Aircraft Regulations Q& A Modules 3 & 4 Approval of Organizations: CAR Series E Part 1 details different Organizations and the

e Approval granted to them under the DGCA Rules & regulations. a) Rule 133B of the Aircraft Rules 1937, lays down the requirements for grant of approval to Organization engaged in manufacture, maintenance, modification, repair, inspection, processing, testing, Storage and distribution of civil aircraft, aircraft components, items of equipment, aircraft goods and Training School and specifies the standards to be followed by these organization(s). b) This CAR stipulates the general requirements, procedures and practices to be adhered to by organizations seeking DGCA approval for manufacture, maintenance, modification, repair, inspection, processing, testing, storage and distribution of civil aircraft, aircraft components, items of equipment, aircraft goods and Training School. c) Organization/s engaged in any one or more of the activities mentioned above shall perform so only after the grant of Certificate of Approval and such organizations be called as Approved Organizations (AO) meeting the requirements of this Series of the CAR. d) The approval when granted will apply to the whole organization having an Accountable Manager acceptable to DGCA. e) An organization, which is located within the territories of India, will be granted approval when it is in compliance with this series of the CAR. f) An organization that is located outside the territories of India will only be granted approval if DGCA is satisfied that there is a need for such approval to maintain Indian registered aircraft/ engine/ components for installation on an Indian registered aircraft and when in compliance with this series of the CAR and AAC 4 of 1998. The approval to organizations is based on the concept of Delegated system of responsibility. The approved organization is primarily responsible for adhering to the airworthiness/safety requirements laid down by DGCA and manufacturer of aircraft engine and components and for carrying out day-to-day activities in accordance with the scope of approval granted. The role of DGCA is to carry out airworthiness oversight of organizations activity with a view to detect any deficiency in the system in adhering to airworthiness standards and suggest appropriate corrective actions. This Civil Aviation Requirement is issued under the provision of Rule 133A.

APPLICABILITY
This CAR is applicable to all organizations engaged in manufacture, processing, testing of aircraft, aircraft components, items of equipment and Training Schools and specifies the standards to be followed by these organization/s. This CAR is also applicable to organizations involved in the maintenance of small aircraft used for non-commercial operations, and components intended for fitment thereto. Note: Small Aircraft means an aircraft, classified as an aeroplane with a maximum takeoff mass of less than 5700 kg, or a single engined helicopter. An organization may seek approval under this CAR in any one or more of the following categories: In accordance with the present CAR Series the organizations are approved under: Category A: Manufacturers - Manufacture of aircraft/ aircraft goods including Aircraft Components and Items of equipment. Category B: Workshop Process and Inspection - Processing of aircraft components by electroplating, anodic treatment, metal spraying, heat treatment etc. of components and inspection of materials and components by non-destructive methods. Category C: Aircraft Maintenance Organization- Maintenance of airframe, engines, electrical system, instruments system, radio system and associated parts and any of the components installed on the aircraft. NOTE: In accordance with the latest Rules these organizations requirements are dealt with in CAR 145.

CAR 145 prescribes the requirements for issuing approvals to organisations for the maintenance of aircraft and aircraft components and prescribes the general operating rules for approved maintenance organisations. The approval, when granted, will apply to the whole organisation headed by the accountable manager.
Category D: Test Laboratories - Chemical analysis physical tests and metallurgical tests and check of the master gauges/ instruments. Category E: Fuel Lubricants and Special products - Bulk storage, compounding, blending and distribution of aviation fuels, lubricants and petroleum products, including Fueling/ Defuelling of aircraft. Category G: Training Schools - Imparting instruction for ab-initio training in the field of aircraft maintenance engineering and/or conducting courses for Licensing/ approving/ authorizing individuals for certifying airworthiness.

Note: For seeking approval in any of the categories the applicant shall comply with the general requirements of this part of the CAR and shall additionally comply with the specific part of this Series E for the category applied for.

General Requirements of Approval of Organistaions: The general requirements for Approval of Organization in any of the above Categories are: 1. Application for the issue of Approval to be submitted to the Regional Airworthiness Office (RAO). a. As per the specified form b. The DD towards the Fee for such approval. c. A Statement signed by the Accountable Manager confirming the compliance of all requirements. 2. Facility Requirements (a) Facilities must be provided appropriate for all planned work, ensuring in particular, protection from the weather elements. Specialised workshops and bays must be segregated as appropriate to ensure that environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur. (b) Office accommodation must be provided appropriate for the management of the sub-paragraph (a) planned work including in particular, the management of quality, planning and technical records. (c) The working environment must be appropriate for the task carried out and in particular special requirements observed, unless otherwise dictated by the particular task environment, the working environment must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not impaired. (d) Secure storage facilities must be provided for aircraft components, equipment, tools and material. Storage conditions must ensure segregation of serviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and tools. The conditions of storage must be in accordance with the manufacturers instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. Access to storage facilities must be restricted to authorised personnel. 3. Personnel Requirements (a) A senior person or group of persons acceptable to DGCA, whose responsibilities include ensuring that the CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation is in compliance with CAR-145 requirements, must be nominated. Such person(s) must ultimately be directly responsible to the Accountable Manager. (b) The Accountable Manager acceptable to DGCA is responsible for establishing and promoting the safety and quality policy specified under CAR-145.65(a).

