Monabiphot Fundamental Chemistry

1. Chemistry of the Elements Exercises for Training

I- rotons! neutrons! electrons Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for the following elements:
1 1

H, 2 1H,

14 7

N,

15 7

N,

2 1

Ne,

21 1

Ne,

22 1

Ne,

7" !5

#r,

$1 !5

#r

II- "uantum numbers 1% &re the following sets of 'uantum numbers possible ( a) n * 2, l * , ml * b) n * 2, l * 1, ml * +1 c) n * 2, l * 2, ml * d) n * 2, l * , ml * 1 e) n * 4, l * 1, ml * +2 f) n * , l * , ml * 2% ,dentif- the sub.shells corresponding to the following 'uantum number values /01: 1s, !d, etc2)2 a) n * !, l * 1, ml * , ms * 31%2 b) n * 4, l * , ml * , ms * +1%2 c) n * !, l * 2, ml * 1, ms * +1%2 d) n * !, l * , ml * , ms * 31%2 e) n * !, l * 1, ml * +1, ms * 31%2 4lass the shells in the order of increasing energ-2

III- "uantum #oxes and Electronic Configuration 5et6s consider the following elements: H, He, #, 4, N, 7, 8, Ne, Na, 9i, 9, 4a 1% :hat is the number of electrons for each of these elements ( /use the periodic table) 2% 8or each of these elements, draw 'uantum bo1es and fill them up with electrons2 !% :rite the electronic configurations under different forms /01: 1s2, 2p!, etc2 or ;Ne< !s2 !p!, etc2) 9ame 'uestions for ions: 8+, Na3, 92+, 4a23

I$-%creening Constant =eminder: >? * > + />? is the effective charge, > the atomic number, is the screening constant) 4onsider an electron whose principal 'uantum number is n2 @he screening caused b- an electron whose 'uantum number is nA is given on the following table2 n 1s ns, np nd, nf nABn.1 ... 1 1 nA*n.1 ... 2$5 1 nA*n 2! 2!5 2!5 nACn

1% 4alculate the effective charge DseenE b- the outer shell /2s) electron of 5i 2% 9ame 'uestion for a 2s, 2p, !s or !p electron of 9i !% 9ame 'uestion for a !d electron of @i

$-&lech'o(s'i)s *ule and Electronic Configuration 5et6s now consider the following elements: 4r, 4u, Nb 1% :hat is the number of electrons for each of these elements ( 2% :rite the electronic configurations, assuming these elements respect the FlechGowsGi6s rule2 !% 4ompare -our results with the electronic configurations reported in the table included in additional documents2 How could -ou e1plain these differences (

$I- eriodic Table 1% ,dentif- s, p, d and f blocsH deduce the electronic configuration of the following elements from their position in the periodic table / do not use Klechkowskis rule): &r /> * 1$), I /> * 2!), 5a /> * 57), ,r /> * 77), =n /> * $J) 2

2% ,dentif- the elements whose electronic configuration is: a) 1s2, 2s2, 2pJ, !s2, !pJ, 4s2 b) F, 5, K, 4s2, 4p2 c) F, 5, K, N, 5s2, 5pJ, 5dJ, Js2 !% :hat should be the most stable ion of each of the following elements: #a, 7, &s, ,, =b, @e ( 4% 4lass the following atoms in the order of increasing electronegativit- /use the periodic table): a) #e, 4, 5i, 8 b) Ge, 9i, Lb, 4 5% 4lass the following atoms in the order of increasing siMe /use the periodic table): a) #r, Ga, 4a, 4s b) &s, 9e, 9b, ,n