VAQALDI

DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 4: Read the following passage carefully and choose
the best answers for each of the questions that follow it.

In the olden days of guru-shishya tradition, the quality of education was one of the
strongest points of Indian education. With the independence of the country we had
to face, apart from other major problems, the challenge of wiping out illiteracy from
the country. Quality was not really the cardinal issue. The emphasis was on
providing education to all school-going children. This meant opening more schools
throughout the country in order to keep pace with the growing population. After
setting this process in motion, attention was paid to providing literacy to those
adults who had missed schooling. Gradually, however, the focus is shifting from
coverage to improvement in the quality of education in general and school
education in particular. With such a back ground, would it be advisable to
compromise on the quality of school education?

Further, with the integration of Indian economy with the world economy, we have
to become one of the many players in the international market. It is a scenario
where the Darwinian principle of 'survival of the fittest' is fully at play. Competition
is the key word. Indian products and services have to compete with the best in the
world. Therefore our education in general and school education in particular has to
compete with the educational systems of the developed countries. Education is not
to be sought just for the joy of discovering the world around us and for learning. It
needs to be pursued as a serious preparation for tougher realities. So one should
not look for any joy in this endeavour but pursue it with the seriousness that it
deserves.

The focus of education is now undergoing another major qualitative change. It is no

longer the aim of education to give knowledge to students. The explosion in the field
of information technology has made it impossible for anyone to know everything.
We have to prepare our young generation for this. "Future Shock" as predicted by
Alvin Toffer is no longer a distant phenomenon. It is already here with us. The
younger generation has to be equipped by education to be able to manage the
future shocks that lie in store for them. To be able to cope with and manage change
occurring at a dizzying speed has to be the purpose of education.

The educational systems of Japan and South Korea have long, tough work schedules
for students and it is no coincidence that both these countries are doing well. It is
also interesting to note that the French institution of 'Ecole Maternelle', somewhat
akin to a pre-school, tries to inculcate disciplined and logical thinking even in small
children. Three-to-five years olds do not play games all the time in such institutions.
Some work and seriousness is introduced even for tiny-tots there. Every week each
child is asked to choose a book from the library corner to take home for the
weekend. The next week, each one of them is required to make a brief presentation
as to why he chose the book. Was it because of the size, or the colour of the cover,
or the photographs or the illustration in it?

The Chinese too lay tremendous stress on hard work in education. Li Tieying, a
Chinese official put it very succinctly when he recently told Gyaincain, Lama, the
Panchen Lama, chosen by the Chinese, "Love your country and study hard".

Against such a background, where is the question of taking education as a joyful

activity? It is too serious an issue to be taken casually. The question at stake is of
survival and therefore our responses have to be quick and adequate. We have to
take education seriously as a disciplined activity on which our future depends. We in
India have to prepare to face the 'challenges of learning' and look for just joy in it.
If the nation has to compete and progress fast, hard work is the only solution.
School and college going students should be made to toil hard if we want the next
generation to be tough competitors on the world stage.
1. "Globalisation of economy" has impacted education in India by

(1) improving the quality of education to enable Indian students to overcome competition.
(2) changing the focus from quality to quantity.
(3) creating the need for improving the Indian educational system to enable students to
compete globally.
(4) converting education from an 'activity of pleasure' to an 'activity of pressure'.
(5) opening up the opportunities for students to study abroad.
Solution
2. Through the paragraph starting, "The focus of education is now undergoing
---------------" the author expresses the view that education has to be

(1) knowledge-based.
(2) values-based.
(3) technology-based.
(4) need-based.
(5) career-based.
Solution
3. What was responsible for 'quality education' not being the focus in the years
immediately after independence?

(1) Long years of colonial rule

(2) Mass illiteracy
(3) Lack of infrastructure
(4) Poverty
(5) Lack of willingness to receive education
Solution
4. The author mentions all of the following reasons as to why education should not
be taken as a joyful activity EXCEPT:

(1) Our keenness to learn would be blunted otherwise.

(2) Our nation's advancement depends upon it.
(3) Our future depends upon it.
(4) Stiff competition is offered by other countries.
(5) Pace of technological development is on the rise.
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 5 to 7: A number of sentences are given below which
when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled
with a letter. Choose the most logical order of the sentences, from the five choices,
to construct a coherent paragraph.

5. (A) Some childhood disciplines are probably exaggerated or needless.

(B) Psychological bases in the individual for potential aggression, are created by
the deprivations incident to socialization.
(C) Others are carried out with avoidable brutality.
(D) Some things are now known about the sources and dynamics of hostility.
(E) No society fails to box the child's ear at some point though socities differ
greatly in the manner and timing.

(1) BDEAC
(2) DBEAC
(3) ECDAB
(4) EBACD
(5) CDBAE
Solution
6. (A) Yet, the best evidence, as Franz Boas pointed out, is that the judgement of
the masses is sounder than the judgement of the classes on broad questions of
policy where sentiments and values are concerned.
(B) This doctrine must not be perverted into a claim for the common man's
expertness on technical or artistic matter.
(C) All advocates of governments by an elite, from Plato to Hitler and Stalin, have
ridiculed the competence of average citizens to form rational opinions upon complex
issues.
(D) The contemporary thought does not refer to the individual citizen's judgements
but to the collective decisions arrived at in group interaction and dealing with
"matters of common concern which depend upon estimates of probability".
(E) There is no doubt that many nineteenth-century utterances absurdly exalted
the rationality of the common man.

(1) ECBDA
(2) EDBCA
(3) CBDEA
(4) BDCAE
(5) CEABD
Solution
7. (A) Spirit then necessarily appears as something-in-itself, and they are
artworks only in so far as spirit appears to be such.
(B) This is because their spirit emerges from their constitution.
(C) Nevertheless artworks are, along with the objectivity of their spirit, something
made.
(D) This is responsible in no small way for the fetish character of artworks.
(E) Now the spirit in artworks is posited by their structure, it is not something
added from outside.