(c) The Accountable Manager must nominate as per sub-paragraph (a) senior person, with responsibility for monitoring the CAR-145.65(c) quality system including the associated feedback system. Such senior person must have the right of direct access to the accountable manager to ensure that the accountable manager is kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters. (d) In the case of aircraft base maintenance, appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified in accordance with CAR-145.35 and specifically authorised to issue CRS. In addition such CAR-145 approved maintenance organisations must have appropriate aircraft type rated staff qualified in accordance with DGCAs licensing requirements qualified in accordance with CAR-145.35(b) and (e) to support the type rated certifying staff. The CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must maintain a register of qualified support staff. 4. Quality System (a) The CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish a safety and quality policy for the organisation to be included in the CAR-145.70 exposition. (b) The CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish procedures acceptable to DGCA taking into account human factors and human performance to ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with all relevant requirements in this CAR-145 which must include clear work order or contract such that aircraft and aircraft components may be released to service in accordance with CAR-145.50. (c) The CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must establish a quality system that includes; (1) Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required aircraft/aircraft component standards and adequacy of the procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft/aircraft components. In the smallest organisation the independent audit part of the quality system may be contracted to another CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation or a person with appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory audit experience acceptable to DGCA, and, (2) A quality feedback reporting system to the person or group of persons specified on CAR-145.30(a) and ultimately to the accountable manager that ensures proper and timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from the independent audits established to meet CAR-145.65(c) (1) 5. Manual of Organizational Exposition (a) The CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation must provide a maintenance organisation exposition for use by the CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation, containing the following information;

(1) A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that the maintenance organisation exposition and any referenced associated manuals defines the organizations compliance with CAR-145 and will be complied with at all times. When the accountable manager is not the chief executive officer of the CAR-145 approved maintenance organisation then such chief executive officer must countersign the statement. (2) The organizations CAR-145.65(a) safety and quality policy. (3) The title(s) and name(s) of the senior person(s) accepted by DGCA in accordance with CAR-145.30(a). (4) The duties and responsibilities of the senior person(s) specified in subparagraph (3) including matters on which they may deal directly with DGCA on behalf of the CAR145 approved maintenance organisation. (5) An organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility of the senior person(s) specified in sub-paragraph (3). (6) A list of certifying staff. (7) A general description of manpower resources. (8) A general description of the facilities located at each address specified in the CAR-145 approved maintenance organisations approval certificate. The Director of Airworthiness of the concerned RAO office will issue certificate of Approval for all Indian Organizations, except CAT E Organization for which the DAW of the DGCA Head Quarter will issue the Approval.

When all requirements are satisfied the Organization will be approved and issued with a certificate of Approval specifying: Approval Number and Date of Approval Place / Location of the Organization Validity of Approval Scope of work that the organization is approved for.

Note: The validity of approval / renewal of approval shall not exceed 12 months.

Explain the Renewal of Approval of Indian Organizations? Ans: The Approved Organization should apply to the RAO for Renewal of such Approval 30 days prior to the expiry of the same. The following procedure is followed: Application for Renewal CA 182B duly filled Fee as per Rule 133C Statement signed by the Accountable Manager A copy of Internal Audit Report, carried out within 60 days of expiry of the Approval.

The RAO or the Sub-RAO will carry out the inspection at reasonable time and if satisfied will renew the Approval for another term of one year.

What is an Engineering Organization Manual?

Engineering Organization Manual: (This manual is not required to be approved by DGCA but its content may influence DGCA's decision concerning grant of approval.) The manual shall contain:-

i)

A chart or description of the organization. The organizational chart must describe, at a minimum the management personnel and major functions. However, it is recommended that the chart cover the operators entire organization. The duties and responsibilities and authority of management and inspection personnel.

ii)

iii) iv) V)

A general description of the facilities at every approved location. Scope of work authorized by DGCA. A list of contract organizations. The list shall include organizations with whom the certificate holder has arranged to perform any of its maintenance, including a general description of the work and how quality is monitored.

What is the requirement of a Maintenance System Manual: (To be approved by Regional Airworthiness Office in consultation with DGCA Hqrs.) The purpose of this manual is to consolidate the information for the guidance of the engineering staff to ensure aircraft's continued airworthiness and safety as well as safety of personnel engaged in such operation.

The manual shall contain :Procedures that should be followed while performing any maintenance of the certificate holders aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, rotors, components and emergency equipment. These procedures shall include:i) All maintenance is performed in accordance with the manufacturers and DGCA instructions from time to time. ii) Competent personnel, adequate facilities, and equipment are provided for accomplishing maintenance. iii) Each aircraft issued with FRC is airworthy and properly maintained. iv) Those items of maintenance that must be inspected are designated. The designations shall include at least those items, which, if maintenance is not performed properly or if improper parts or materials are used, could result in a failure, malfunction, or defect endangering the safe operation of the aircraft. v) Methods of performing required inspections and the designations of personnel entitled to perform inspections are in the manual. vi) Procedures are included for re-inspecting work performed under previous inspection findings (rejected item procedures) vii) Procedures are included which state the standards and limits for the acceptance or rejection of inspection items. viii) Procedures are included to ensure that all required inspections are performed. ix) Procedures are included to ensure that any maintenance not completed as a result of shift change or similar interruptions are properly completed before the aircraft is released to service. x) A list of required maintenance related forms and the requirements for preparation. xi) The classification of the main bases and route stations and type of maintenance work which they are equipped to undertake. xii) Procedure for certification of aircraft by other organisations at places where the firm's own staff is not available xiii) Procedure for use of spares obtained from other s under a "Pool arrangement. xiii) Detailed procedure for certification of documents connected with the release f aircraft by the 'Maintenance' to 'Operations' at the main bases as well as at the route stations. xv) Procedure for duplicate inspection of flight and engine controls whenever disturbed. xvi) Protective or inhibiting treatment for preventing deterioration due to corrosion / long storage, etc. of aircraft, aircraft component and equipment.

