CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONIK 2.

1. Diagram 4.1 shows the use of a transistor in a circuit.

Bulb
R1 = 1500 Ω
IC
IB 6V Figure 6 (i)

R2 V2 IE

DIAGRAM 4.1
(a) Name the type of transistor used.
Figure 6 (ii)
..………..……………………………………………..…………… [1 mark] Figures 6 (i) and 6(ii) show circuits used to produce full-wave rectification.
(b) The transistor is switched on when the base voltage V2 ≥ 2 V. Four diodes, A,B,C and D are arranged to form a bridge rectifier.
(i) Write an equation to show the relationship between IB, IC and IE. a) Which diode will conduct current when an AC current is flowing
i) forward
………………………………………..…………………… [1 mark] ……………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark )
(ii) Calculate the minimum value of R2 when the transistor is switched on. ii) backward

……………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark )
b) Describe the directions of the AC current passing through the resistor

………………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark)
c) In the space below draw the signals that can be seen on the screen of a
[2 marks] cathode ray oscilloscope for

(c) The resistor R2 is then replaced with a light dependent resistor which has a i) an AC input
high resistance when it is dark. (2 marks )
(i) Explain whether the bulb will light up during the day.
.....................……………………………………… ii) the output without the capacitor (2 marks )
…………………

....…………………………………………………………………….. iii) Output with a capacitor

[2 marks] (2 marks )
(ii) Besides being used as a switch, state one other use of a transistor.
...……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark] d) What is the function of a rectifier in an electric circuit ?
………………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark )
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3. Diagram 7.1 shows a transistor circuit with a bulb L. ...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e) An automatic fire alarm is needed to emit sound in case of fire.
Suggest two modifications that have to be made to the circuit in
Diagram 7.1 by replacing the components with suitable electronic
components.

...........................................................................................................
.

........................................................................................... [2 marks]
4. Diagram 7.1 shows a circuit consisting of 3 logic gates AND, OR and NOT .
DIAGRAM 7.1

(a) Name the type of transistor shown in Diagram 7.1.

.................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 7.1:
(i) What is the potential difference across point X and point Z? (a) What is meant by logic gate?

........................................................................................... [1 mark] ………………………………………………………………....[1mark]

(ii) What is the total resistance between point X and point Z? (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a type of switch.

............................................................................................. [1 mark]
(iii) Using the answers from (b)(i) and b(ii), calculate the
potential difference across YZ. DIAGRAM 7.2
By using one or two of the the switch above and suitable
connecting wires, complete the circuit in the diagrams below
to produce,
(i) AND gate
[2 marks]
(c) State what will happen to the lamp,L, if the base-emitter potential
difference, VBE is 2 volts? Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................

................................................................................................. [2 marks]
(d) Without adding any new component to Diagram 7.1, what modification (ii) OR gate
is needed so that the opposite situation than the one in 7(c) occur at
lamp L.

2
 [1mark]

(e) Ahmad would like to construct a logic gate circuit to switch on an air
conditioner in his house automatically. He has chosen a light- sensitive
device to detect daytime and night and heat-sensitive device to detect
the surrounding temperature.
(iii) NOT gate He has constructed a truth table as shown below.
Input P Input Q Output R
Night - 0 Cold - 0 Off - 0
Night - 0 Hot - 1 On - 1
Day - 1 Cold - 0 On - 1
Day - 1 Hot - 1 On - 1
You are given the logic gate such as OR, AND and NOT. Complete the
logic gate circuit to help Ahmad to make his air conditioner functions as
the situation above.

[3 marks]

(c ) Diagram 7.2 below shows the combination of two NAND gates.

The combination will produce a single gate M

DIAGRAM 7.2
(i) Complete the truth table in table 7.1 below for the combination of two
NAND gates.
[3
K L M
marks]
0 0 5. Diagram 8.1 shows a component used to observe current flow through
0 1 a Semiconductor diode in forward bias.
1 0
1 1
[1mark]
(i) Name the logic gate M.

………………………………………………………………………
[1mark]
(d) Draw a combination of two NOR gates to produce a single gate DIAGRAM 8.1
OR.
(i) State one function of a diode.

