Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for

a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution
Those transformers installed at the ending or receiving end of long high voltage transmission lines are the power transformers. The distribution transformers (generally pole mounted) are those installed in the location of the city to provide utilization voltage at the consumer terminals.

Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA. Distribution transformers are used for lower voltage distribution networks as a means to end user connectivity. (11kV, 6.6 kV, 3.3 kV, 440V, 230V) and are generally rated less than 200 MVA.
A power transformer usually has one primary and one secondary, and one input and output. A distribution transformer may have one primary and one divided or "Tapped" secondary, or two or more secondaries. Power transformers generally operate at nearly full load. However, a distribution transformer operates at light loads during major parts of the day. The performance of the power transformers is generally judged from commercial efficiency whereas the performance of a distribution transformer is judged from all day efficiency.

Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution

The rating of a high transformer is many times greater than that of distribution transformer. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution transformer. Power transformer's primary winding always connected in star and secondary winding in delta while in distribution transformer primary winding connected in delta and secondary in star. In The Sub station end of the transmission line, The Power Transformer Connection is Star-Delta.( For the purpose of Step down the Voltage Level) In the star up of the Transmission line (H-T), The Connection of the power Transformer is Delta Star (For the purpose of Step Up the Voltage Level) But in case of Distribution Transformer, But Generally it is used in there-phase Step down distribution transformer( Delta Star).

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Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution The Fig. 1 shows a radial distribution system. When the distributor is connected to substation on one end only with the help of feeder, then the system is called radial distribution system. The feeders, distributors and service mains are radiating away from the substation hence name given as radial system. There are combinations of one distributor and one feeder, connecting that distributor to the substation. In Fig. 1, distributor 1 is connected only at one end to substation through a feeder at point A. Similarly the other feeder is feeding the distributor 2, only at one point B.

Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution

Fig. 1 Radial distribution system

Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution Due to such system, if the fault occurs either on feeder or a distributor, all the consumers connected to that distributor will get affected. There would be an interruption of supply to all such consumers. Similarly the end of the distributor nearer to the substation will get heavily loaded than the end which is too far away from the substation. Similarly the consumers at the distant end of the distributor would be subjected to the voltage variations and fluctuations, as the load on the distributor changes. The system is advantageous only when the generation is at low voltage level and the substation is loaded at the center of the load. The fault on a feeder or a distributor causes interruption in supply to all the consumers connected to the distributor. This can be avoided by modifying the radial system as shown in the Fig. 2. In this system, the

Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution distributor is fed at number of points with the help of feeders. In Fig. 2, the feeders from the substation are feeding to a single distributor at points A, B and C.

Fig. 2 Modified radial system

1.1 Advantages of Radial System

Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution The various advantages of radial system are, 1. Simplest as fed at only end. 2. The initial cost is low. 3. Useful when the generating is at low voltage. 4. Preferred when the station is located at the centre of the load. 1.2 Disadvantages of Radial System Apart from its advantages, this system is suffered from the following disadvantages. 1. The end of distributor near to the substation gets heavily loaded. 2. When load on the distributor changes, the consumers at the distant end of the distributor face serious voltage fluctuations.

Power transformers are used for transmission as a step up devices so that the I2r loss can be minimized for a given power flow. These transformers are designed to utilize the core to maximum and will operate very much near to the knee point of B-H curve (slightly above the knee point value).This brings down the mass of the core enormously. Naturally these transformers have the matched iron losses and copper losses at peak load (i.e. the maximum efficiency point where both the losses match). Distribution transformers obviously cannot be designed like this. Hence the all-day-efficiency comes into picture while designing it. It depends on the typical load cycle for which it has to supply. Definitely Core design will be done to take care of peak load and as well as all-day-efficiency. It is a bargain between these two points. Power transformer generally operated at full load. Hence, it is designed such that copper losses are minimal. However, a distribution transformer is always online and operated at loads less than full load for most of time. Hence, it is designed such that core losses are minimal. In Power Transformer the flux density is higher than the distribution 3. As consumers are dependent on single feeder and distributor, a fault on any of these two causes interruption in supply to all the consumers connected to that distributor.