What are the DGCA Directives regarding the Methodology adopted to ensure Continuous Air worthiness Requirements? CAR M:- CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS Rule 50A of the Aircraft Rules 1937 stipulates the conditions necessary for a Certificate of Airworthiness to remaining in force i.e. to keep the aircraft in a state of continued airworthiness. This is ensured by issuing certificates of Airworthiness to an aircraft and subjecting the aircraft to annual airworthiness review certificates (ARC). CAR-M specifies certain technical requirements to be complied by organisations and personnel involved in the maintenance of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances in order to demonstrate the capability and means of discharging the obligations and associated privileges thereof. The CAR-M also specifies conditions of issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking certificates attesting such compliance. It is imperative that owners/operators and lessors/ lessees are aware of their responsibility and accountability of keeping the aircraft in a continuing state of airworthiness. This CAR lays down the requirements of continuing airworthiness and which are harmonized with EASA Part M regulation. The CAR M is applicable to all operators of Indian registered aircraft irrespective of whether such aircraft are maintained by their own organization or by other approved maintenance organization. For organization operating aircraft, compliance with this CAR is mandatory. The compliance will also depend upon the size of the organization. The applicability will include private operators (General Aviation), flying training institutes state governments etc., To provide sufficient time for the aeronautical industry to adapt to the new CARM, the requirements shall enter into force from 31st July 2010. This CAR is released after careful consideration of the comments received on the draft and meetings and workshops held with the aeronautical industry on the subject. Rule 133B of the Aircraft Rules 1937 stipulates that organizations engaged in the maintenance of aircraft and aircraft components shall be approved. This CAR provides common technical standards and guidelines for continued airworthiness of an aircraft and its components and is issued under the provisions of Rule 133A of the Aircraft Rules 1937. CAR-M specifies certain technical requirements to be complied by organisations and personnel involved in the maintenance of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances in order to demonstrate the capability and means of discharging the obligations and associated privileges thereof. The CAR-M also specifies conditions of issuing, maintaining, amending, suspending or revoking certificates attesting such

compliance. It is imperative that owners/operators and lessors / lessees are aware of their responsibility and accountability of keeping the aircraft in a continuing state of airworthiness. This CAR lays down the requirements of continuing airworthiness and which are harmonized with EASA Part M regulation. The CAR M is applicable to all operators of Indian registered aircraft irrespective of whether such aircraft are maintained by their own organization or by other approved maintenance organization. For organization operating aircraft, compliance with this CAR is mandatory. The compliance will also depend upon the size of the organization. The applicability will include private operators (General Aviation), flying training institutes state governments etc., To provide sufficient time for the aeronautical industry to adapt to the new CAR-M, the requirements shall enter into force from 31st July 2010. This CAR is released after careful consideration of the comments received on the draft and meetings and workshops held with the aeronautical industry on the subject. Objective: This CAR establishes common technical requirements and administrative procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including any component for installation thereto, which are: (a) Registered in India; or (b) Registered in a foreign country and used by an Indian operator for which India ensures oversight of operations. The provisions of this CAR related to commercial air transport are applicable to AOC / Permit holders as defined by Rule 134 of the Aircraft Rule. Continuing Airworthiness Requirements: (a) The continuing airworthiness of aircraft and components shall be ensured in accordance with the provisions of this CAR. (b) Organisations and personnel involved in the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and components, including maintenance, shall comply with the provisions of CAR-M, CAR145 and requirements for licensing of aircraft maintenance personnel, as appropriate. (c) By derogation from paragraph (a), the continuing airworthiness of aircraft holding a Ferry Flight Permit shall be ensured on the basis of the specific continuing airworthiness arrangements as defined in the Ferry Flight Permit issued in accordance with CAR Sec-2, Series F Part VII. This CAR shall enter into force with effect from 31st July 2010.

Continuing Airworthiness Tasks: The aircraft continuing airworthiness and the serviceability of both operational and emergency equipment shall be ensured by: 1. the accomplishment of pre-flight inspections; 2. the rectification of any defect and damage affecting safe operation taking into account, for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport, the minimum equipment list and configuration deviation list if applicable to the aircraft type; 3. the accomplishment of all maintenance, in accordance with the M.A.302 approved aircraft maintenance programme; 4. for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the analysis of the effectiveness of the M.A.302 approved maintenance programme; 5. the accomplishment of any applicable: i. airworthiness directive, ii. operational directive with a continuing airworthiness impact, iii. continued airworthiness requirement established by DGCA, iv. measures mandated by DGCA in immediate reaction to a safety problem; 6. the accomplishment of modifications and repairs in accordance with M.A.304; 7. for non-mandatory modifications and/or inspections, for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the establishment of an embodiment policy; 8. Maintenance check flights when necessary. What is AMP? Aircraft Maintenance Programme: (a) Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an Aircraft Maintenance Programme. (b) The AMP and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by DGCA. (c) When the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft is managed by a continuing airworthiness management organisation approved in accordance with Section A, airworthiness management organisation as part of the Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition and shall be approved by DGCA. 2. The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall not use the indirect approval procedure when this organisation is not under the oversight of the State of Registry, unless an agreement exists in accordance with point M.1, paragraph 4(ii) or 4(iii), as applicable, transferring the responsibility for the approval of the aircraft maintenance programme to DGCA. (d) The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with : 1. instructions issued by DGCA. 2. instructions for continuing airworthiness issued by the holders of the type certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair design approval, TSO authorisation or any other relevant approval issued under CAR 21/ EASA 21/ FAR 21. 3. additional or alternative instructions proposed by the owner or the continuing

airworthiness management organisation once approved in accordance with point M.A.302, except for intervals of safety related tasks referred in paragraph (e), which may be escalated, subject to sufficient reviews carried out in accordance with paragraph (g) and only when subject to direct approval in accordance with point M.A.302(b). (e) The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details, including frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks linked to the type and the specificity of operations. (f) For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on Maintenance Steering Group (MSG) logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft maintenance programme shall include a reliability programme. (g) The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that the programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience and instructions from DGCA whilst taking into account new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary type certificate holders and any other organisation that publishes such data in accordance with CAR 21/EASA 21/FAR 21. Subpart G of CAR-M, the aircraft maintenance programme and its amendments may be approved through an indirect approval procedure, provided the amendments are submitted to DGCA local office at least 15 days before their affectivity and the procedure is documented. 1. In that case, the indirect approval procedure shall be established by the continuing airworthiness management organisation as part of the Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition and shall be approved by DGCA. 2. The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall not use the indirect approval procedure when this organisation is not under the oversight of the State of Registry, unless an agreement exists in accordance with point M.1, paragraph 4(ii) or 4(iii), as applicable, transferring the responsibility for the approval of the aircraft maintenance programme to DGCA. (d) The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with: 1. instructions issued by DGCA. 2. instructions for continuing airworthiness issued by the holders of the type certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair design approval, TSO authorisation or any other relevant approval issued under CAR 21/ EASA 21/ FAR 21. 3. additional or alternative instructions proposed by the owner or the continuing airworthiness management organisation once approved in accordance with point M.A.302, except for intervals of safety related tasks referred in paragraph (e), which may be escalated, subject to sufficient reviews carried out in accordance with paragraph (g) and only when subject to direct approval in accordance with point M.A.302(b). (e) The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details, including frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks linked to the type and the specificity of operations.

