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Determining the Facts Three Days of Carnage at Gettysburg (Refer to maps on reverse as you read the description of the battle.) Units of the Union and the Confederate armies met near Gettysburg on June 30, 1863, and each quickly requested reinforcements !he main battle o"ened on July 1, #ith early morning attacks by the Confederates on Union troo"s on $c%herson &idge, #est of the to#n !hough outnumbered, the Union forces held their "osition !he fighting escalated throughout the day as more soldiers from each army reached the battle area 'y ( " m , the Union troo"s #ere o)er"o#ered, and they retreated through the to#n, #here many #ere quickly ca"tured !he remnants of the Union force fell back to Cemetery *ill and Cul"+s *ill, south of to#n !he ,outherners failed to "ursue their ad)antage, ho#e)er, and the -ortherners labored long into the night regrou"ing their men !hroughout the night, both armies mo)ed their men to Gettysburg and took u" "ositions in "re"aration for the ne.t day 'y the morning of July /, the main strength of both armies had arri)ed on the field 'attle lines #ere dra#n u" in s#ee"ing arcs similar to a 0J,0 or fishhook sha"e !he main "ortions of both armies #ere nearly a mile a"art on "arallel ridges1 Union forces on Cemetery &idge, Confederate forces on ,eminary &idge, to the #est General &obert 2 3ee, commanding the Confederate troo"s, ordered attacks against the Union left and right flanks 4ends of the lines5 ,tarting in late afternoon, Confederate General James 3ongstreet+s attacks on the Union left made "rogress, but they #ere checked by Union reinforcements brought to the fighting from the Cul"+s *ill area and other uncontested "arts of the Union battle line !o the north, at the bend and barb of the fishhook 4the other flank5, Confederate General &ichard 2#ell launched his attack in the e)ening as the fighting at the other end of the fishhook #as subsiding 2#ell+s men sei6ed "art of Cul"+s *ill, but else#here they #ere re"ulsed !he day+s results #ere indecisi)e for both armies 7n the )ery early morning of July 3, the Union army forced out the Confederates #ho had successfully taken Cul"+s *ill the "re)ious e)ening !hen General 3ee, ha)ing attacked the ends of the Union line the "re)ious day, decided to assail the Union !he attack #as "receded by a t#o hour artillery bombardment of Cemetery *ill and &idge 8or a time, the massed guns of both armies #ere engaged in a thunderous duel for su"remacy !he Union defensi)e "osition held 7n a final attem"t to gain the initiati)e and #in the battle, 3ee sent a""ro.imately 1/,000 soldiers across the one mile of o"en fields that se"arated the t#o armies near the Union center General George $eade, commander of the Union forces, antici"ated such a mo)e and had readied his army !he Union lines did not break 9nly e)ery other ,outherner #ho "artici"ated in this action retired to safety :es"ite great courage, the attack 4sometimes called %ickett+s Charge or 3ongstreet+s assault5 #as re"ulsed #ith hea)y losses Cri""led by e.tremely hea)y casualties in the three days at Gettysburg, the Confederates could no longer continue the battle, and on July ( they began to #ithdra# from Gettysburg 1. ;hich army had the ad)antage after the first day of fighting< ;hat #ere some reasons for their success< Could they ha)e been e)en more successful< 2. ;hat #as the situation by the e)ening of July /< 3. ;hat e)idence from the "re)ious day+s fighting brought General 3ee to decide on the strategy for %ickett+s Charge on July 3< ;hat #as the result of that assault< 4. ;hy did General 3ee decide to #ithdra# from Gettysburg<

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'oth the >rmy of -orthern ?irginia 4the Confederate army5 and the >rmy of the %otomac 4the Union army5 concentrated their forces near Gettysburg after $ay 1863 !he net#ork of roads surrounding Gettysburg #as the key to each army+s arri)al at the battle