(1) DBEAC
(2) CDEAB
(3) EDBAC
(4) ABCDE
(5) BDCEA
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 8 to 10: In each question, the word at the top of the set
of 5 sentences is used in five different ways, numbered 1 to 5. Choose the option in
which the usage of the word is INCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.

8. CLEAR

(1) I presume he is not clear what the scheme is all about.

(2) He decided to withdraw his nomination for no clear reasons.
(3) With all these tensions, it is difficult to keep a clear head.
(4) The boxer's experience gave him a clear advantage in the bout.
(5) I cleared a space in my room to accommodate the new computer.
Solution
9. GRIP

(1) The mountaineers were asked to keep a tight grip on the rope.
(2) Radial tyres have better grip in slippery conditions.
(3) After six months in the country, Gouri was slowly getting grip on the language.
(4) The best seller grips you from the first page to the last.
(5) The entire world seems to be in the grip of recession.
Solution
10. CLOSE

(1) He is close to a historic breakthrough.

(2) He should not be close about his past with his fiancée.
(3) I know I will have to foot the bill because he is always close with his money.
(4) The terrorist was kept under close arrest.
(5) He came close to me and whispered but I couldn't understand what he was saying.
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 11 to 14: Read the passage carefully and choose the best
answer for the questions that follow it.

Ben Zimmer, executive producer of a website and software package called the
Visual Thesaurus, was seeking the earliest use of the phrase "you're not the boss of
me." Using a newspaper database, he found a reference from 1953.

But while using Google's book search recently, he found the phrase in a short story
in The Church, a periodical published in 1883 and scanned from the Bodleian Library
at Oxford.

Ever since Google began scanning printed books four years ago, scholars and others
with specialized interests have been able to tap a trove of information that had been
locked away on the dusty shelves of libraries and in antiquarian bookstores.

According to Dan Clancy, the engineering director for Google book search, every
month users view at least 10 pages of more than half of the 1 million out-of-
copyright books that Google has scanned into its servers.

Google's book search "allows you to look for things that would be very difficult to
search for otherwise, "said Mr. Zimmer, whose site is Visual Theasaurus.com.

A settlement in October with authors and publishers who had brought two copyright
lawsuits against Google will make it possible for users to read a far greater
collection of books, including many still under copyright protection.

The agreement, pending approval by a judge this year, also paved the way for both
sides to make profits from digital versions of books. Just what kind of commercial
opportunity the settlement represents is unknown, but few expect it to generate
significant profits for any individual author. Even Google does not necessarily expect
the book programme to contribute significantly to its bottom line.

"We did not necessarily think we could make money," said Serge Brin, a Google
founder and its president of technology. "We just feel this is part of our core
mission. There is fantastic information in books. Often when I do a search, what is
in a book is miles ahead of what I find on a website."

Revenue will come from advertising sales on pages where previews of scanned
books appear, through subscriptions by libraries and others to a database of all the
scanned books in Google's collection, and through sales to consumers of digital
access to copyrighted books. Google will take 37 per cent of this revenue, leaving 63
per cent for publishers and authors.

The settlement may give new life to copyrighted out-of-print books in a digital form
and allow writers to make money from titles that had been out of commercial
circulation for years. Of the seven million books Google has scanned so far, about
five million are in this category.

Even if Google had gone to trial and won the suits, said Alexander Macgillivray,
associate general counsel for products and intellectual property at the company, it
would have won the right to show only previews of these books' contents.

Users are already taking advantage of out-of-print books that have been scanned
and are available for free download. Clancy was monitoring search queries recently
when one for "concrete fountain molds" caught his attention. The search turned up
a digital version of an obscure 1910 book, and the user had spent four hours
perusing 350 pages of it.

For scholars and others researching topics not satisfied by a Wikipedia entry, the
settlement will provide access to millions of books at the click of a mouse. "More
students in small towns… are going to have a lot more stuff at their fingertips," said
Michael A. Keller, university librarian at Stanford.

When the agreement was announced in October 2008, all sides hailed it as a
landmark settlement that permitted Google to proceed with its scanning project
while protecting the rights and financial interests of authors and publishers. Both
sides agreed to disagree on whether the books scanning itself violated authors' and
publishers' copyright.

In the months since, all parties to the lawsuits - as well as those, like librarians,
who will be affected by it - have had the opportunity to examine the 303-page
settlement document and try to digest its likely effects.

Some librarians expressed fears that Google might charge high prices for
subscriptions to the book database as it grows. Although nonprofit groups like the
Open Content Alliance are building their own digital collections, no other significant
private-sector competitor is in the business. In May, Microsoft ended its book
scanning project, effectively leaving Google as a monopoly corporate player.

David Drummond, Google's chief legal officer, said the company wanted to push the
book database to as many libraries as possible. "If the price gets too high," he said,
"We are simply not going to have libraries that can afford to purchase it."

For readers who might want to buy digital access to an individual scanned book, Mr.
Clancy said, Google was likely to sell at least half of the books for $5.99 or less.
Students and faculty at universities who subscribe to the database will be able to
get the full contents of all the books free.

For the average author, "this is not a game changer" in an economic sense, said
Richard Sarnoff, chairman of the Association of American Publishers and president
of the digital media investments group at Bertelsmann, the parent company of
Random House, the world's largest publisher of consumer books.

"They will get paid for the use of their book, but whether they will get paid so much
that they can start living large - I think that's just a fantasy," Mr. Sarnoff said. "I
think there will be a few authors who do see significant dollars out of this, but there
will be a vast number of authors who see insignificant dollars out of this."

But, he added, "a few hundred dollars for an individual author can equate to a
considerable sum for a publisher with rights to 10,000 books." So far, publishers
that have permitted Google to offer searchable digital versions of their new in-print
books have seen a small payoff. Macmillan, the company that owns publishing
houses including Farrar, Straus & Giroux and St. Martin's Press and represents
authors including Jonathan Fanzen and Janet Evanovich, offers 11,000 titles for
search on Google.