(f) For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft maintenance programme shall include a reliability programme. (g) The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that the programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience and instructions from DGCA whilst taking into account new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary type certificate holders and any other organisation that publishes such data in accordance with CAR 21/EASA 21/FAR 21. Aircraft continuing airworthiness record system (a) At the completion of any maintenance, the associated M.A.801 certificate of release to service shall be entered in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records. Each entry shall be made as soon as practicable but in no event more than 30 days after the day of maintenance action. (b) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall consist of: 1. an aircraft logbook, engine logbook(s) or engine module log cards, propeller logbook(s) and log cards for any service life limited component as appropriate, and, 2. when required in point M.A.306 for commercial air transport or by DGCA for commercial operations other than commercial air transport, the operators technical log. (c) The aircraft type and registration mark, the date, together with total flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings, as appropriate, shall be entered in the aircraft logbooks. (d) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall contain the current: 1. status of airworthiness directives and measures mandated by the DGCA in immediate reaction to a safety problem; 2. status of modifications and repairs; 3. status of compliance with maintenance programme; 4. status of service life limited components; 5. mass and balance report; 6. list of deferred maintenance. (e) In addition to the authorised release document, CA Form 1/ EASA Form1/ FAA 8130 or equivalent, the following information relevant to any component installed shall be entered in the appropriate engine or propeller logbook, engine module or service life limited component log card: 1. identification of the component, and; 2. the type, serial number and registration of the aircraft to which the particular component has been fitted, along with the reference to the installation and removal of the component, and; 3. the particular component accumulated total flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings and/or calendar time, as appropriate, and; 4. the current paragraph (d) information applicable to the component. (f) The person responsible for the management of continuing airworthiness tasks pursuant to M.A. Subpart B, shall control the records as detailed in this paragraph and present the records to DGCA upon request.

(g) All entries made in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall be clear and accurate. When it is necessary to correct an entry, the correction shall be made in a manner that clearly shows the original entry. (h) An owner or operator shall ensure that a system has been established to keep the following records for the periods specified: 1. all detailed maintenance records in respect of the aircraft and any life-limited component fitted thereto, at least 24 months after the aircraft or component was permanently withdrawn from service, and; 2. the total time and flight cycles as appropriate, of the aircraft and all life-limited components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service. IAW CAR M how the Technical Log Book is used for recording the Continuous Aircraft Maintenance Record? Operator's technical log system (a) In the case of commercial air transport, in addition to the requirements of M.A.305, an operator shall use an aircraft technical log system containing the following information for each aircraft: 1. information about each flight, necessary to ensure continued flight safety, and; 2. the current aircraft certificate of release to service, and; 3. the current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status of what scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due. The maintenance statement may be kept at the operators engineering office: and; 4. all outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the operation of the aircraft, and; 5. any necessary guidance instructions on maintenance support arrangements. (b) The aircraft technical log system and any subsequent amendment shall be approved by DGCA. (c) An operator shall ensure that the aircraft technical log is retained for 36 months after the date of the last entry. M.A.403 Aircraft defects: (a) Any aircraft defect that hazards seriously the flight safety shall be rectified before further flight. (b) Only the authorised certifying staff, according to points M.A.801(b)1, M.A.801(b)2, M.A.801(c), M.A.801(d) or CAR 145 can decide, using M.A.401 maintenance data, whether an aircraft defect hazards seriously the flight safety and therefore decide when and which rectification action shall be taken before further flight and which defect rectification can be deferred. However, this does not apply when: 1. the approved minimum equipment list as mandated by the DGCA is used by the pilot and AME; or, 2. aircraft defects are defined as being acceptable by DGCA.

(c) Any aircraft defect that would not hazard seriously the flight safety shall be rectified as soon as practicable, after the date the aircraft defect was first identified and within any limits specified in the maintenance data. (d) Any defect not rectified before flight shall be recorded in the M.A.305 aircraft maintenance record system or M.A.306 operator's technical log system as applicable. Explain the Procedures relating to registration/ deregistration of aircraft?
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS, SECTION 1 - GENERAL , SERIES 'F' PART I describes the procedures related to Registration and De-Registration of the Aircraft.

Rule 5 of the Aircraft Rules requires that no person shall fly or assist in flying any aircraft unless it has been registered and bears its nationality and registration marks and the name and residence of the owner affixed or painted thereon in accordance with Rule 37. Rule 30 of the Aircraft Rules empowers the Central Government to register an aircraft and to grant a Certificate of Registration in respect thereof. Rule 31 to 37A further describe the legislation with regard to registration of aircraft, its cancellation and change of ownership, the Nationality and Registration Marks and the manner in which they are to be affixed. This part of Civil Aviation Requirements provides detailed requirements for registration of aircraft, which are in compliance with the Aircraft Rules and ICAO Annex 7. It may be noted that the registration by the DGCA is for the purpose of controlling the safety of aviation in India and it in no way establishes the legal ownership of an aircraft. Disputes with regard to the ownership and liabilities of the owners, if any, will have to be decided in a Court of Law.
PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION OF AIRCRAFT:

