Physical and Mechanical Testing Standards Page 1 of 6

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Standards

ASTM's physical and mechanical testing standards provide guides for the proper procedures employed in
the determination of the physical, mechanical, and metallographic properties of certain materials,
particularly metals and alloys. Using test methods such as scanning electron microscopy, hole-drilling
strain-gage method, semiautomatic and automatic image analysis, and X-ray diffraction, parameters
like elastic moduli, impact strength, ductility, hardness, residual stress, and grain size are measured.
These physical and mechanical testing standards allow metallurgical laboratories, manufacturers, and
other producers and users of metals and alloys to examine and evaluate such materials for strength and
quality to ensure safety towards their end-use.

List of physical and mechanical testing standards developed by ASTM:

Jump to: Automated Testing Go

Automated Testing

Designation Title
E1856 - 97 Standard Guide for Evaluating Computerized Data Acquisition Systems
(2008) Used to Acquire Data from Universal Testing Machines

Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Designation Title
E4 - 08 Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for
E74 - 06
Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines
Standard Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer
E83 - 06
Systems
E251 - 92 Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic
(2003) Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
E1237 - 93
Standard Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
(2003)
E1319 - 98
Standard Guide for High-Temperature Static Strain Measurement
(2003)
E1561 - 93
Standard Practice for Analysis of Strain Gage Rosette Data
(2003)
Standard Test Method for Ambient Temperature Fatigue Life of Metallic
E1949 - 03
Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
Standard Practices for Verification of Displacement Measuring Systems
E2309 - 05
and Devices Used in Material Testing Machines
Standard Practice for Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for
E2428 - 08
Verifying the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines

Criteria for Metallographic Laboratory Evaluation and Safety

Designation Title
E2014 - 99(2005) Standard Guide on Metallographic Laboratory Safety

Ductility and Formability

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Physical and Mechanical Testing Standards Page 2 of 6

Designation Title
E190 - 92
Standard Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds
(2008)
E290 - 97a
Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
(2004)
E517 - 00
Standard Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio r for Sheet Metal
(2006)e1
E643 - 84 Standard Test Method for Ball Punch Deformation of Metallic Sheet
(2000) Material
Standard Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Exponents (n -
E646 - 07
Values) of Metallic Sheet Materials
E796 - 94
Standard Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
(2000)
Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Metallic Flat Materials for
E855 - 08
Spring Applications Involving Static Loading
E2218 - 02
Standard Test Method for Determining Forming Limit Curves
(2008)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Properties of
E2448 - 08
Metallic Sheet Materials
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Springback of Sheet Metal Using
E2492 - 07
the Demeri Split Ring Test

Grain Size

Designation Title
E112 - 96
Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
(2004)e2
E930 - 99 Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Largest Grain Observed in a
(2007) Metallographic Section (ALA Grain Size)
E1181 - 02
Standard Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes
(2008)

Impact Testing

Designation Title
Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic
E23 - 07ae1
Materials
Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine
E208 - 06
Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
E604 - 83
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
(2008)

Inclusions

Designation Title
E45 - 05e2 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
Standard Practice for Extreme Value Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in
E2283 - 08
Steel and Other Microstructural Features

Indentation Hardness Testing

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Physical and Mechanical Testing Standards Page 3 of 6

Designation Title
E10 - 08 Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 - 08b Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E92 - 82
Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
(2003)e2
E103 - 84 Standard Test Method for Rapid Indentation Hardness Testing of Metallic
(2002) Materials
E110 - 82 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by
(2002) Portable Hardness Testers
Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among
E140 - 07 Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial
Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness
E448 - 82
Standard Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of Metallic Materials
(2008)
E2546 - 07 Standard Practice for Instrumented Indentation Testing

Light Microscopy

Designation Title
E883 - 02(2007) Standard Guide for Reflected–Light Photomicrography
E1951 - 02 Standard Guide for Calibrating Reticles and Light Microscope
(2007) Magnifications

Microindentation Hardness Testing

Designation Title
E384 - 08ae1 Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials

