compartment Hot Gas Layer Temperature With Forced Ventilation DTg = Q / (m cp + hk AT) Where DTg = Tg - Ta = upper layer gas temperature rise above ambient (K) Ta = ambient air temperature (K) Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW) m = compartment mass ventilation flow rate (kg/sec) cp = specific heat of air (kJ/Kg-K) hk = convective heat transfer coefficient (kW/m 2-K) AT = total area of the compartment enclosing surface boundaries (m 2)

Results
Time After Ignition (t) (min) (sec) 0 0 1 60 2 120 3 180 4 240 5 300 10 600 15 900 20 1200 25 1500 30 1800 35 2100 40 2400 45 2700 50 3000 55 3300 hk (kW/m2-K) 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 DTg (K) 45.39 62.87 75.80 86.39 95.50 129.33 153.41 172.57 188.64 202.57 214.90 225.99 236.08 245.34 253.92 Tg (K) 298.00 343.39 360.87 373.80 384.39 393.50 427.33 451.41 470.57 486.64 500.57 512.90 523.99 534.08 543.34 551.92

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

60

3600

0.01

261.90

559.90

Hot Gas Layer Temperature Forced Ventilation - Deal and Beyler Method 600 500 Temperature (F) 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 Time (min) 40

Summary of Results

Hot Gas Layer Temperature Forced Ventilation 600 500 Temperature (F) 400 300 200

100
0 0 10 20 30 Time (min)
NOTE

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

The above calculations are based on principles developed in the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd Edition, 2002. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and have inherent limitations. The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given situation, and should only be interpreted by an informed user. Although each calculation in the spreadsheet has been verified with the results of hand calculation, there is no absolute guarantee of the accuracy of these calculations. Any questions, comments, concerns, and suggestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet, please send an email to nxi@nrc.gov or mxs3@nrc.gov.

Prepared by: Checked by: Additional Information

Date Date

Organization Organization

Revision Log 1805.0 Original issue with final text.

Description of Revision

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

ERATURE IN A ROOM

OUNDARIES
layer height in enclosure fire.

P DOWN MENU for the Material Selected. n values specified in the input a wrong entry in a cell(s).

ft ft ft

4.88 m 4.88 m 3.66 m

in

0.3048 m

25.00 C 298.00 K

kJ/kg-K kg/m3

(kW/m2-K)2-sec kW/m-K kJ/kg-K kg/m3

emperature (T a) Input r (kg/m3) 2710 7850 2400 2600 2710 1900 960 540 240 800 500 950 700

Select Material
Concrete

Scroll to desired material then Click on selection

10

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

260 60 20 Enter Value

cfm

3 0.472 m /sec

0.559 kg/sec kW

e above ambient (K)

urface boundaries (m 2)

the rate of temperature rise)

urface boundaries (m 2)

11

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Tg (K) 298.00 401.76 415.55 424.45 431.17 436.63 455.05 466.94 475.92 483.21 489.39 494.78 499.57 503.88 507.83 511.46 514.83

Tg (C) 25.00 128.76 142.55 151.45 158.17 163.63 182.05 193.94 202.92 210.21 216.39 221.78 226.57 230.88 234.83 238.46 241.83

Tg (F) 77.00 263.77 288.59 304.61 316.71 326.54 359.70 381.10 397.26 410.39 421.51 431.20 439.82 447.59 454.69 461.22 467.29

er Temperature FPA Method

40

50

60

12

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

the rate of temperature rise)

e above ambient (K)

urface boundaries (m 2)

Tg (C) 25.00 70.39 87.87 100.80 111.39 120.50 154.33 178.41 197.57 213.64 227.57 239.90 250.99 261.08 270.34 278.92

Tg (F) 77.00 158.70 190.16 213.43 232.50 248.90 309.80 353.15 387.62 416.55 441.62 463.82 483.78 501.94 518.62 534.06

13

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

286.90

548.43

Beyler Method

50

60

yer Temperature
FPA Method Deal and Beyler Method

40

50

60

14

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection

erent limitations. The results of such bilities for a given situation, and should

ed with the results of hand calculation,

eport an error(s) in the spreadsheet,

Date January 2005

15

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Division of Systems Safety and Analysis Plant Systems Branch Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

16