An aircraft may be registered in either of the following two categories, namely Category 'A' where the aircraft is wholly owned either: i. by citizens of India; or ii. by a company or corporation registered and having its principal place of business within India and the Chairman and at least two-thirds of the Directors of which are citizens of India; or iii. by the Central Government or any State Government or any company or corporation owned or controlled by either of the said Governments; or

iv. by a company or corporation registered elsewhere than in India, provided that such company or corporation has given the said aircraft on lease to any person mentioned in para 3.1(i),(ii) and (iii) above; and Category 'B' where the aircraft is wholly owned either: i. by persons resident in or carrying on business in India, who are not citizens of India; or ii. by a company or corporation registered elsewhere than in India and carrying on business in India. No aircraft in respect of which the conditions required above are not satisfied, or Which Is already validly registered in another country, shall be registered in India. In a case where the usual station of an aircraft and its ordinary area of operation are not situated in India, the DGCA may decline to accept an application for registration of the aircraft in India, or, as the case may be, to permit the aircraft to remain registered in India, if, in its opinion, the aircraft could more suitably be registered in some other country. In any particular case, the DGCA may decline to register an aircraft in India, if, in the circumstances of the case, it appears to it to be inexpedient in the public interest that the aircraft should be so registered. Application for Registration of Aircraft The owner or his authorised representative may apply for registration of the aircraft in the prescribed form CA-28 (Appendix 'A') completed with the following documents at least five working days for aircraft on outright purchase and ten working days for aircraft on lease, before the expected date of issue of Certificate of Registration. i. Customs clearance certificate / bill of entry of the aircraft. ii. Certificate of deregistration from the previous registering authority. iii. An evidence to the effect that the aircraft has been purchased or wholly owned by the applicant. For this purpose, a copy of invoice shall be accepted. iv. For aircraft purchased from a previous owner, an affidavit as required. v. In case the aircraft is taken on dry lease a copy of the lease agreement.

vi. In case the aircraft is owned by a company or corporation, a document of registration of the company and the names, addresses and nationalities of the Directors. vii. A copy of the import license issued by Director General Foreign Trade or permission for import issued by the Ministry of Civil Aviation/DGCA. Where the aircraft is imported for private use, it will be registered in the name of the person or company to whom the import license has been issued. viii. In cases where the aircraft has been mortgaged / hypothecated, the owner/operator shall submit his consent for the same and the papers to this effect. Such a mortgage/hypothecation shall be endorsed on the Certificate of Registration. ix. Fee for registration as prescribed in Rule 35 paid by a DD payable to Pay And Accounts Officer, DGCA, Ministry of Civil Aviation, New Delhi. For aircraft imported under Indian short term Certificate of Registration, the Short-term Certificate of Registration shall be issued only after a confirmation of de-registration and/ or passing of the aircraft title to the operator has been received at DGCA.
CHANGE OF OWNERSHIP

If an aircraft is sold to another person or company, or ceases to be owned by the Owner indicated on its Certificate of Registration, the registered owner shall forthwith notify this fact to the DGCA in accordance with Rule 33 of the Aircraft Rules. The new owner of the aircraft previously registered in India shall forthwith inform the DGCA of the fact of this change of ownership and shall make an application on form CA-28 (Appendix 'A') for registration of the aircraft in their name. In addition to that the application shall be accompanied by an affidavit duly authenticated by a Notary Public/ Oath Commissioner from the old owner confirming his ownership and also indicating that he has sold it to the new owner and has received the sale proceeds in full. Until the Certificate of Registration is granted to the new owner, it shall not be lawful for any person to fly or assist in flying such aircraft except in accordance with a written permission of DGCA.
AIRCRAFT IMPORTED BY AIR

If an application is made for the registration of an aircraft before it is imported in India, for the purpose of bringing the aircraft by air, a temporary Certificate of Registration may be granted under the provision of Rules 30 and 31 and this CAR to the new owner of the aircraft. The temporary Certificate of Registration will be valid only until the first landing at a Customs aerodrome in India.

The tem porary Certificate of Registration shall be surrendered by the owner or his representative to the DGCA along with the application for registration of the aircraft. For the operation of an aircraft with a temporary C of R, an aeromobile station licence shall be required for which an application may be made to the Wireless Advisor, Ministry of Communications.
REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE AND VALIDITY OF REGISTRATION OF AIRCRAFT

On registration, DGCA will assign nationality or common marks for the aircraft. Registration markings shall not be allotted which might be confused with International Code of Signals, especially: a) Registration beginning with the letter Q b) Registrations SOS, XXX, PAN and TTT Upon registration a Certificate of Registration shall be issued to the owner, which will be valid from the date of registration till the date indicated on the Certificate of registration of the aircraft. The Certificate of Registration shall be in Hindi and English languages. In accordance with Article 29 of the ICAO convention and CAR Section-2, Series X Part VII, the Certificate of Registration shall be carried on board each aircraft engaged in air transport operation. The registration of the aircraft will be deemed to have been expired after the date of validity indicated on the C of R, rendering any operation of the aircraft invalid without revalidating its registration. In case of aircraft registered under paragraph 4.1(iv), the registration will be valid so long as the lease is in force and therefore, the period of validity of Certificate of Registration in such cases shall be restricted to the date of expiry of lease agreement. The operator may apply to DGCA Headquarters for varying any particular(s) including extension of validity in the Certificate of Registration. When a new type of aircraft is registered, DGCA shall advise the State of design that It has entered such aircraft on its register. For removing the hypothecation / mortgages name from the Certificate of Registration the owner may apply to DGCA with documents substantiating the same. CANCELLATION OF REGISTRATION OF AIRCRAFT The registration of an aircraft registered in India may be cancelled at any time by the DGCA, if it is satisfied that:i. such registration is not in conformity with para 3.1 of this CAR; or