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 ……………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) Complete the circuit to light up the bulb. ………………………………………
…………………………………

……………………………………………………
……………………
[2 mark] [3
(iii) The bulb will light up in forward bias. Explain. marks]

…………………………………………………………………………… 6. Diagram 6.1 shows a circuit to investigate the working principle of a

…………………………………………………………………… transistor. The rheostat R is adjusted to get a set of data of the
……… microammeter reading , I1 and the miliammeter reading, I2. .Table 6
[2 mark] shows the reading of I1 and I2.
(a) Circuit X consist an electronic component connected between
transformer, resistance R and cathode ray oscilloscope .Input and output
result as shown in the Diagram 8.2.
Input Output

Circuit X

DIAGRAM 6.1
I1 / μA I2 / mA
0.0 0.0
DIAGRAM 8.2
0.5 0.2
(i) Draw a schematic diagram for circuit X in Diagram 8.2. [3 marks]
1.0 0.4
1.5 0.6
(ii) A capacitor is connected parallel to R. Trace the pulsing current from
circuit X 2.0 0.8
2.5 1.0
TABLE 6

(a) Name the current

(i) I1 ……………………………………………………………………………….……………

………………
[1 mark ]
(ii) I2
…………….………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(b) Using Table 6, state two observations about the value of I1 and I2
(iii) Explain how capacitor changes varying d.c. to smoothened d.c.?
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 …………………………………………………………………………………… (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a transistor circuit.
…
……………………………………………………………………………………
…
[ 2 marks ]
(c) Based on your answer in (b) state the function a transistor.

…………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ] Diagram
7.1
(d) The battery P is removed and replaced by two resistors.
When the sliding contact X is at the 0 V end of the potentiometer,
(i) Complete the circuit in Diagram 6.2 to ensure the transistor (i) is there any current flow through the base and emitter circuit?
workable without battery P. ……………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(ii) what happened to the transistor and the bulb? Tick in the box

[1 mark]
(iii) If the sliding contact X were raised from 0 V end to the 3 V end of the
potentiometer, what happened to the bulb? Explain your answer
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Diagram 6.2 ……………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
[ 2 marks ] (c) Diagram 7.3 shows a transistor is used to light up during the day.
(ii) State the function of the two resistors.
..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1
mark ]

7. Diagram 7.1 shows a semiconductor transistor.

Diagram 7.2
Diagram 7.3
(a) (i) Name the type of the transistor. (i) Suggest a modification to light up the lamp at night.
…………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] ……………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Transistor has three terminals connected to the emitter, base and collector.
Label the emitter, base and collector in Diagram 7.1 [1 mark] ………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) A student replaced lamp L with a lamp labeled 240 V 24 W in Diagram 7.3.
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The bulb is not light up. (i) State how the resistance of the thermistor varies with
(a) Why the lamp is not light up? temperature ?

……………………………………………………………… [1 mark] ………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(b) An electrical component is connected to the output transistor so that (ii) What is the resistance of the thermistor at 30 oC . Show on
the lamp is light up. the graph how
Name the electrical component and state the functions. you determine the value of resistance.

………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] …………..…………………………………………………………. [2 mark]

(b) A thermistor and a light dependence resistance (LDR) are
used to make a simple
8(a) Diagram 7.1 shows a resistance against temperature graph for switch which control an air conditioner in a room as shown in
a thermistor. Diagram 7.2.

Diagram 7.2
The air-conditioner is only activated either on a sunny day or at
a hot night
Keys : Input P : during the day – logic “1”
Input P: at night - logic “0”
Input Q : when hot - logic “1”
Input Q : when cold - logic “0”
Relay switch : switch on when output logic is “1”
Relay switch : switch off when output logic “0”

Table 7 shows a truth table operation indicates the logic gates

which control the
air-conditioner system.
Input output
P Q R
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Table 7
Diagram 7.1
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 (i) Using the keys given, complete the table 7 [1 mark]
(ii) Name the logic gate in the circuit in Diagram 7.
………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(iii) In the space below , draw a symbol of the logic gate in 7b(ii).
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a light dependent resistance, LDR , used in
transistor circuit to control a road lamp labeled 240 V. 100 W.

Diagram 7.3
At night the road lamp is switched on automatically.
(i) What is the function of resistor R1 ?
…………………………………………………………………..[1mark]
(ii) Explain how the circuit function at night.
………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… [2 mark]
(iii) Why the lamp is not connected directly to the transistor
circuit?
……………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(i) Tick (√ ) the correct answer in the box provided. The inout power
9 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows a waveform on the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope that supply in diagram 6.1 is connected to
is connected across R. Diagram 6.2 shows how an electric component Q is connected
to the circuit.
Alternating current direct current

(ii) What is the function of component Q in diagram 6.2?