11. Why, according to the passage, would the October 2008 settlement not be a
game changer for the average author?

(1) The books of the average author may not be digitised.

(2) Royalty earned may not be as high as hoped for.
(3) Students and faculty at universities get the full contents of all the books free.
(4) The average author's books may not be accessed by many digitally.
(5) Google may not compensate the average author adequately.
Solution
12. Which of the following may NOT be a fallout of the October 2008 settlement?

(1) Scanning books will amount to a violation of copyright law.

(2) Students who otherwise may not have access to some books may gain access now.
(3) The amount spent by universities on purchase of books may be saved considerably.
(4) A publisher may earn substantially.
(5) Out-of-print copyrighted books may come back to circulation.
Solution
13. Through the reference to the phrase, "you are not the boss of me", the author
focuses on

(1) the detection of copyright violations.

(2) the antiquity of the books one can have access to if they are digitized.
(3) the extent of access to information when books are brought out in digital form.
(4) the economically profitable ways of putting books in digital form.
(5) the legality of digitizing copyright books.
Solution
14. What can be inferred as the 'core mission' of Google from the passage?

(1) To obtain maximum profit from digitizing books.

(2) To help the authors and publishers to do well economically.
(3) To encourage the habit of net scanning in the public.
(4) To widen the knowledge base of the people.
(5) To aid in settling copyright suits.
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 15 to 18: Read the passage carefully and choose the best
answer for the questions that follow it.

Over the last few decades, and especially since the 1980s, we have passed into an
era broadly described as the era of 'globalization'. Like many other moments in
history, the contemporary moment is a complex one and demands serious critical
enquiry. One of the dominant forces that is shaping some of the sweeping changes
in contemporary economic, political, cultural and social spaces across the planet,
albeit in different ways and with different experiences, is often described as the
'market'. But on close scrutiny, the 'market', as we experience it today, turns out to
be far from a simple, monolithic formation of power that can be easily identified and
addressed. On the contrary, it is a complicated multi-locational, multi-centred
network that involves various processes of power, nourished and nurtured by
increasingly globalised flows of capital. It is also very simplistic to look at the
market as replacing the nation-state as the central structure of communities, the
controller of our destinies. Our encounters with the World Trade Organisation
(WTO), the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and such other forums
indicate that even in the age of the market, all nation-states are not equal, and
long-running histories of colonial and postcolonial power equations continue to
make these divides wider by the day.

To explore the nature of the multiple processes loosely termed as 'globalisation', we

need to identify certain changes and their impact on issues and populations that we
are concerned with. In this regard, the issue of the influence of globalisation on
women assumes great significance. Today, we are clearly noticing that both
production and consumption of goods take place on a transcontinental,
transnational and transcultural scale. Global capital has put in place the machinery
for producing goods across the planet, often producing components of the same
product in centres which are thousands of kilometres away from each other. They
are also busy producing a global consumer community for the consumption of these
goods. The need to deliver customers to the markets has been the primary force
behind the growth of television as 'the medium' for the late twentieth and early
twenty-first century. Experiments are on with the 'e-mail', but its full impact is yet
to be known in a country like India.

This planetary expansion of production and consumption machinery has had an

interesting impact on women. For a large number of multinational companies,
women have emerged as the primary work force in millions of sweat-shops set up
especially in the poorer countries. The reasons have been various. Perhaps it is not
too difficult to guess them either. There is a long history of how women's labour as
unpaid domestic labour and lowly-paid industrial labour has helped to maximize
profits. Traditions of social subordination and their urgent need to feed selves and
families when men are not known for being very responsible have also possibly
made them a work force easy to control.

The induction of women into the global industries, in however exploitative

circumstances, did seem to have a positive side. The assumption was that an entry
into production relations, away from unpaid domestic labour and oppressive
patriarchal regimes, would offer women a certain kind of emancipatory space,
however limited. The assumption perhaps has a certain validity, but contemporary
experiences also show that the initial expectations have been belied. The violence,
vulnerability and violation of human and workers' rights in these global sweat-
shops are forcing women to reconsider their decisions and some are choosing to go
back to their families, probably choosing the lesser of the two evils in complex
calculations of survival. This again is feeding into a valorisation of domesticity in
popular culture.

Nevertheless, poorer women continue to be a major industrial work force for

producing global consumer goods, while middle-class women have emerged as
global consumers. The contemporary experience of the Indian middle classes shows
that a large number of women are taking charge of domestic management. The
growing number of women in our schools and colleges does not tally with the
numbers entering the job market. The majority of them are going into new homes
through marriage. They are no longer responsible for physical reproduction alone,
but also for the maintenance and well-being of their children, and for the
procurement and development of their educational, cultural and extra-curricular
capital to maximize opportunities in adult life. Even sports is no longer something
children engage in just for pleasure; it is increasingly seen as an investment to
explore future careers, anxiously watched over by mothers.

Greater care of the self is also evident among these women, for a whole host of
reasons. Greater visibility of women in social spaces outside the four walls of the
home, the shift from traditional ingredient-based beauty care to brand choices and
the need to perform as capable care providers in today's 'smart' nuclear families are
among the reasons which prompt women to enter the self-care market in a major
way. We are noticing a redefinition and revalorisation of the domestic in media
spaces, which underlines the need to address the relationship between the global
and the domestic. It is in this context of women's 'self-care', which is being
increasingly located within the logic of familial demands, on the one hand, and pro-
active inputs from the global market, on the other.

The interactions are by no means limited to the economic realm alone. The
consumption of a physical product is closely linked with and often dependent upon
the cultural consumption of its image and messages. Billions of dollars are spent
across the world to invoke desired responses among target consumers, of whom a
vast majority are women. The media space is replete with images of women and
messages to win them over. These images are not restricted to advertising
commercials alone but a much larger environment of communication, where
consumption is seen as the primary mode of inclusion in a global community of
consumers.