ii. the registration has been obtained by furnishing false information; or iii. the aircraft could more suitably be registered in some other country; or iv. the aircraft has been destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use; or v. it is inexpedient in the public interest that the aircraft should remain registered in India; or vi. the lease in respect of the aircraft registered pursuant to paragraph 3.1(iv) a) has expired, or b) has been terminated by mutual agreement between the lessor and the lessee, or c) has been otherwise terminated in accordance with the provisions of the Lease Agreement, or vii. the certificate of airworthiness in respect of the aircraft has expired for a period of five years or more. The registered owner or his authorized representatives may apply to DGCA, New Delhi for cancellation of registration, enclosing original C of R. The applicant should also specify the clause of Rule 30 and the relevant paragraph of this CAR under which cancellation is sought. In case, it is proposed to invoke para 9.1(vi)(c) of this CAR, the request for deregistration shall be supported by full explanation regarding the relevant provision of the lease agreement and the justification for using the provisions. Registration fees The following fee shall be payable in respect of a certificate of registration for an aircraft -off weight (i) of 15,000 kilograms or less : (ii) exceeding 15,000 kilograms, : thereof e purpose of registration of the aircraft the maximum takeshall be as indicated in the Flight Manual of the aircraft. 15.5 All fees payable shall be paid by crossed Demand Draft payable to the Pay and Accounts Officer, DGCA, Ministry of Civil Aviation, New Delhi. Issue/ Validation and renewal of Certificate of Airworthiness. Rule 50 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 empowers the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to issue/ renew or validate the Certificate of Airworthiness. Further, Rule 15 requires that all aircraft registered in India possess a current and valid Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) before it is flown unless it is flown for the purpose of flight test in the close vicinity of an aerodrome or the place of its departure. This CAR is issued under the provisions of Rule 133A of the Aircraft Rules, 1937, for information, guidance and compliance by operators who are importing the aircraft or acquiring aircraft manufactured in India and provides requirements for the issue/ validation and renewal of C of A.

Accepted Airworthiness Standards Each aircraft, either manufactured in India or imported into India for which a Certificate of Airworthiness is to be issued or validated, shall conform to the design standards and be in a condition for safe operation. To be eligible for issuance of Certificate of Airworthiness, an aircraft must be Type Certified by DGCA in accordance with Rule 49. The design standards specified in CS/JAR 23 and CS / JAR 25 of Europe and FAR 23 and FAR 25 of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of USA are generally acceptable for light and transport category aircraft. For helicopters, design standards followed by FAA as specified in FAR 27 & 29 are acceptable for light and transport category helicopters, respectively. For issue/ validation of Certificate of Airworthiness of aircraft, which do not fulfill the design standards mentioned above, the owners may consult the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (Director of Research and Development) before importing such aircraft, so that acceptance or otherwise, of the design standards is ensured before the import of the aircraft. Notwithstanding the above, DGCA may require certain special conditions such as installation of equipment/ instruments, modification to be complied with, before accepting/ validating the type certificate for ensuring safety of aircraft operation. Application for issue of C of A and Aircraft Noise Certificate After the aircraft has been registered, the owner or his authorized representative may apply to DGCA on the completed form CA 25 (Appendix 'A' & B) together with the requisite fees prescribed in Rule 62 (Appendix 'E') for issuance of Certificate of Airworthiness at least five working days before the expected date of issue of Certificate of Airworthiness. An application for issue of Aircraft Noise Certificate shall also be made (Appendix G) along with the application for issue of Certificate of Airworthiness. Before the Certificate of Airworthiness in respect of an imported aircraft is issued, the Director General will satisfy himself regarding the airworthiness and design standards of the aircraft. For this purpose the importer shall submit along with the application, an Export Certificate of Airworthiness from the Regulatory Authority of the country of Export. For aircraft type imported into the country for the first time, a copy of the Type Certificate and/ or its Data Sheets should accompany the Export C of A. These documents will certify that the Aircraft conforms to approved design standards of Airworthiness Authority of country of design. In addition, special requirements of DGCA are spelt out in Appendix D. The operator shall ensure that these special requirements are made available to the regulatory authority of the exporting country for compliance prior to issue of Export C of A. Note: Aircraft with MTOW greater than 5700 kg and categorized as passenger / mail / goods shall have at least two engines.

Documents/ technical literature If the type of aircraft is being introduced/ imported into the country for the first time (new or used), the owner/ operator shall supply, free of cost, one set each of the following updated technical literature, to DGCA Hdqrs and Regional/Sub-Regional Office of DGCA for retention: (i) Type Certificate & Type Certificate Data Sheets (ii) Standard form of Certificate of Airworthiness issued by the country of Export (iii) Export Certificate of Airworthiness (iv) Maintenance Planning Document/Manufacturers recommended inspection document (v) MMEL (vi) Airplane Flight Manual / Pilots Operating Handbook (vii) Crew Operations Manuals. (where applicable). In addition, one set of the following documents shall be submitted to Regional / Sub Regional Office of DGCA where the aircraft is based with up-to-date amendments: (i) Aircraft Maintenance Manual (ii) Engine Maintenance Manual (iii) Overhaul Manual (iv) Structural Repair Manual (v) Service Bulletins (vi) SSID, CPCP document (where applicable). Note: Documents issued by the manufacturers in electronic format in lieu of hard copies are acceptable. The operator shall ensure that any amendments to the above documents are forwarded to DGCA Hdqrs and/ or to the respective Regional/Sub Regional office promptly. Note: In case an aircraft is based (main base where major maintenance is carried out) at more than one station in India, then additional copies of the above mentioned technical literature may be asked for, by the concerned Regional/ Sub-Regional Airworthiness Office. In addition to the documents required in the above paras, the following Log Books/ Certificates/ documents shall also be submitted: (i) Duly filled original log books along with record of modification with a certificate from Quality Control Manager that all applicable modification/ Airworthiness Directive/Inspection have been complied with at the time of issue of Export C of A.

