UNIT 2

Chapter 3
ORGANISATION OF DATA
Key Points
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Organisationofdatareferstothesystematicarrangementoffigures(raw data) in such a form that comparison of masses of similar data may be facilitated and further analysis may be possible. Classfication is the process of arranging data into sequences and groups according to their common characteristics of separating them in to different but related parts. Characteristics of classification

Homogeneity
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Clarity

Flexibility

Diversification

Suitability

A variable is a characteristic which is capable of being measured and capable of change in its value from time to time. Basis of classification Raw data can be classified as 1. Chronological classification In such a classification data are eclassified either in ascending or in decending order with reference to time such as years, quarters, months weeks etc. S patial classification the data are classified with reference to geographical location such as countries, states cities, districts, etc.

2. 3.

Qualilative classification data are classified with reference to descriptive characteristics like sex, caste, religion literacy etc. 4. Thewholepageismissingpleaseseeoriginalmanuscript,andtypeit. The class midpoint or class mark is the middle value of a class. It lies halfway betweenthe lowerclass limit andthe upper classlimit ofa class and can be ascertained in the following manner : class midpoint = upper class limit + lower class limit/2. 18 XIEconomics

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K K

The classes, by the exclusive method are formed in such a way that the upperclasslimitofoneclassequalsthelowerclasslimitofthenextclass. In comparison to the exclusive method, the inclusive method does not excludes the upper class, limit in a class interval. It includes the upper class in a class. Thus both class limits are parts of the class intervals. The classfication of data as a frequency distribution has an innerent short coming. While it summarises the raw data. making it concise and comprehensible. It does not show the details that are found in raw data. So there is a loss of information in classifying raw data. A mass of data in its crude form is called raw data. It is an unorganised mass of the mass of the various items. Classificationofdataimpliesconversionofrawdataintostatisticalseries. Broadly statistical series are of two types : Types of series

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Individual series

Frequency series

Discrete series or frequency array

Frequency distribution or continuous series

Individual series are those series in which the items are listed singly. For example Sr. No. of Labourer 1 2 3 4 5 6 Daily wages (In Rs.) 25 50 35 40 20 45

A discrete series or frequency array is that series in which data are prescribed ina waythat exactmeasurements ofitems areclearly shown. The example in following table illustrates a frequency array : 19 XIEconomics

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Frequency array of the size of household Size of the household Number of household 1 5 2 15 3 25 4 35 5 10 6 5 A continuous series : It is that series in which items cannot be exactly measured. The items assume a range of values and are placed whithin therangeorlimits.Inotherwordsdataareclassifiedintodifferentclasses with a range, the range is called classintervals. Frequency distribution or continous series Marks 1020 2030 3040 4050 5060 6070 1 Marks Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is meant by organisation of data? State the meaning of classification. What is meant by homogeneity of data? State the meaning of qualitative classification. Define raw data. Define discrete series or frequency array. What is meant by exclusive series? Write the name of the series which include all items up to its upper limit. What is meant by frequency? Frequency 4 5 8 5 4 3

10. State the meaning of class intervals.

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3/4 Marks questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. State the objectives of classification. Write the characteristics of a good classification. Define the discrete and continuous variables with the help of example. Write three importances of classification. Make a frequency distribution from following data. Use exclusive method and first class interval is 100110 125 108 120 130 145 137 112 126 144 126 138 150 110 125 142 113 132 150 136 119 137 130 125 132 149 140 166 155 148 154

12. Make a frequency distribution by using the class interval of 4. use exclusive method. 10 25 15 34 17 26 18 13 15 32 24 10 22 14 35 16 16 20 15 22 11 17 18 20 19 23 21 29 24 27 28 19 29 30 33 23 18 19 18 31

5/6 Marks question 1. 2. 3. What is loss of information in classified data. Do you agree that classified data is better than raw data? Why? Explain types of classification of data?

Answer of 1 mark questions. 1. Organisation of data refers to the systematic arrangement of figures in such aform that comparisonof masses ofsimilar data maybe facilitated and further analysis may be possible. Classification is the grouping of related facts into different classes. The similarity of features of all the units of a class called homoginity. The classification according to qualities or attributes of the data called qualitative classification. 21 XIEconomics

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5. 6.

A mass of data in its crude form is called raw data. It is an unorganised mass of the various items. A discrete series of frequency array is that series in which data are presented in a way that exact measurement of items are clearly shown. When the class intervals are so fixed that the upper limit of one class intervalisthelowerlimitofthenextclassintervalitiscalledanexclusive series. Inclusive series. Frequency is number of times an item repeats itself in the series.

7.

8. 9.

10. Theclassintervalsarethelowestandhighestvaluesthatcanbeincluded in the class.

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