For long, in academia, we have been rather sceptical, if not dismissive, about the
processes of consumption. We have also summarily dismissed most images of
women in the media, as products of patriarchal values. But contemporary
experience shows us that women are not just passive consumers of media images,
they often actively seek and embrace them. It is only recently that our awareness of
popular culture has begun to question the models of high and mass cultures,
organized deception and mindless devouring of mass-produced garbage. People do
make choices, although, as Marx has pointed out, not in conditions of their own
choosing. It is time that we grant people, ordinary and everyday people, men and
women, greater agency in their processes of negotiation with the larger world. It is
important that we problematize the act of consumption as an important site of
cultural negotiation. It is politically crucial that we make efforts to understand these
processes in greater detail.

15. What do WTO and GATT and such other forums signify, according to the
author?

(1) There is still a need for regulating world trade.

(2) The world has shrunk to become a global village.
(3) International markets still demonstrate the wide gap between the strong and the others.
(4) Divisions among nations are caused by economic disparities.
(5) Certain nations still extend their colonial hegemony over others.
Solution
16. What does the author mean by 'valorisation of domesticity in popular culture'?

(1) Continuance of domestic violence

(2) Domestic roles being projected as meaningful and important
(3) Belittling of the role of women in the domestic circuit
(4) Women's role outside their homes acquiring an aura of valour
(5) Shunning of domestic chores by women
Solution
17. What is the author's advice on 'consumption' as learnt from the passage?

(1) That we consider it with more concern than hitherto

(2) To question the relevance of using women as models of passive consumption
(3) To examine consumption against the back drop of a cultural milieu
(4) To stop devouring mass-produced garbage
(5) To begin customisation of production in lieu of mass production
Solution
18. According to the passage, education of Indian women in larger numbers has
resulted in

(1) their becoming global consumers.

(2) their satisfying the work force needs of industries.
(3) their taking more and more to work in domains hitherto held as purely male.
(4) their securing better prospects in the marriage market.
(5) their providing better guidance to their children.
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 19 to 22: Each of the following questions has a
paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options,
choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.

19. The discoveries of Darwin, Mendel and others put everything on a new footing.
From the popular point of view, laws had been evolved that stated immutable and
water tight connections between biological processes and all sorts of other
phenomena. A magic key had been created which unlocked all previous perplexities
about human behaviour. __________

(1) But subsequently this endeavour fell flat for the want of incontrovertible evidence.
(2) Unfortunately the fact remains that "human mind is insatiable".
(3) Subsequently the gap between the known and the unknown began to close.
(4) Eventually, the mist enshrouding the secret of evolution began to fade away.
(5) Unfortunately, the step from science to mythology is short and attractive.
Solution
20. Culture is like a map. Just as a map isn't the territory but an abstract
representation of a particular area, so also a culture is an abstract description of
trends towards uniformity in the words, deeds and artefacts of a human group. If a
map is accurate and you can read it, you won't get lost. __________

(1) But culture, on the contrary, provides that essential way of life you will need.
(2) If you know a culture you will know your way around in the life of a society.
(3) Similarly, if you imbibe culture it will help you in finding your way in this abstract world.
(4) Similarly culture will equip you with the ideals necessary to sustain life in the society.
(5) But can the same be said about culture?
Solution
21. If you are used to a steam engine but are suddenly confronted with a machine
that is obviously different, what would you do? Wouldn't you try to learn about it
before trying to get work from it? Instead of cursing the engine for lying down on
the job, you would try to find out how it operated. Even if you think a steam engine
is more efficient, you wouldn't treat the new one as a scourge. __________

(1) Human nature, inherently and essentially, is therefore flexible.

(2) Human nature, therefore, relishes change.
(3) But will it be sensible to say that humans have adapted to change?
(4) But even adaptability has its own limitations, doesn't it?
(5) However, we know from our history, that many a man has capitalised every drastic
change in his life.
Solution
22. Russia experienced a burst of growth after 1998, based on the high oil prices
and the benefits of the devaluation which the IMF so long opposed. But as the oil
prices have come down, and the benefits of the devaluation have been reaped,
growth too has slowed. Today, the economic prognosis is somewhat less bleak than
it was at the time of the 1998 crisis, but it is no less uncertain. The government
barely made ends meet when the oil prices - the country's main export - were high.
If oil prices fall as they seem to be, it could spell real trouble. __________

(1) Nevertheless, Russia has an alternative strategy in its arsenal.

(2) But who is to be blamed for this turmoil?
(3) This predicament was nevertheless unexpected owing to Russia's downfall.
(4) The only thing awaiting the former superpower is 'disaster'.
(5) The best that can be said is that the future remains cloudy.
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 23 to 26: Each of the following questions has a
paragraph with one italicised word that does not make sense. Choose the most
appropriate replacement for that word from the options given below the paragraph.

23. The total number of doctorates in epistemology granted in the United States
prior to 1920 was only 53. Before 1930, four American Universities gave the
doctorate in epistemology. Even today there are barely a dozen. And as far as
undergraduate curriculum is concerned, epistemology in any sense has not become
its hoise. In only two or three secondary schools is the instruction on this given
regularly.

(1) adjunct
(2) staple
(3) complement
(4) supplement
(5) crux
Solution
24. It is a well known fact that the Galaxy is extremely big. Practically, measuring
the size of such big objects in miles would be as truncy as measuring the boundary
of India in inches. So, astronomers use a much bigger unit, namely a light year.
With the help of this unit they have been successful in computing large distances.

(1) taxing
(2) unwise
(3) meaningless
(4) purposeless
(5) futile
Solution
25. Is prolonged collaboration between different peoples possible? Science knows
of no definitive evidence to the contrary. Certainly there are splung instances of
peaceful and sometimes long-continued cooperation between groups speaking
different languages and less frequently, between groups of different physical
appearances. Nor have these invariably involved relationships of subordination.

