Professional Documents
Culture Documents
()
_________________________________________________________________I
__________________________________1
1.1 (Direct Current)_________________________________________________2
1.2 (Alternating Current)_____________________________________________3
1.3 ___________________________________________________5
1.3.1 (Solar Energy).............................................................................................................5
1.3.2 (Nuclear Energy)............................................................................................................6
1.3.3 (Wind Energy)................................................................................................................7
1.3.4 (Hydroelectric Energy)..................................................................................................8
1.3.5 (Coal-fired Energy)..........................................................................................................9
1.4 ________________________________________________________10
1.4.1 (Cell)..............................................................................................................................10
1.4.2 (Battery).....................................................................................................................10
1.4.3 (Adapter)........................................................................................................................11
1.4.4 (Power Supply)..................................................................................................11
____________________________________________________12
2.1 ________________________________________________________13
2.1.1 (Short Circuit)...................................................................................................................13
2.1.2 (Current Leakage).............................................................................................................13
2.1.3 (Polarity)...........................................................................................................................14
2.2 ______________________________________________________15
2.2.1 (Earthing).......................................................................................................................15
2.2.2 (Fuse)..............................................................................................................................16
2.2.3 (Earth Leakage Current Breaker)......................................................................17
2.2.4
(Miniature Circuit Breaker)..................................................................................17
__________________________________________18
3.1 __________________________________________________19
3.1.1 (Vacuum Tube)...............................................................................................................19
3.1.2 (Semiconductor).............................................................................................................20
3.1.3 (Transistor).....................................................................................................................21
3.1.4 (Integrated Circuit)......................................................................................................22
3.1.5 (Microcomputer)..........................................................................................................22
3.1.6 (Microprocessor)...................................................................................................22
3.2 ________________________________________24
3.2.1 (Computer Technology).........................................................................................24
3.2.2 (Radar)..............................................................................................................................24
3.2.3 (Satellite)......................................................................................................................26
________________________________________27
4.1 ____________________________________________________________28
4.2 ______________________________________________________29
4.3 ____________________________________________31
4.4 _________________________________________________________________31
4.5 _________________________________________________________________32
_________________________________________34
5.1 ________________________________________________________35
5.2 ______________________________________________________35
5.3 ________________________________________________________36
_____________________________________________37
6.1 ______________________________________________________________38
6.2 _________________________________________________________________39
6.3 _________________________________________________________________40
6.4 ______________________________________________________________41
6.5 ()_________________________________________________________41
6.6 __________________________________________43
6.7 (Multimeter)___________________________________44
