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A Guide for Selecting Statistical Techniques for Analyzing Social Science Data

PERANAN STATISTIK DALAM PENELITIAN


Alat menghitung besarnya anggota sampel yang diambil dari populasi. Alat menguji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen. Teknik untuk menyajikan data sehingga data lebih komunikatif. Alat analisis data, menguji hipotesis.

Proses Penelitian dan Statistik Yang Diperlukan


Perlu Statistik untuk Uji Validasi dan Reliabilitas instrumen

Perlu Statistik

Perlu Instrumen

Perlu Statistik

Perlu Statistik

Menentukan

Mengumpulkan

Masalah

Berteori

sampel

data

Menyajikan data

Menganalisa data

Pembahasan

Kesimpulan data

MACAM-MACAM STATISTIK
Deskriptif : untuk menggambarkan atau menganalisis suatu statistik hasil penelitian, tapi tidak untuk membuat kesimpulan yang lebih luas (generalisasi / inferensi) Inferensial : untuk menganalisis data sampel yang hasilnya akan digeneralisasikan untuk populasi dimana sampel diambil. - Statistik Parametris - Statistik Non parametris

Macam-macam Statistik
Deskriptif

Statistik

Parametris Inferensial Nonparametris

TIPE-TIPE KESALAHAN STATISTIK


Kesalahan Kerangka sampel Kesalahan Pemilihan sampel Kesalahan Unit sampel Kesalahan Pemilihan Sampel secara Acak Kesalahan Responden Response Bias Kesalahan Sistematis Kesalahan Pemprosesan Data Kesalahan Administrasi Kesalahan Pewawancara Kecurangan Pewawancara

Kesalahan Statistik

Nonresponse Bias

TIPE DATA STATISTIK


DATA KUALITATIF (QUALITATIVE DATA) - Nominal - Ordinal DATA KUANTITATIF (QUANTITATIVE DATA) - Data Interval - Data Rasio

PEMILIHAN METODE STATISTIK


Dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor utama : 1. Tujuan studi 2. Jumlah variabel yang diteliti 3. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan

PROBLEM OBJECTIVE ??? (Suatu Refiew)


1 2 3 4 Description of a single populations Comparison of two populations Comparison of two or more populations Analysis of the relationship between two variables 5 Analysis of the relationship among two or more variables

Description of a single populations


1

Description of a single populations ordinal


Not Covered

Data Scale ?

Nominal
Number of Categories

Two or more
X2 test of a multinomial experiment

Interval ratio Two


Z-test and Estimator of

Type of descriptive measurement ?

Variability
X2 test and estimator of 2

Location Is known ? No
t-test and estimator of

Yes
Z-test and estimator of

COMPARISON OF TWO POPULATIONS


2

COMPARISON OF TWO POPULATIONS

Data scale ?

ordinal
Experiment design Matched pains Sign test

Nominal Interval ratio


Type of descriptive measurements ? Z-test and Estimator of P1- P2

Independent samples

Variability
F-test and estimator of 12/ 22

Location Experimental design ?

Wilcoxon rank sum test for independent samples

Matched pairs

No
Are X1 and X2 Normal ?

Yes Independent samples


Are X1 and X2 Normal ? t-test and estimator of

Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for Matched pairs

No Yes
Wilcoxon rank sum test for independent samples

Are 1 and 2 known ?

Yes No
Z-test and estimator of 1 2

Are n1 and n2 > 30 ?

Yes No
Z-test and Yes estimator of 1 2

t-test and estimator of 1 2

Comparison of two or more population


3

Comparison of two or more populations ordinal

Data Scale ?

Nominal Interval ratio

X2-test of a Contingency table

Block Experimental design ? Blocks


Are X1 and X2 Xn Normal ? Friedman test

No
Friedman test

Independent samples

Independent samples Yes

Analysis of variance randomized block design

Kruskal-Walls test

Are X1 and X2 Xn Normal ?

No
Kruskal-Walls test

Yes
Analysis of completely randomized block design

Analysis of the Relationship Two Variables

Analysis of the Relationship Two Variables ordinal

Data scale ?

Nominal Interval ratio


X2-test of a Contingency table

Spearman rank correlation

Regression and correlation

Analysis of the Relationship Among Two or more Variables


5

Analysis of the Relationship Among Two or more Variables ordinal

Data scale ?

Nominal Interval ratio


Not covered

Not covered

Multiple Regression

APLIKASI TEST PARAMETRIK DAN NONPARAMETRIK


APLIKASI Dua sampel saling berhubungan (Two dependent samples) Dua sampel tidak berhubungan (Two dependent samples) TEST PARAMETRIK T test Z Test T test Z Test TEST NONPARAMETRIK Sign test Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Mc Nemar Change test Mann-Whitney U test Moses Extreme reactions Chi-Square test Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Walt-Wolfowitz runs Friedman test Kendall W test Cochrans Q Kruskal-Wallis test Chi-Square test Median test

Beberapa sampel berhubungan (Several Dependent samples) Beberapa sampel tidak berhubungan (Several Independent samples)

ANOVA test (F test)

PENGGUNAAN STATISTIK PARAMETRIS DAN NONPARAMETRIS UNTUK MENGUJI HIPOTESIS


MACAM DATA Nominal Deskriptif (satu variable) Binomial X2 One Sample BENTUK Komparatif (Dua sampel) Related Independen Fisher Exact Probalility MC Nemar X2 Two Sample Median test Sign test MannWilcoxo Whitney U n test matched pairs KolmogorovSmirnov WaldWoldfowitz Interval Ratio t-test* t-test of Related t-test* Independent One Way Anova* Two Way Anova* One Way Anova* Two Way Anova* Pearson Product Moment* Partial Correlation* Multiple Correlation* HIPOTESIS Komparatif (lebih dari dua sampel) Related Independen 2 X for k sample X2 for k sample Cochran Q Asosiatif (hubungan) Contigency Coefficient C

Ordinal

Run test

Median Extension Friedman Two Way Anova KruskalWalls One Way Anova

Spearman Rank Correlation Kendall Tau

BERBAGAI TEKNIK STATISTIK UNTUK MENGUJI HIPOTESIS KOMPARATIF


BENTUK KOMPARASI MACAM DATA Interval Ratio Dua Sampel Korelasi t-test* dua sampel Independen t-test* dua sampel Korelasi One Way Anova* Two Way Anova Chi kuadrat for k sampel Cochran Q Median Extension Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Mann-Whitney U test Koimogorov Smirnov Wald-Wolvowitz Friedman Two Way Anova Kruskal-Walls One Way Anova k sampel Independen One Way Anova* Two Way Anova

Nominal

Mc Nemar

Fisher Exact Chi Kuadrat Two sample Median test

Chi kuadrat for k sampel

Ordinal

Sign test

SELESAI

TERIMA KASIH

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