(1) innumerable
(2) regular
(3) rare
(4) common
(5) isolated
Solution
26. An American writer called Thoreau said, "It takes two to speak the truth - one
to speak and another to hear." This is a very important saying and it would stulcify a
great deal of argument and annoyance in life, if people would pay attention to it.

(1) avoid
(2) obviate
(3) avert
(4) divert
(5) deflect
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 27 to 30: Each question consists of four sentences on a
topic. Some sentences are grammatically incorrect or inappropriate. Select the
option that indicates the grammatically correct and appropriate sentence(s).

27. (A) Throughout human history, societies and individuals have been conscious
of the differences that set them off from other societies and other individuals.
(B) Group spokesmen have been eager to assert that their way of dressing, or
marrying or believing were intrinsically superior.
(C) Sometimes the existence of other customs has been treated as an insupportable
affront to the pride of the groups or the laws of its Gods.
(D) This threat to the dominance of the one true way of life has stimulated wars or,
at least, provided handy rationalizations for them.

(1) A
(2) A and C
(3) C
(4) B and C
(5) B and D
Solution
28. (A) We know much less about the details of human heredity than about animal
heredity.
(B) This is partly due to the greater complexities involved, and to the fact that we
do not experiment with human beings.
(C) Also, men mature so slowly that the statistics of their growth rate do not
accumulate as rapidly as the laboratory animals.
(D) Since the beginning of recorded history in Egypt, there have been only 200
human generations whereas the mice have had 24,000.

(1) A and B
(2) B
(3) B and C
(4) A, B and D
(5) B, C and D
Solution
29. (A) Every language is a special way of looking at the world and interpreting
experience.
(B) Concealed in the structure of each different language are a whole set of
unconscious assumptions about the world and the life in it.
(C) The linguist has come to realize that the general ideas one has about what
happens in the world are not altogether given by the external events.
(D) Rather, upto a point, one sees and hears what grammatical system of one's
language has made one sensitive to and has trained one to look for in experience.

(1) A and C
(2) B and D
(3) B and C
(4) A and D
(5) C
Solution
30. (A) There is indeed something that resonates throughout Chomsky's writings.
(B) Chomsky is not a cynical nor a disillusioned man.
(C) To become disillusioned is to have been disillusioned - and this Chomsky is not.
(D) There is no deep affirmation in his writings which cuts through bleakness of
human life.

(1) A
(2) B
(3) A and C
(4) B and D
(5) C and D
Solution

Print

Quantitative Ability
DIRECTIONS for questions 31 to 38: Answer the questions independently of each
other.

31. N positive real numbers have a product of unity. Their sum must be

(1) divisible by N.

(2) .
(3) at least N.
(4) a natural number.
(5) None of these
Solution

32. A straight line passing through the points A(-3, 2) and B(6, 5) intersects the x-
axis at the point P. Find the distance PA.

(1) 8 units

(2)
(3) 6 units

(4)
(5) units
Solution

33. How many integral solutions (x, y) does the equation x y

= xy have?

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
(5) More than four
Solution

34. A graph is defined as a set of points connected by lines called edges. Each edge
connects a pair of points. It is possible to reach any point from any other point
through a sequence of edges. Consider a graph with 15 points. If the number of
edges in the graph is denoted by e, then which of the following best describes e?

(1) 13 ≤ e ≤ 104
(2) 14 ≤ e ≤ 104
(3) 14 ≤ e ≤ 105
(4) 13 ≤ e ≤ 105
(5) 15 ≤ e ≤ 105
Solution

35. Find the remainder when (3264)7 is divided by (8)10.

(1) 0
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 5
(5) 1
Solution

36. A cuboid of dimensions 80 cm × 100 cm × 160 cm is painted on all faces. The

cost of painting was Rs.92. The cuboid is cut into several identical cubes, which are
as large as possible. All the unpainted faces of all the small cubes were also painted.
What is the cost, in rupees, of painting these unpainted faces of the small cubes?

(1) 380
(2) 388
(3) 396
(4) 404
(5) 412
Solution

37. The length of the shortest side of a scalene triangle is 8 cm and that of its
longest side is 20 cm. The length (in cm) of its third side is an integer. Find the
number of possibilities for the length of the third side.
(1) 5
(2) 6
(3) 8
(4) 7
(5) 4
Solution

38. In a group of boys and girls, there are three girls. On every friendship day,
each of the members of the group would send an email to the others to wish them.
On one friendship day, a total of N emails were sent. The total number of emails
sent by the boys to other boys was N - 96. Find the number of emails that the girls
sent to the boys. Assume that no emails were sent on that day except for wishing.

(1) 51
(2) 54
(3) 45
(4) 48
(5) 90
Solution

DIRECTIONS for questions 39 and 40:The question given below is followed by two
statements, A and B. Study the information given in the two statements. Asses
whether the statements are sufficient to answer the question and choose the
appropriate option among the given choices.

39. M is a natural number. Is it divisible by 95?

A. N is of the form 60 k where k is a natural number. M + N = 365.
B. M is divisible by 19.

(1) The question can be answered by only one of the statements.

(2) The question can be answered by using either statement alone.
(3) The question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be
answered by using either statement alone.
(4) The question cannot be answered even when both the statements are used together.
(5)
Solution

40. The GCD of two numbers is 45. What is the ratio of the smaller number to the
bigger?
A. The LCM of the numbers is 4095.
B. The sum of the two numbers is 900.

(1) The question can be answered by only one of the statements.

(2) The question can be answered by using either statement alone.
(3) The question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be
answered by using either statement alone.
(4) The question cannot be answered even when both the statements are used together.
(5)
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 41 to 58: Answer the questions independently of each
other.

41. In a film shooting, a man is running towards a vertical mirror with a speed of
10 m/s along a line which is perpendicular to the plane of the mirror. The mirror is
also moving towards the man with a speed of 6 m/s along the same line. Find the
speed of the man's image in the mirror with respect to the man. (The image of the
man forms on the other side of the mirror such that the distance between the image
of the man and the mirror is equal to the distance between the man and the mirror.)