(ii) In case the aircraft was imported in a dismantled condition, an erection certificate signed by an appropriately licensed/ Authorised/ approved person(s) along with the flight test report by the pilot licenced/authorised for the purpose. (iii) Flight Test Report for the aircraft and the avionics systems. (iv) An electrical load analysis covering all services, if the aircraft has undergone modification needing such analysis. (v) Customised Manufacturers weight and balance manual, and weight schedule giving the empty weight CG location. (vi) List of component/ rotables giving details of components history for each major component listed in COSL. Issue of C of A: On receipt of the application along with the necessary fees in accordance with Rule 62 and requisite documents, partially filled Indian Certificate of Airworthiness will be forwarded by DGCA Hdqrs to the concerned Regional/ Sub-Regional Airworthiness Office. (Format of the Certificate of Airworthiness issued by DGCA is enclosed as Appendix F). Certificate of Airworthiness of an aircraft may be issued / validated in any of the categories mentioned in Appendix 'C' of this part of CAR. The Regional/ Sub-Regional Airworthiness Office on being satisfied that the aircraft conforms to the stipulated design and airworthiness s`tandard, may Issue / validate the Certificate of Airworthiness on the basis of Export Certificate of Airworthiness, physical inspection of the aircraft and scrutiny of other related documents. In case of import of used aircraft, the Regional /Sub Regional office shall satisfy itself that the aircraft had been maintained in a continued airworthiness condition in accordance with an approved maintenance programme given by the aircraft manufacturer and/or by the approved maintenance agency that had last maintained the aircraft. For example, records of maintenance, modifications, overhaul, repair and history of any accident may have to be reviewed before issuing Indian Certificate of Airworthiness. Officers of regional/ sub-regional office shall inspect the aircraft to the extent possible, to establish that all the instruments and equipment as per applicable CARs have been installed and are in serviceable condition, the aircraft is airworthy, and does not have any unsafe features which may jeopardize the airworthiness or safety of aircraft. In case any deficiency is noticed during inspection by the Airworthiness officer, the owner / operator will be advised to make up the deficiencies pointed out before the issuance of Certificate of Airworthiness. an aircraft may be issued/validated in any of the categories mentioned in Appendix 'C' of this part of CAR. The Regional/ Sub-Regional Airworthiness Office on being satisfied that the aircraft conforms to the stipulated design and airworthiness standard, may issue/ validate the Certificate of Airworthiness on the basis of Export Certificate of Airworthiness, physical inspection of the aircraft and scrutiny of

other related documents. In case of import of used aircraft, the Regional /Sub Regional office shall satisfy itself that the aircraft had been maintained in a continued airworthiness condition in accordance with an approved maintenance programme given by the aircraft manufacturer and/or by the approved maintenance agency that had last maintained the aircraft. For example, records of maintenance, modifications, overhaul, repair and history of any accident may have to be reviewed before issuing Indian Certificate of Airworthiness. Officers of regional/ sub-regional office shall inspect the aircraft to the extent possible, to establish that all the instruments and equipment as per applicable CARs have been installed and are in serviceable condition, the aircraft is airworthy, and does not have any unsafe features which may jeopardize the airworthiness or safety of aircraft. In case any deficiency is noticed during inspection by the Airworthiness officer, the owner / operator will be advised to make up the deficiencies pointed out before the issuance of Certificate of Air worthiness. Explain the different categories of AME Licences, Scopes and Experience Requirements Ans: Aircraft Rule 61 lays down the minimum qualifications and the experience requirements for issue of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's licence in various categories. In order to categorize the Licences, the following definitions are specified: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vi) Light Aircraft : means an aircraft with AUW below 5700 Kg. Heavy Aircraft : means an aircraft with AUW of 5700 Kg and above. Mechanical Stream : means the trades of airframe and engines. Avionics stream : mean s the trades of electrical, instrument including autopilots, radio communication, navigation and radar systems. Concurrent Experience : means experience acquired simultaneously in two or more allied categories of the same stream. Recent Experience : means experience acquired in the preceding 12 months. ICAO Type II License : means a l icence with the scope limited to minor maintenance, minor repairs, minor modification, snag rectification and issue of flight release. ICAO Type I License : means a licence with a scope covering overhaul, major modification, major repairs, testing and issue of certificate of maintenance after performance of the above tasks

(vii)

Category A (Light Aircraft): The applicant will have to show a total aeronautical engineering experience of four years out of which 12 months must be on the type of aircraft for which type rating is desired and out of this experience, 3 months must be the recent experience. Extension : For extension in category 'A' to cover additional aircraft an applicant will have to gain additional experience of 6 months out of which, 3 months should be the recent experience. If the aircraft on which extension is desired is of similar construction, only three months total experience on the type will be required. Category 'B' (Light Aircraft): The applicant will have to show total aeronautical engineering experience of 4 years including the repair, overhaul, maintenance of aircraft. Out of this period he should have 12 months maintenance including major maintenance on airframes of similar construction and out of which six months must have been on the particular type of aircraft for which he is applying out of which three months must be the recent experience. Extension For extension in category 'B' to cover additional aircraft an applicant will have to gain additional 6 months of which 3 months must be recent experience. Category 'A' (Heavy Aircraft) Total aeronautical engineering experience of 4 years on the general maintenance / inspection and repair on the airframe and out of which 12 months must be practical maintenance and inspection on particular type of aircraft for which he has applied and three months must be recent. Extension : For extension in the category to include additional aircraft, an additional experience of 12 months will be required out of which 3 months shall be the recent experience. Helicopters - Category 'A' & 'C' An applicant applying for licence on helicopters of AUW below 3,000 kg. will have to show a total aeronautical engineering experience of four years both on airframe and engine simultaneously and out of which 12 months must be on a particular type of helicopter for which the applicant is applying and out of which six months must be the recent. .

