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=
|]Finol ProJuct [
Ib
h
ProJuct Pricc [
1k
Ib
-
{IiquiJ Sulpbur [
Ib
h
Sulpbur Pricc [
1k
Ib
] -
{(Duty1+ Duty2 +Duty3 +Duty4 + Duty5 + Duty6 +
Duty7)[
Btu
h
u.uuu29S [
kwh
Btu
S (
1k
kwh
)}] 24 (
h
du
)
300 (
wokng du
)
Figure4: Optimization Spreadsheet
4.2. Variables
The optimization variables are temperatures of
a. Cool 1
st
Converter Bed Inlet
b. Cool 2
nd
Converter Bed Inlet
c. Cool 3
rd
Converter Bed Inlet
d. Cool 4
th
Converter Bed Inlet
e. Absorber Inlet
f. Cool Recycle 1
g. Cool Final Product
Figure5. Optimization Variables
4.3. Profit Maximization
The window which shows the profit maximization is
given below
Figure6. Maximized Profit
4.4. Product Composition
Niaz Bahar Chowdhury, et al., J OS, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 179-182, 2012 182
Figure8. Product Composition after Optimization
5. Limitations
a. In our simulation, all reactions are
considered as conversion reactions, though
they are actually equilibrium reactions. This
is done because sufficient data for
equilibrium type of reaction in Hysys were
not available.
b. In practice, solid sulfur is the raw material
input to the process, which is consequently
melted in a sulfur melter. But, in Hysys,
there is no such unit operation as sulfur
melter. As a result, liquid sulfur is directly
fed as the raw material for the process.
c. In practice, one 4-pass converter or two 2-
pass converters in series are used to convert
sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. But in
Hysys, there is no provision for 4-pass or 2-
pass converter. So four single pass converters
in series are used in the simulation
[4]
d. In Hysys, there is no absorber where reaction
can take place. This type of unit process is
needed to convert sulfur trioxide to sulfuric
acid. In absence of that, conversion reactor is
used as an absorption tower.
e. In Hysys, there is no circulation tank where
mixing action take place without flashing.
This type of unit operation is needed to
convert 98.5% sulfuric acid to 98.1% sulfuric
acid. In absence of that, the unit operation
named mixer is used as a circulation tank.
f. To avoid complexity, all cooling actions are
done by simple coolers instead of shell and
tube heat exchanges or air coolers.
7. Conclusion
By doing this simulation project, the main features
of industrial production of sulfuric acid were
represented in a Process Flow Diagram. Satisfactory
results are obtained in optimizing the process,
keeping in mind the fact that the profit maximization
is done in a rather simple way. On the whole, using
this simulation approach will be helpful for the
process plant to optimize the annual profit.
Acknowledgements
We express our gratitude to Wata Chemicals Limited
for providing some basic information on Sulfuric acid
plant
References
[1] W. G. Davenport and M. J . King, Sulfuric Acid
Manufacture: Analysis, Control and Optimization,
3
rd
edition, Elsevier, New York, 2006, pp 33-38
[2] www.aspentech.com
[3] George T. Austin, Shreves Chemical Process
Industries, 5
th
Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York,
2008, pp 320-345
[4] W. W. Duecker, and J . R. West, The Manufacture of
Sulfuric Acid, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New
York, 1966, pp 167-178
Vitae
Mr. Niaz Bahar Chowdhury was born in
Chittagong, Bangladesh. He obtained a B. Sc degree
in 2012 in Chemical Engineering department from
Bangladesh University of Engineering in Technology.
He worked as a Research Assistant in the above
department. His research interest includes LPG,
Process Engineering, Coal Gasification, and Thermal
Engineering.