(1) 16 m/s
(2) 22 m/s
(3) 26 m/s
(4) 8 m/s
(5) 32 m/s
Solution

42. A, B, C have some coins among themselves. A gives to each of B and C one-
third of what each of them already has. Then B does the same, i.e., he gives to each
of A and C one-third of what each of them already has, after which, C also does the
same. If all of them now have the same number of coins, what was the ratio of the
initial number of coins with A, B and C respectively?

(1) 25 : 21 : 18
(2) 18 : 21 : 25
(3) 3:7:6
(4) 6:7:3
(5) None of these
Solution

43. If N is a natural number and N! ends with m zeros, then the number of zeros
that (5N)! ends with is always

(1)

(2)
(3) 5m + 1
(4) N + m
(5) Cannot be determined
Solution

44. PQRS is a square with centre O and a side of 8 cm. A vertical rod OT stands at
O. ÐPTQ = 60o. Find OT (in cm).

(1)
(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
Solution

45. How many two-digit numbers have their square as 1 more than a multiple of
24?

(1) 30
(2) 31
(3) 32
(4) 29
(5) 27
Solution

46. There is a square field with three cows tethered at three different corners of

the field. The ropes, used to tether the cows, are all of length If the area of
the square field is 784 m2, what is the area of the field that cannot be accessed by
any of the three cows? (assume π = 22/7)

(1) 184 m2
(2) 168 m2
(3) 161 m2
(4) 322 m2
(5) 84 m2
Solution

47. The sum of the tens digit and the hundreds digit of a four-digit number is twice
the thousands digit. The sum of the tens digit and six times the units digit is twice
the sum of the hundreds digit and the thousands digit. The sum of the thousands
digit and five times the units digit is twice the tens digit. Find the sum of all the
four-digit numbers which satisfy the given conditions.

(1) 4269
(2) 9723
(3) 12963
(4) 8538
(5) 12936
Solution

48. The pth and the (p + 3)th term of an arithmetic progression are in the ratio p : p
+ 3. The sum of the first 3p terms of the arithmetic progression and the sum of its
first 4p terms are in the ratio 61 : 108. Find the value of p.
(1) 10
(2) 15
(3) 18
(4) 25
(5) 20
Solution

49. A tap takes 8 seconds to fill a jar and 6 minutes to fill a drum. Ram has to fill
the drum with the jar. First he fills the jar and then brings it to the drum and pours
the water into the drum and immediately returns to the tap and so on. The time Ram
takes to travel from the tap to the drum, or vice versa, is 10 seconds. Unfortunately,
Ram discovers that the jar has developed a leak, which can empty the full jar in 40
seconds. If at t = 0, Ram starts with an empty faulty jar at the tap, then the
minimum time by when Ram can fill the drum is at t =

(1) 30 minutes.
(2) 18 minutes.
(3) 28 minutes.

(4)

(5)
Solution

50. P is a sequence of terms. Its sixth and seventh terms are 24 and 48
respectively. P' is the series obtained by finding the differences of consecutive
terms of P. Similarly (P')' is the series obtained by finding the differences of
consecutive terms of P'. Each term of (P')' is 3. If the terms of each of the series P
and P' are in ascending order, find the thirteenth term of P.

(1) 227
(2) 225
(3) 221
(4) 223
(5) 255
Solution

51. There are 48 coins on a table in a single group. The coins are first divided into
two separate groups such that the number of coins in each group is an even
number. The product of the number of coins in the two groups is noted and the
coins in each group are again divided (if possible) into two groups, each containing
an even number of coins, and again the product of the numbers in each of the two
smaller groups is noted. This process continues until there are 24 groups containing
2 coins each. What is the sum of all the products?

(1) 1012
(2) 1104
(3) 506
(4) 552
(5) Depends on the way the coins are divided
Solution

52. Find the value of

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
Solution

53. Two persons, A and B, start running simultaneously, from a point O, on a

circular track in the same direction. If the ratio of their speeds is 6 : 1 respectively,
how many times are they diametrically opposite each other before they meet at O
for the next time?

(1) 3
(2) 4
(3) 5
(4) 6
(5) 7
Solution

54. If y = min {|6x - 4|, |12 - 9x |}, find the range of x for which the value of y
increases with x.

(1)

(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)
Solution

55. Nine boxes are numbered 1, 2, …… 9. Each box must be filled with a ball which
is of one of the three colours white, black and yellow. Boxes which are filled with
either a white ball or a black ball must have consecutive numbers. At least 6 boxes
must be filled with a yellow ball. Find the number of ways in which the boxes can be
filled.

(1) 83
(2) 107
(3) 93
(4) 97
(5) 103
Solution

56. The function g(x) = |x - 4| + |4.5 - x| + |4.8 - x| where x is a real number

attains its minimum value at

(1) x = 4.1
(2) x = 4.2
(3) x = 4.5
(4) x = 4.4
(5) None of the above
Solution

57. P, Q and R are points on a circle. PQ, QR and RP are tangents to another circle.
The two circles are concentric. The area of the outer circle is 48 sq.cm. Find the area
(in sq.cm) of triangle PQR.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
Solution
58. The perimeters of a circle, a regular hexagon and a rectangle are equal. If the
areas of the circle, the regular hexagon and the rectangle are denoted by C, H and R,
which of the following holds true?

(1) C>H>R
(2) R>H>C
(3) C>R>H
(4) H>R>C
(5) Cannot be determined
Solution

DIRECTIONS for questions 59 and 60:The question given below is followed by two
statements, A and B. Study the information given in the two statements. Asses
whether the statements are sufficient to answer the question and choose the
appropriate option among the given choices.

59. PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral and RS = 8 cm. Find the area of PQRS.
A. One of the angles P, Q, R and S is 90o.
B. RS and QR are equidistant from the centre of the circle circumscribing PQRS.

