Jason Ye Prof. Yancey Homework I. Congressional Workshop Questions 1. Why are credible sources important?

? How can you tell if a source is credible? Give one example of a non-credible source and one example of a credible source. a. Credible sources are important, because if one cites important statistics or a quote, it needs to be credible. If not credible, the statistic or quote could easily be refuted by the opposing side and could potentially harm your argument. An un-credible source could also disrepute you and raises suspicions. Un-credible sources can also contain incorrect information; Un-credible sources can also be extremely old and be irrelevant to the current situation. b. You can tell if a source is credible if it is written by a reputable, knowledgeable, and source such as a professor, scholarly article, major media, major institutions, and credible organizations. Non-credible sources are lesser known and not necessarily backed out. Non-credible source include but not are not limited to blogs, opinion posts, minor organizations, shady institutions, and extremely outdated. c. Non-credible sources could be blogs such as this: http://blogs.the-americaninterest.com/wrm/2013/01/15/morsis-anti-semitic-rant-comes-to-light/; Credible sources could come from key newspapers articles: http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/07/03/egypt-morsi-protestsarmy-deadline/2485355/ 2. As it relates to delivery, describe one aspect of step one, step two and step three. Explain what it is and why it is important. (?) a. Appearance i. By having good posture and a good appearance, you ll look fresh and ready to the audience, setting a good atmosphere and mood for the audience already. b. Wording i. Limit slang and accidental inserts such as uhms, uhs, likes, and more. Its important to watch for wording because you dont want to come off as too informal and unprepared. You want to seem professional and formal to sound convincing to the audience c. Body Language i. Body language emphasizes the movements and gestures you use to emphasize your arguments. Using body language when speaking can show passion and persuasion of your argument. It shows that youre confident in your resolution 3. Give the 3 examples of how a student could plagiarize in a speech intentionally and/or unintentionally. (How do you cite sources in a speech?) a. A student could plagiarize a speech intentionally by...

i. Copying and pasting word-for-word information from the original document. ii. Not attributing work to an author on purpose iii. Rewording the words of the author, but still carry the same meaning/purpose etc b. A student could plagiarize a speech unintentionally by i. Accidental incorrect citation ii. Forgetting to attribute work to original author in speech iii. Forgetting to add to the Works Cited/Bibliography Page 4. Explain Aristotles Rhetorical Appeals and provide an example of how you can use each one in your main speech. a. Aristotles Rhetorical Appeals are classifications of 3 different ways to help advance ones persuasive argument: Ethos (Ethics), Pathos (emotion), Logos (logic) b. Pathos: Use a sentimental approach or a narrative that links with the audiences emotions. By using emotion, youll be able to gain support and persuade people better because the audience will be more sympathetic. c. Logos: By using logic and rationality, you can persuade the audience by using logic, rationality, and pragmatism to convince the audience with cold, hard facts. Use inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, analogical reasoning, causal reasoning, and effect relationships. 5. Define 3 fallacies and provide an example of each type. a. Hasty Generalization i. Is a fallacy that is a bad generalization of data based on insufficient data. ii. Example: If dog likes blue, and cat likes red. Dog likes red. Insufficient data and hasty generalization. b. False Cause i. Is a fallacy when two facts are generalized to be directly related while there is only a slight relation between the two. ii. Example: Every time the Jake uses the area formula to get the answer, he wears a blue polo. Therefore if I use the area formula to get the answer, I must be wearing a blue polo too. c. Invalid Analogy i. Is a fallacy when two things that are being compared are not actually alike. ii. Example: His ping pong skills are excellent, so his algebra skills must be excellent too. 6. Describe four different strategies for managing speech anxiety and provide a clear example of each one. (?) a. Be Ready and Practice Speech i. By preparing and being ready beforehand, one will not feel as anxious, because you are ready and have rehearsed your speech. If you were winging it, then your anxiety would be a lot worse. By being prepared, youre reducing that anxiety already

b. Act Calm and Carry On i. Even if you make a mistake, keep calm and carry on. If you gloss over your mistake and continue to speak, hardly anyone will notice your mistake. Time yourself and practice constantly. Even if you mess up, try to continue. c. Have a Positive Mental Attitude i. Having a positive mental attitude instead of a negative one can help decrease anxiety. Thinking negatively will only increase your speech anxiety and cause you to become more nervous. Using a positive mental attitude can increase the effectiveness of delivery and speaker likability. d. Get Used to Public Speaking i. Get used to speaking publicly by gradually exposing yourself to public speaking opportunities. By increasing your public speaking experience, youll be more ready and more successful by developing positive attitudes about delivering. 7. Be able to make a basic outline for a provided topic. (What goes in an introduction, what are transitions how many main points, what is support?Etc.) a. To make an introduction for a topic, introduce the significance of the problem. Why is it a big deal? Then describe urgency. Is a solution for the problem required as soon as possible? Or can It wait? Introduce your topic and state your thesis/resolution in the topic then transition into your body. b. Transitions are words and phrases used to segue into the next point or section of your topic outline. Using transitions can help smooth out ones argument and help the audience follow you easier and better. c. Main points are the specific arguments that argue why your solution to the topic is better. Main points are pretty much the support for your thesis/resolution d. Support is back-up and corroboration of your main points. These can be statistics, graphs, quotes, visuals, and etc that back up ones arguments. II. Fallacies a. Hasty Generalization i. Is a fallacy that is a bad generalization of data based on insufficient data. b. False Cause i. Is a fallacy when two facts are generalized to be directly related while there is only a slight relation between the two. c. Invalid Analogy i. Is a fallacy when two things that are being compared are not actually alike. d. Red Herring i. Is a fallacy where a divergent/tangential topic is used to divert attention away from the main topic usually in cases where the speakers main topic is losing and he/she is trying to divert attention away from his/her mistakes. e. AD Hominem

i. Is a fallacy where an argument/resolution is defeated due to an irrelevant fact about the author that may indicate bias in the argument. f. Either-Or i. Is a fallacy where the speaker presents a resolution and offers a range of choices when in actually there are more choices/options: narrow, false range. g. Bandwagon i. Is a fallacy where peer pressure is used a grounds for either declaring a claim is false or true. h. Slippery Slope i. Is a fallacy where the speaker asserts that there is a following consequence after an event without presenting the probability or inevitability of the consequential event happening.