The applicant applying for helicopter of AUW more than 3,000 kg. can apply separately for category A & C and the total aeronautical engineering experience required for one particular category will be four years general aeronautical engineering experience out of which 12 months must be on the particular type of helicopter/engine and out of which six months must be recent on the airframe or the engines. This experience can be gained concurrently and an applicant can apply for both Category A & C after gaining four years experience. Category 'B' - Light Helicopters ( below 3000 Kg. AUW ) The applicant should have a total of 4 years aeronautical engineering experience in maintenance, repair, overhaul of helicopter/light aircraft out of which 18 months must be on the repair, overhaul, major modification of helicopters for which the applicant is applying out of which 6 months should be on specific type. Category C (Piston Engine) : Total aeronautical engineering experience required will be 4 years out of which 12 months experience must be in the maintenance of piston engines out of which six months must be on the type of engine applied for and out of which three months must be the recent experience. Category C (Gas Turbine Engine) : Total aeronautical engineering experience required is 4 years which must include 24 months experience on general maintenance and inspection of Gas Turbine Engines out of which 12 months must be on the type. Category D For overhaul of Piston engine below 500 BHP the applicant must have general aeronautical engineering experience of 4 years including overhaul/repair/maintenance of piston engine out of which 24 months must be on the major maintenance / repair / modification of engine of similar construction out of which 12 months must be on the particular type of engine out of which 6 months must be the recent experience. Category E (Electrical System) : The applicant for Category E to cover electrical systems installed on heavy aircraft will be required to have 4 years general avionics engineering experience out of which 12 months experience must be on the maintenance, snag rectification and carrying out replacement of electrical equipment and minor servicing on the specific type aircraft out of which three months must be recent experience.

Category I (Instruments) : The applicant for instrument system of heavy aircraft will have 4 years experience of general avionics engineering including a minimum of 12 months experience on maintenance, snag rectification, replacement of instruments on specific type of aircraft out of which 3 months must be recent experience. Category 'R' (Radio Communication, Navigation & Radar) : The applicant must have a total of 4 years avionics engineering experience on maintenance and repair out of which 12 months must be on the maintenance, minor repair, testing, snag rectification, installation and removal of radio communication, navigational and radar equipment installed on the specific type aircraft applied for, out of which 3 months must be the recent experience. Addition in categories 'E', 'I' & 'R' Persons having acquired licence in any one of the categories of E, I and R will require additional experience of one year to qualify for additional category and a person having 2 categories will require 6 months to qualify for the third. Category 'V' (Avionics) This category of licence will cover avionics system of highly sophisticated aircraft with fly-by- wire technology and where there cannot be a clear demarcation between instrument, electrical and radio systems. The applicant should have licence in Category E, I and R OR possess BAMEC in Category of Electrical System (ES), Instrument System (IS) and Radio Navigation System (RN) and should have successfully undergone an approved training course on Integrated Avionics Systems. Thereafter the candidate will be subjected to oral cum practical test for issue of the licence. At present such licences will be issued to cover A320 aircraft. However request for issue of such licence to cover the other sophisticated aircraft incorporating comparable technology may also be considered. Category 'X' (Overhaul of Autopilots installed on light aircraft ) : The applicant for Category X licence to certify autopilots will be required to have the general avionics engineering experience of 4 years out of which 12 months must have been on the maintenance, overhaul, repair of instruments, autopilots and other allied components and out of which six months must be recent on the overhaul of particular type of autopilot, its testing, modification, installation and operational test.

Category 'X' (Overhaul of Electrical System and components on light aircraft): The applicant should have general avionics engineering experience of 4 years in respect of overhaul/repair, modification, testing of electrical components and system as installed on aircraft out of which 12 months must be on the overhaul/ repair and testing of electrical equipment fitted on light aircraft out of which six months must be the recent experience. This licence will be open and will cover all light aircraft unless mentioned otherwise. Category 'X' (Overhaul of Instrument system installed on light aircraft): The applicant will have general avionics engineering experience of 4 years in the maintenance, repair overhaul, testing, modification of instruments installed on light aircraft and engines installed thereon out of which 12 months experience must be on maintenance, repair, overhaul, testing, snag rectification on light aircraft and of which three months must be recent experience. This licence will be open and will cover instruments installed on all light aircraft unless mentioned otherwise. Category 'X' (Overhaul of Radio equipment installed on light aircraft) : The applicant must have a total of 4 years avionics engineering experience on the maintenance, overhaul/repair out of which 12 months must be on the overhaul, testing, bench test, snag rectification & major modification etc. of radio communication, navigation and radar equipment installed on the type aircraft applied for, out of which six months must be recent experience. Category 'X' (Overhaul of VP Propellers installed on light aircraft) : The applicant should have general aeronautical engineering experience of 4 years in respect of overhaul/repair, modification of VP propellers and at least 12 months must be on the maintenance/repair of propellers and out of which either 6 months must be on the overhaul/repair of the type of propellers applied for or overhaul of 3 propellers.
Note : An applicant may be allowed to appear for Paper I & II of AME licence examination after he/she has acquired at least 2 years of Aeronautical Engineering Experience. He/She may appear for Paper III after acquiring 3 years of aeronautical engineering experience on the relevant category. The applicant will be permitted to appear for Paper IV (specific)/ approved course only after he/she has passed Paper I, II and III and has acquired 4 years of aeronautical engineering experience.

What is BAMEC & BAMEL? Basic Aircraft Maintenance Engineers Licence (BAMEL) or BAMEC means a Licence issued by the DGCA without type rating to persons who have got Basic Aeronautical Experience and have been examined by the DGCA in accordance with the Laid down Procedures in CAR Section 2, Series L Part VIII. The scope and privileges of a Basic Licence Holder does not include certification of any Maintenance Activity unless he she has successfully completed Paper IV / or the approved Maintenance Course under the Aircraft Maintenance Organizations approval system and passed out an Oral-Cum Practical Examination by the DGCA. The BAMEL shall be in 5 Categories: CAT A (HA & LA) CAT C (PE & JE) CAT E (ELECTRICAL) CAT I (INSTRUMENTS) CAT R (RADIO NAVIGATION & COMMUNICATION)