(1) The question can be answered by using statement A alone but not by using statement B
alone.
(2) The question can be answered by using statement B alone but not by using statement A
alone.
(3) The question can be answered by using either of the statements alone.
(4) The question can be answered by using both the statements together but not by either of
the statements alone.
(5) The question cannot be answered on the basis of the two statements.
Solution

60. There are three families - A, B and C. A had two members, B had three
members and C had four members. In 1995, the average age of the three families is
25 years, 21 years and 23 years respectively, some years later a child was born in
one of the families. In which family was the child born and when was it born?
Assume that all members in all the families are alive till 2008.
A. In 2000, the average age of all the members in A and B is 27.6 years.
B. In 2005, the average age of all the members in B and C is 29 years.

(1) The question can be answered by using statement A alone but not by using statement B
alone.
(2) The question can be answered by using statement B alone but not by using statement A
alone.
(3) The question can be answered by using either of the statements alone.
(4) The question can be answered by using both the statements together but not by either of
the statements alone.
(5) The question cannot be answered on the basis of the two statements.
Solution

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DIRECTIONS for questions 61 to 64: Answer the questions independently of each

other.

61. If the monsoon arrives on time, then at least one of the following will take
place: br(i) Inflation will not increase. br(ii) Procurement prices will be
rationalised.

Which of the following statements can be logically deduced from the above
information?

(1) If the monsoon arrives on time and inflation does not increase, then procurement prices
will not be rationalised.
(2) If the monsoon arrives on time and procurement prices are not rationalised, then inflation
will increase.
(3) If the monsoon does not arrive on time and inflation increases, then procurement prices
will be rationalised.
(4) If the monsoon does not arrive on time and inflation increases, then procurement prices
will not be rationalised.
(5) If the monsoon arrives on time and inflation increases, then procurement prices will be
rationalised.
Solution
62. Money lenders cheat a villager, if the villager cannot read. Every villager who
completed schooling can read. Only those who can read can write. If Ghanshyam, a
villager, was not cheated by the money lenders, which of the following can be
concluded about Ghanshyam?

(1) He completed schooling but cannot write.

(2) He can write.
(3) He can read and but cannot write.
(4) He can read and may be able to write.
(5) He completed schooling and can also write.
Solution
63. Every time a player commits a foul, he is shown a red card or a yellow card. A
player who was shown a yellow card only once is allowed to continue in the game. A
player cannot be sent out unless he is shown a yellow card twice or a red card once.
Which of the following can be inferred, if a player was sent out?

(1) The player was shown a red card.

(2) The player was shown two yellow cards.
(3) The player has committed at least one foul.
(4) The player was shown at least one yellow card.
(5) None of these
Solution
64. Fears and fantasies of human beings lure them to take drastic decisions. Only
those who have visited a psychologist do not have fears and fantasies. If a person
has visited a psychologist, then

(1) he/she may not take drastic decisions.

(2) he/she will not take drastic decisions.
(3) the psychologist takes drastic decisions.
(4) he/she will not have fears and fantasies.
(5) More than one of the above.
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 65 to 67: Answer the questions on the basis of the
information given below.

The average is computed as: Runs scored divided by the number of innings in which
the batsman was out.

65. The batsman with the highest number of not-outs is

(1) Tendulkar.
(2) Dravid.
(3) Ganguly.
(4) Kaif.
(5) Yuvraj.
Solution
66. Tendulkar had set for himself a target of 10 not-outs and also a total-runs
target in his 50 matches. At the end of the 50 matches, he found that he fell short of
the total-runs target that he had set for himself by 10%. By what percent is his
actual average less than the targeted average?

(1) 10%
(2) 15%
(3) 20%
(4) 25%
(5) None of these
Solution
67. Had Kaif played four more innings and scored 320 runs more, then the
approximate percentage change in his average would have been

(1) 20.
(2) 25.
(3) 30.

(4) .
(5) Cannot be determined
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 68 to 70: Answer the questions on the basis of the
information given below.
In a chess tournament, each of the 10 players, A through J, played every other
player exactly once. 1 point is awarded for a win, half a point for a draw and 0
points for a loss. The player with the highest number of points, at the end of the
matches, is ranked first and he will be the winner of the tournament. The player
with the next highest number of points is ranked second, the next one third and so
on. If two players end up with the same number of points, the one with more
number of wins is ranked better among the two. If two players have the same
number of points as well as wins, both of them will be ranked the same. The
following is a partially filled table of points scored by the players at the end of the
tournament.

In the above table, the number of points scored by some players in the matches
against some of the other players are given. For example, A scored 1 point in the
match against C.

68. Which player was ranked second in the tournament?

(1) A
(2) B
(3) H
(4) D
(5) I
Solution
69. Which player had the maximum number of draws?

(1) A
(2) H
(3) F
(4) J
(5) D
Solution
70. Which of the following pairs of players are ranked the same?

(1) A and B
(2) D and H
(3) C and E
(4) F and G
(5) D and G
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 71 to 75: Answer the questions on the basis of the
information given below.
Five cricket teams - CGSI, SVIT, MITS, GMIT and NGIS - participated in a Twenty20
cricket tournament. By the end of the tournament, it was observed that across all
the five teams, only a total of nine players - Anant, Bharath, Chinmay, Danny,
Ehsaan, Firoz, Govind, Harish and Ishaan - were there, each of whom had scored 50
or more runs in at least one match in the tournament.

Table - I gives the details of the number of matches in which each of these nine
players scored 50 or more runs, 100 or more runs, and 150 or more runs.

Table - II gives the details of the number of instances in which a player from the
given teams scored runs from 50 to 99, 100 to 149 and 150 or more.

71. Ishaan is from which college?

(1) CGSI
(2) GMIT
(3) MITS
(4) NGIS
(5) Cannot be determined
Solution
72. Who among the following players is/are from GMIT?