Quantitative Metallography

Designation Title
Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic
E562 - 08
Manual Point Count
E1077 - 01 Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of
(2005) Steel Specimens
E1245 - 03 Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase
(2008) Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis
E1268 - 01 Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of
(2007) Microstructures
E1382 - 97 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size Using
(2004) Semiautomatic and Automatic Image Analysis
E2109 - 01 Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal
(2007) Sprayed Coatings

Residual Stress Measurement

Designation Title
Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-
E837 - 08
Drilling Strain-Gage Method

E915 - 96 Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction

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Physical and Mechanical Testing Standards Page 4 of 6

(2002) Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement

E1426 - 98 Standard Test Method for Determining the Effective Elastic Parameter
(2003) for X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Residual Stress
Standard Practice for Construction of a Stepped Block and Its Use to
E1544 - 99
Estimate Errors Produced by Speed-of-Sound Measurement Systems for
(2004)e1
Use on Solids
E1685 - 00 Standard Practice for Measuring the Change in Length of Fasteners
(2006) Using the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Technique
Standard Practice for Estimating the Approximate Residual
E1928 - 07
Circumferential Stress in Straight Thin-walled Tubing

Specimen Preparation

Designation Title
E3 - 01(2007) Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E340 - 00
Standard Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
(2006)
E381 - 01 Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and
(2006) Forgings
E407 - 07 Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
E768 - 99 Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic
(2005) Inclusion Assessment of Steel
Standard Practice for Preparing Sulfur Prints for Macrostructural
E1180 - 08
Evaluation
E1351 - 01 Standard Practice for Production and Evaluation of Field
(2006) Metallographic Replicas
E1558 - 99
Standard Guide for Electrolytic Polishing of Metallographic Specimens
(2004)
E1920 - 03 Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed
(2008) Coatings
Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastics and Polymeric Specimens for
E2015 - 04
Microstructural Examination

Terminology

Designation Title
E6 - 09 Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

Terminology

Designation Title
E7 - 03 Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography

Uniaxial Testing

Designation Title
E8 / E8M -
Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
08
E9 - 89a Standard Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at
(2000) Room Temperature

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Physical and Mechanical Testing Standards Page 5 of 6

Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of

E21 - 05
Metallic Materials
Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and
E111 - 04
Chord Modulus
E132 - 04 Standard Test Method for Poisson's Ratio at Room Temperature
Standard Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-
E139 - 06
Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E143 - 02
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
(2008)
E209 - 00 Standard Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials at Elevated
(2005) Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heating Rates and Strain Rates
E238 - 84
Standard Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic Materials
(2008)
Standard Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension
E292 - 01
Tests of Materials
E328 - 02 Standard Test Methods for Stress Relaxation Tests for Materials and
(2008) Structures
E345 - 93
Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
(2008)
Standard Practice for Verification of Test Frame and Specimen
E1012 - 05
Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Structural Alloys in Liquid
E1450 - 03
Helium
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus,
E1875 - 08
and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus,
E1876 - 07
and Poisson's Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration

X-Ray and Electron Metallography

Designation Title
E81 - 96
Standard Test Method for Preparing Quantitative Pole Figures
(2007)
E82 - 91 Standard Test Method for Determining the Orientation of a Metal
(2007) Crystal
E766 - 98 Standard Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scanning
(2008)e1 Electron Microscope
E963 - 95 Standard Practice for Electrolytic Extraction of Phases from Ni and Ni-
(2004) Fe Base Superalloys Using a Hydrochloric-Methanol Electrolyte
E975 - 03 Standard Practice for X-Ray Determination of Retained Austenite in
(2008) Steel with Near Random Crystallographic Orientation
Standard Practice for Scanning Electron Microscope Beam Size
E986 - 04
Characterization
E1508 - 98 Standard Guide for Quantitative Analysis by Energy-Dispersive
(2008) Spectroscopy
Standard Test Methods for Rating and Classifying Inclusions in Steel
E2142 - 08
Using the Scanning Electron Microscope

Other standards developed by ASTM committees:

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