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A New Sight of Chinese Education in Malaysia -- Non-Chinese in Chinese Primary Schools

Wong Kong-Chin

kongchinwong@yahoo.com.tw

90

In Malaysia, Chinese primary school system is a sub-system within compulsory education


systems. The early stage, many discourses indicated that the Chinese education would hit by the
crises and difficulties under the governments modular education policies. However, the Chinese
primary schools fully demonstrated strong adaptability to date. Nowadays, it is unable to ignore
that there are more non-Chinese enrolled in Chinese schools, they study Chinese with Chinese
native speakers. This article would like to present two main changes, the ethnic structures, and
the campus cultures from the 90s till now. The research carries on the analysis by interview
UCSTAM, principals, and historical documents. First, it will discuss the similarities and
differences they face in the different regions in Malaysia. Here, it will take SJK (C) CHUNG
HWA, KOTA KINABALU, SABAH as an example, this is the largest Chinese primary schools in
east Malaysia, and owned 34% non-Chinese now. The following part aims at non-Chinese
enrolled in Chinese schools, and discusses how the schools face and fix the inter-ethnic education
and thus develop a different type of campus culture. These days, while the Chinese backflow and
the non-Chinese join in Chinese school, the Chinese primary schools have now blossomed into an
important field of cultural exchange under the base of Chinese culture.

Keywords: Chinese Primary Schools/Malaysian Chinese education/acculturation/nonChinese


1963 9 16
1965 8 9

1
2010 2890
62.2%22.5% 6.8% 1.2% 7.3% 2

3 1983
2000 18

90

2006 542
Iban(Kadan)(Dusun)Temuan
Penan
3
2008
143
2005 62
2005 51
2002 1 8
4
Leong Yin Ching, Rahimah Haji Ahmad, Ishak Haron, A Study of the Probable Futures of
Malaysian Society in the Year 2000 and the Implications for Education (Kuala Lumpur: Faculty
of Education University of Malaya, February 1983), pp59-60.
5

6
1917 1942
4 1946 1954 796 1967
2207 1970
1973 1977 2817 1986 4525
1992 1996 2004

2009-2010
2

1600 700 7

1
(Abdul Razak Report 1956)
1957
8
1957

--

1960 (Abdul Raman


Report 1960)1961 21(2)

10

1967

1971

11
7

10 2300
7 3 100

9
1996
10
1219 2000 9
11

12 1300
500
1979 1979
3M (KBSR)
13

UPSR


14

2
70 80 90 2020

15
1999 8
30
1617

2.1
SRK
SJKSJCUPSR

2002 http://www.xiao-en.org/cultural/library.asp?cat=23&loc=zh&id=102
12
1966 1963 1965 1961
13
3MMembaca()Menulis()Mengira()KBSRKurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah1994
Baru Bersepadu
14

15
19032003
2005 230231
16
1400-19992000 279
17
5


19
( STPM)

( / )

( )

( / )

( )

18

( )

17

( SPM)

16

15
( PMR)

14
13
12

( UPSR)

11

SRK

SJ C( T)

10

9
8

nat i onal

school

SJ K( C )

nat i onal t ype school ( Tam


il)

7
6

nat i onal t ype school ( Chi nese)

pr e- school

1http://www.moe.gov.my18
2010 1 1291

10 17%
20.2%
2009 1
12009

18

600

251,201

215

115,227

70

14,810

137

66,863

65

20,297

21

3,405

199

82,187

82

23,724

61

11,363

429

382,614

108

123,737

97

35,446

139

91,362

41

51,141

15

3,908

SMK SMJK SMT S MV


SMA SMAP SMPK

520

185,475

186

64,201

134

18,010

146

93,758

90

55,794

28

6,857

378

200,257

90

27,502

58

11,038

58

24,296

10

2,369

136

398

215,770

14

6,567

29

334

142,481

10

2,911

412

144,820

75

24,063

1,040

217,811

221

73,286

979

255,398

83

35,642

15

7,030

1,238

11

7,239

5,795

2,368,562

1,292

627,699

523

109,086

0.761

0.763

0.170

0.202

0.069

0.035

37

4,084

*
*

2.2

19702002 111
6 6 7 3 8
( 17 8 )( 45 )
28 57 19
2011 71%
62% 1957
30%


20
2 1970-2002
2 1970-2002

1970-2002

19
20

1970

1980

1991

2000

2002

1970-2002

19,900

23,765

23,167

20,794

21,600

1,700

184,700

208,428

225,882

241,444

250,400

65,700

http://www.djz.edu.my1970-2002
25 33 (2011-08-21)