(1) Firoz
(2) Harish
(3) Ishaan
(4) Both Firoz and Ishaan
(5) Both Harish and Firoz
Solution
73. How many of the nine players are from SVIT?

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 1 or 2
(5) 2 or 3
Solution
74. Who belongs to the same Team as Firoz?

(1) Chinmay
(2) Harish
(3) Ishaan
(4) Chinmay or Harish
(5) Chinmay or Ishaan
Solution
75. From among the nine players given, the maximum number of players belong to
which team?

(1) CGSI
(2) SVIT
(3) MITS
(4) GMIT
(5) Cannot be determined
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 76 to 79: Answer the questions on the basis of the
information given below.
BBA is a leading manufacturer of power plants. It plans to install power plants in
five different categories - Thermal, Hydel, Nuclear, Wind and Solar - in each of the
three countries - India, U.K. and U.S.A.

The bar graph given below shows the planned power capacity (in MW) in each of the
top three categories (in terms of the planned power capacity) in the three countries.

In any country, the planned power capacity (in MW) in any category is a distinct
integer value.

The total planned power capacity (in MW), in all the five categories put together, in
India, U.K. and U.S.A. is 7200, 6000 and 8000 respectively. A power index (P-index)
is defined for each category and it is equal to the middle number when the planned
power capacities (in MW) in that category, across the three countries, are arranged
in the decreasing order.

76. For which of the following category(ies) is the total planned power capacity, in
all the three countries put together, definitely more than that for Thermal?

(1) Wind
(2) Hydel
(3) Nuclear
(4) Both Wind and Nuclear
(5) Both Hydel and Nuclear
Solution
77. Equipped with only the above information, Jacob, COO of BBA, made a list of all
the categories in which the total planned power capacity, in all three countries put
together, could possibly be the least among all the categories. He also made a
similar list of all the categories in which the total planned power capacity could
possibly be the highest. Which of the categories will appear in both the lists?

(1) Wind
(2) Hydel and Solar
(3) Thermal
(4) Wind and Solar
(5) Wind and Thermal
Solution
78. At most how many of the five categories can have the same P-index?

(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 0
(5) 5
Solution
79. The planned power capacity (in MW) in at most how many of the five given
categories can have the same value?

(1) 0
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
(5) 5
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 80 to 84: Answer the questions on the basis of the
information given below.
In a certain species of mammals found in the equatorial region of Zaire, there were
some healthy animals and unhealthy animals. A couple comprises two adult animals
- an adult male and an adult female. Each adult animal has only one partner per
year.

The number of offspring born to a couple per year depends on the health condition
of the adult male and the adult female, which comprise the couple, and is as given in
the table below.
Statistics of this species show that in one particular year,
(a) the total number of couples is same as the total number of single adult animals,
which, in turn, was 26.
(b) the number of healthy adult males is same as the number of healthy adult
females, which was 18. Also, there were two healthy adult males which were single.
(c) the offspring was healthy if and only if both parents were healthy.
(d) the number of healthy and unhealthy offspring born during the year was 24 and
33 respectively.

80. In that year, what is the number of couples with both partners being
unhealthy?

(1) 7
(2) 4
(3) 3
(4) 8
(5) 5
Solution
81. In that year, the number of healthy adult females which were single is

(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 5
(5) Cannot be determined
Solution
82. What is the number of couples in that year with only one of the partners being
healthy?

(1) 9
(2) 11
(3) 12
(4) 15
(5) 17
Solution
83. If during that year, all the healthy offspring born were male and all the
unhealthy offspring born were female, what is the maximum number of offspring
possible in the next year, assuming that all the offspring reach adulthood by next
year and all animals survive?

(1) 127
(2) 126
(3) 102
(4) 150
(5) 122
Solution
84.By using the information given in the above question, what is the least possible
number of offspring in the next year, if no female is left single?

(1) 98
(2) 102
(3) 105
(4) 108
(5) 111
Solution
DIRECTIONS for questions 85 to 90: Answer the questions on the basis of the
information given below.
Each of five friends - A, B, C, D and E - placed bets among themselves. Each person
placed at most one bet with every other person and none of the bets ended as a
draw. The money involved in each bet is called as the stake of that bet and the
person who wins the bet gets the stake of that bet from the person who lost the bet.
The total money got by any person in all the bets he won is called as his gain and
the total money lost by any person in all the bets that he lost is called as his loss.
The following information is also known:

(i) No two persons won the same number of bets and no two persons lost the same
number of bets.
(ii) For any person, the stakes of any two bets are different.
(iii) The stake of any bet is an integer amount (in Rs.) and is neither less than Rs.4
nor more than Rs.21.
(iv) Neither the gain of any person who won at least one bet nor the loss of any
person who lost at least one bet is less than Rs.20 or more than Rs.40.
(v) The sums of the stakes (in Rs.) of all the bets placed by each of A, B, C, D and E
are 55, 37, 40, 55 and 53 respectively.
(vi) The number of bets won by D is equal to the number of bets lost by A. The
number of bets lost by C is more than the number of bets lost by D.
(vii) E won Rs.17 against A and the stake involved in the bet between C and D is
Rs.4. The gain of A is equal to the loss of D.

85. The person who won the maximum number of bets is

(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) E
(5) D
Solution
86. The person who won the same number of bets as he lost is

(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) E
Solution
87. The stake (in Rs.) in the bet between B and C is
(1) 8
(2) 7
(3) 6
(4) 5
(5) 4
Solution
88. What is the total loss (in Rs.) of A?

(1) 25
(2) 30
(3) 35
(4) 33
(5) 34
Solution
89. What is the amount (in Rs.) that A lost to D?

(1) 10
(2) 12
(3) 14
(4) 16
(5) Cannot be determine
Solution
90. For how many persons is the gain more than the loss?

(1) 4
(2) 3
(3) 2
(4) 1
(5) Cannot be determine
Solution