…………………………………………………… [1mark]
(iii) Draw the waveform produced on the screen in diagram 6.2
[2marks]
(iv) Compare the waveform in diagram 6.1 and diagram 6.2. Name the
process involved in diagram 6.2.
……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
[1mark]
(b) Name the component Q in Diagram 6.2
……………………………………………………………………………
[1mark]
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(c) Component Q is made from a semiconductor material. One type of
semiconductor is the n-type. Explain how the n-type semiconductor is produced.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………… [2marks]

10.Diagram 4.1 shows the structure of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).

[1mark]
11. Diagram 8.1 shows four electrical circuits with identical electrical
components.
The electrical circuits consist of a transistor , a bulb, a light dependent
resistor, LDR, two resistors, R1 and R2 and battery as a power supply.

(a) State the process involved in producing electrons from electrode X.

………………………………………………………………[1mark]
(b) Describe the type of motion of the electron moving from
(i) Y to Z
…………………………………………………………
[1mark]
(ii) Z to the screen
…………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) A student uses the CRO to study the output voltage from a bicycle dynamo.
Diagram 4.2 shows the trace on the screen and the settings of the CRO.
(i) State the type of current produced by the dynamo.
……………………………………………………….[1mark]
(ii) Determine the frequency of the output voltage of the dynamo. (a) What is meant by power?
……………………………………………………………….[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 8.1, state the suitable characteristic of the arrangement
[2 marks] position of the electrical components of the circuit to use as an automatic
(iii) Sketch the new trace in Diagram 4.3 if the time-base setting is switch.
now set at 0.01 s/div.
(i) Resistor, R2
....................................................................................

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 Reason
…………………………………………………………[2 marks]
(ii) Resistor R1 and light dependent resistor, LDR
................................................................................
Reason
………………………………………………….[2 marks]
(iii) Collector terminal of the transistor to the battery
………………………………………………….
Reason
…………………………………………………[2 marks]
(c) Based on the answers in 8(b), state one suitable circuit in Diagram 8 to be
use as an automatic switch. . (a) (i) Name component Q
…………………………………………………. [ 1 mark]
(d) The circuit in 8(c) is used as an automatic switch. State the application of …………………………………………………………………………….[1
the circuit. mark]
........................................................................... [ 1 mark] (ii) State two functions of component Q?
(e) Diagram 8.2 show a circuit transistor used as an amplifier. The transistor is on
when …………………………………………………………….………………
the voltage across Y and Z is 1 V. [2marks]
(b) What is the function of resistor R?

…………………………………….………………………………………[1
mark]
(c) (i) What happens to potential difference Vp at night? Explain.

………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]
(ii) Explain why the bulb is lighted up at night?
…………………………………….…………………………………..
Diagram 8.2
When the potential difference accross Yand Z is 1 V; …………………………………………………….…………………..[2 marks]
(i) What is the potential difference between X and Y?
[ 1 mark] (d) Bulb M is labeled 240 V, 60 W starts to light up when Vp is 2.0 V and the
resistance of resistor P is 10 kΩ. Determine the maximum resistance of
(ii) Calculate the maximum resistance of the rheostat for the transistor to switch on? resistor S.
[2 marks] [2
marks]
12. Diagram 8 shows a transistor circuit. The circuit is used to automatically switch
on the bulb at night.

(e) What happens to the bulb when it is connected directly to the transistor
circuit without using the relay switch. Explain why?
…………………………………………………………………………………..

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…………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]
13. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 shows two diodes A and B , two bulbs P and Q are
connected to a dry cell with two different arrangement.

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

(a) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2,
(i) compare the connection of diodes to the terminal of the dry cell.

…………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(ii) compare the lighting of the bulbs.

…………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(iii) Relate the connection of diodes to the terminal of the dry cell with the
lighting of the bulbs.

…………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]
(b) (i) Draw the arrangement of four diodes and suitable power supply in the
space given in Diagram 6.3 that can be used to produce full wave
rectifier circuit.

[3 marks]
(ii) Draw the wave form of full wave rectification
[1 mark]
(iii) Name an electronic component that can be used to smoothen the
current produced.
………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]
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