436,700

521,455

551,129

588,693

614,900

178,200

666,400

737,234

706,504

643,129

672,400

6,000

382,000

567,474

758,397

1,230,271

1,266,000

884,000

373,900

507,487

556,518

560,153

594,900

221,000

183,600

209,743

211,071

211,914

221,500

37,900

160,300

176,673

176,128

178,277

186,700

26,400

38,700

47,911

54,421

49,067

51,100

12,400

22,600

26,693

28,887

24,295

25,400

2,800

158,300

209,631

199,681

218,338

225,700

67,400

504,200

628,937

759,184

916,704

954,900

450,700

139,200

163,996

218,233

271,599

277,800

138,600

293,900

385,161

475,752

537,230

556,900

263,000

3,564,400

4,414,588

4,944,954

5,691,908

5,920,200

2,355,800

2010 2000 2010


17.8%2.7%2.6%2.1%
1.4%1.4%1.3%
1.2% 100%
91.4% 90.8%
42.4%50.5% 51.4%
21 2

3
21

2010
http://www.malaysiaeconomy.net/my_economy/my_population1/race_population/2011-0730/11615.html

3.1

907
91.99% 73 7.4% 22

60 41 10 9
46 50 27 83
75 1112 23

24 1970 356 2010 650 300


82.5% 1325 1291 2.6%

25 3

3
/* 1974

1970

3,564,000

*1325

1980

4,420,000

1312

1991

4,950,000

1289

2000

5,760,000

1284

2005

6,150,000

1287

2010

6,520,000

1291

3.2

10 13 7
230 150
4 10
26
10

22

2009 20
2004 9
24
2010 11 14
1291 150
540 41.8% 13 10
25
1961 8
26
http://search.sinchew-i.com/node/656413?k(2010.11.11 )
23

200
100 27
8
2 28

()

A B

3.3
2010
21% 3.6%

2011 8 14
21

29
4
4 1991- 201030

19911995

(RM)

27

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102,726,000

27,042,000

1,262,844,0

8.14

2.14

00

89.72

100

1,845,400

583,218

99,876

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100

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00

(RM)
1996 2000

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000

100

http://search.sinchew-i.com/node/656387?k(2010.11.11 )
http://search.sinchew-i.com/node/654987?k(2010.11.12 )
29
25 34 (2011-08-28)
30
(1)
1996 11 5 (2)
2005 3 31 (3)
48 3 730 2006 4 13
1 7 434 6 4 84
45 9 812
28

2001 2005

2,128,227

595,451

102,679

2,826,357

1996

75.30

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100

801,221,36

224,193,01

38,624,615.

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7.30

70

000

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133,600,000

57,600,000

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2.73

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00

(RM)

96.09

100

2,236,428

615,688

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2,941,156

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100

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00

00

000

4,598,120,00

174,340,000

64,840,000

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(3.60%)

(1.34%)

00

(RM)
2006 2010

(95.06%)

(100%)

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636,124

100,142

3,035,074

2006

(75.74%)

(20.96%)

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3,663,771,0

1,013,898,0

159,630,90

4,837,300,

20

80

000

4
4.1

1939 30 31
1975
32

1980
1989

90 1 94
5

5 1989 -1999
31

80 2009 13
1977 Zakarias Kota1979 Asmat Bin Abdul
1974 1975 1973 Salamat Bte Amin1974 Morida
32

1989

17,309

3.0%

1990

18,379

3.2%

1991

19,488

3.4%

1992

20,559

3.5%

1993

21,508

3.7%

1994

32,203

5.5%

1995

32,734

5.5%

1996

37,519

6.4%

1997

49,639

8.2%

1998

52,043

8.7%

1999

65,000

10.7%

1999

2002
24000 2005
7% 44000 2002
2005 20000 2005

33
1% 5%
10%34
10% 40%35
35% 80%36

4.2

30

BisayaMurutBajauCocosSungaiKadazanBugisMelayuDusunInda
iBumiputeraRungusJawaBruneiLunbawangNigeriaSikhaIban
bajau-bruneibrunei-kadazan lunbawang-dusun kadazan-dusun
33

302 2010.10.31305
2010.11.012010.11.05
16
34
2004 10
35
37%() 14%() 10%()

36
35% 35%
2008 3 83 42

dusun-kadazan nigeria-kadazan melayu-kadazan melayujipunengland-kadazanindai-kadazan


Sino-Kadazan Sino-Melayu Sino-Dusun Sino- Kadazandusun

4.3

37

60

2 38

37

http://www.sinchew-i.com/sciWWW/taxonomy/term/517(2010.04.04 )
17 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.

38

39

4.4
(acculturation)

40


41

5 10 6

42

......

39
40
41
42

http://tech.sinchew-i.com/cp/node/134979?tid=1(2009.10.20 )
2000 383-384
Neil J.Smelser 1992 444



80%

43

44

45

46

4.5

47
(
)
48
700

68% 50% 30%


43

http://www.sinchew-i.com/sciWWW/taxonomy/term/517(2010.04 )
3 2
3

45
7 24 8 7 25 11
46
10.7% 20 20

47

48

44

49

50

51

6
60

80
80% 95%

49

30% 20%

50
UPSR 95% 70%
51

Yan Moulier Boutangy


350

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