______________________________________________45
7.1 ______________________________________________________46
7.2 __________________________________________________________47
7.3 ________________________________________48
II
7.3.1 ........................................................................................................................................48
7.3.2 ........................................................................................................................................48
7.3.3 .....................................................................................................................49
7.4 ______________________________________________________51
7.4.1 ..............................................................................................................................51
7.4.2 ..............................................................................................................................52
7.4.3 ()....................................................................................................................52
7.4.4 (PNP NPN).............................................................................................53
7.4.5 EBC ........................................................................................................53
7.4.6
............................................................................................................................53
_______________________________________________55
8.1 (Diode)________________________________________________________56
8.2 (Transistor)____________________________________________________57
8.3 (Transformer)__________________________________________________58
8.4 (Relay)________________________________________________________60
8.5 (Light Dependent Resistor)_____________________________________61
8.6 (Thermistor)_________________________________________________62
8.7 (Light Emitting Diode, LED)__________________________________63
8.8 (Buzzer)_______________________________________________________64
___________________________________________________65
9.1 ()___________________________________________________66
9.2 ________________________________________________________67
9.3 ________________________________________________________68
9.4 (Inductance)______________________________________________________69
9.5 (Ohms Law)_________________________________________________71
9.6 (Power)________________________________________________________72
III
0.06A1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
Crocodile Clips
50 (Hertz, Hz)50
0.7071.414
(instantaneous value)
(average value)
= x 1.44
1.30.25
6V
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.3.1 (Solar Energy)
(solar
cell)
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.4
1.4.1 (Cell)
()
1.14
1.4.2 (Battery)
1.15
10
1.4.3 (Adapter)
()
220
1.16
1.5V 12V
1.17
11
12
2.1
2.1.1 (Short Circuit)
13
2.1.3 (Polarity)
2.1
14
2.2
2.2.1 (Earthing)
()
(Protective Earthing)
()
15
2.2.2 (Fuse)
200
()
2.2
16
MCB
()
2.3
17
18
3.1
3.1.1 (Vacuum Tube)
()
()
0 V(+V)
(-V)
3.1
19
3.1.2 (Semiconductor)
()
(silicon)
N
P
3.2
20
3.1.3 (Transistor)
P N
3.3
3.4NPN PNP
21
3.1.5 (Microcomputer)
3.6
( )
3.7
3.1.6 (Microprocessor)
22
23
3.2
3.2.1 (Computer Technology)
3.8
3.2.2 (Radar)
3.9
24
25
3.2.3 (Satellite)
3.10
26
27
4.1
(radio wave)()
28
4.2
29
4.1
30
4.3
()
4.2
( )
()
4.3(
)
4.4
(1) 20Hz~20KHz
3000
31
(2)
()
(Amplitude Modulation,AM)
(Frequency Modulation,FM)
(Phase Modulation,PM)
(Demodulation)
4.5
(Noise)
(Line Of Sight)
VHF
30MHz
20MHz
120MHz
1600MHz
(Thermal Noise White
Noise)
32
(Signal-To-Noise Ratio)
33
34
5.1
5.2
5.1
()
5.2
35
5.3
5.3
36
37
6.1
(Jigsaw)
38
6.1
6.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6.2
39
6.3
6.7(1. 2. 3.
4.)
1.
2.
40
6.4
1.
2.
6.16
3. ()
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.5 ()
()
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
41
6.17
42
6.6
6.18
350
43
6.7 (Multimeter)
6.19
0.7A1A
2.5V
3V
44
45
7.1
7.1
46
7.2
7.2
47
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
48
7.3.3
7.3Crocodile Clips
10 01
(probe)
1
0V
0 5V
0V
49
0
1
7.3
50
7.4
()
7.4.1
DCV
DC1.5V
( 3V )
DCV (3V
3V 30V ) 15
1.5V
7.4
51
7.4.2
DCmA
DCmA
7.4.3 ()
1.
2.
3.
4.
R1
LV 0.7V
LV 0.3V
52
R1 R1
(P ) NPN
(N ) PNP
7.4.5 EBC
1. R1 ,
2. , , EC ,
B
3. B, ,
, NPN , ,
, B, , ,
PNP
7.4.6
7.5
1. NPN B
2. NPN E C
BC 7.5
B
B E C B
53
C-E
3. B C-E
4.
EC B E
C
EC
5. R1 EC
R100
54
55
8.1 (Diode)
P
N PN P N
(unidirectional conduction)
8.1
56
8.2 (Transistor)
PN PN P N
PNP NPN PNP NPN
1.
2.
3. ()
1 = 1,000,000
57
8.3 (Transformer)
8.2
8.3
(primary winding)
(secondary winding)
58
(magnetic flux)
59
8.4 (Relay)
8.4
60
(CdS)
8.5
61
8.6 (Thermistor)
(NTC)(PTC)
8.6
62
PN
LED (GaAs)
(GaAsP)
(GaP)(
)
8.7
63
8.8 (Buzzer)
8.8
64
65
9.1 ()
AC CB
E
CB
C A C B E C AB
CB E C B CB
E
9.1
66
9.2
9.2
A B
A B
67
9.3
9.3
A B D1 D3 D2
D4 A B
D1 D3 D2 D4
68
9.4 (Inductance)
1800
1831
(electro-magnetic induction)
69
9.4 U
9.5
(induced e.m.f)
(induced current)
9.6
70
9.6
9.7
V=I x R
(V)(I)(R)
71
9.6 (Power)
(work)
(electrical
power)P Watt (W)
P W
W=P x t
W=VIt
P=V x I.
72