Assignments of dvm i-i

Society Supporting the Fulfillment of the Individual 1.Society Developing the Individual 2.Society Supporting Individual's Fulfillment. 3.Society Supporting the Development of the Individual 4.Society Supporting Talents of Individuals 5.Recognition of Collective and the Individual For One Another 6.The Empowerment of the Individual; and the Individual for the Collective. 7.Individuals Developing All Their Skills in Order to Avail of All of the Social Achievements 8.Individual Achievement and Achievement of Society 9.Society's Support of the Full Emergence of the Individual 10.Birth of Individual Supported by Social Change 11.Google, the US, and True Individuality

In order to maintain control and regulate their subjects, authoritarian organizations and governments promulgate rules and issue decrees. However, due to a lack of popular support for enforcement, these entities may rely more on force and other severe sanctions such as censorship, expulsion and limits on political freedom. Some totalitarian governments, such as the late Soviet Union or the current North Korea, rely on the mechanisms of the police state.

Social inequality refers to relational processes in society that have the effect of limiting or harming a groups social status, social class, andsocial circle. Areas of social inequality include access to voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, the extent of property rights and access to education, health care, quality housing, traveling, transportation, vacationing and other social goods and services. Apart from that it can also be seen in the quality of family and neighbourhood life, occupation, job satisfaction, and access to credit. If these economic divisions harden, they can lead to social inequality. [1] The reasons for social inequality can vary, but are often broad and far reaching. Social inequality can emerge through a societys understanding of appropriate gender roles, or through the prevalence of social stereotyping. Social inequality can also be established through discriminatory legislation. Social inequalities exist between ethnic or religious groups, classes and countries making the concept of social inequality a global phenomenon. Social inequality is different from economic inequality, though the two are linked. Social inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income as well as between the overall quality and luxury of each person's existence within a society, while economic inequality is caused by the unequal accumulation of wealth; social inequality exists because the lack of wealth in certain areas prohibits these people from obtaining the same housing, health care, etc. as the wealthy, in societies where access to these social goods depends on wealth.

Assignments of dvm i-i

Social inequality is linked to racial inequality, gender inequality, and wealth inequality. The way people behave socially, through racist or sexist practices and other forms of discrimination, tends to trickle down and affect the opportunities and wealth individuals can generate for themselves. Thomas M. Shapiro presents a hypothetical example of this in his book, The Hidden Cost of Being African American, in which he tries to demonstrate the level of inequality on the "playing field for blacks and whites". One example he presents reports how a black family was denied a bank loan to use for housing, while a white family was approved. As being a homeowner is an important method in acquiring wealth, this situation created fewer opportunities for the black family to acquire wealth, producing social inequality. [2

Social control means , control of individual behavior by society, and that control of social institutions should be in the interest and welfare of the whole society. Social control means , control of individual behavior by society, and that control of social institutions should be in the interest and welfare of the whole society. Some warnings and directions of prohibited activities, are an example of social control

In order to maintain control and regulate their subjects, authoritarian organizations and governments promulgate rules and issue decrees. However, due to a lack of popular support for enforcement, these entities may rely more on force and other severe sanctions such as censorship, expulsion and limits on political freedom. Some totalitarian governments, such as the late Soviet Union or the current North Korea, rely on the mechanisms of the police state. Social control refers to social mechanisms that regulate individual and group behavior, leading to conformity and compliances to the rules of a given society or social group. Many mechanisms of social control are crosscultural, if only in the control mechanisms used to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie. Some theorists, such as Emile Durkheim, refer to this form of control as regulation. On the basis of above defination it is cleared that social control is different from concept of self control. To undrstand more this concept. there are three important things to learn.

1- social control is an influence ,which may be exerted through various means of control like public opinion, force, public appeal, social ,religious organizations. 2- This influence should be implemented by society-there are so many groups who exercise this influence, like family, trade union church ,state, school ,neighborhood, clubs, religious groups etc. 3- The influence should be exercised for promoting the welfare and interest of the entire group. Sociologists identify two basic forms of social controls 1. Internalization of norms and values, and 2. The use of sanctions, which can be either positive (rewards) or negative (punishment). inorganic compound n. A compound that does not contain hydrocarbon groups

Assignments of dvm i-i

An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carboncontaining compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon (such as CO and CO2), and cyanides are considered inorganic.[1] The distinction between "organic" and "inorganic" carbon compounds, while "useful in organizing the vast subject of chemistry... is somewhat arbitrary".[2] Organic chemistry is the science concerned with all aspects of organic compounds. Organic synthesis is the methodology of their preparation.

ORIGINS AND FORMS OF THE STATE Scholars have proposed many different typologies of state forms, but historically, as Nelson (2006) states, there are four fundamental forms of state: (1) ancient city-states, (2) ancient empire-states, (3) modern citystates, and (4) the modern nation-state. The origins of the state are generally traced to the late Neolithic period (3000-4000 bce), or about 34,000 years after the first homo sapiens. The first archaic states emerged on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia), the Nile River Valley (Egypt), the Yellow River Valley (China), and the Indus River Valley (India). Geography was a key factor in the origins of the state, because the fertility of these river valleys supported large settled agricultural populations, while the agricultural surpluses generated by these peoples made it possible to store and redistribute crops and to support the specialized craftsmen, warriors, priests, and administrators critical to state formation. Karl Wittfogels (1957) hydraulic thesis of state formation notes that complex irrigation and flood control systems were necessary to realize these agricultural surpluses, while the construction and maintenance of these systems required increasingly centralized forms of political control. As Morton Fried (1967) and Jonathan Haas (1982) observe, this centralization of political authority and the emergence of social differentiation based on function mark the origins of the archaic state. Democracy The word democracy comes from ancient Greek words meaning people and rule of government. It is a system of government of a country whose leaders have been elected by the people. When the elected representatives meet in parliament to make laws, the form of government is a parliamentary democracy. Monarchy A monarchy is a form of government led by an individual who holds the position for life, having inherited the position, and who passes it on to a relative, usually a son or daughter. In the past, all monarchs held great power and made the all decisions and laws of the country. This is known as a bsolute monarchy. Today most monarchs act as Head of State, filling a ceremonial role with little or no power regarding the actual governing of the country. A constitutional monarchy is a country which has a written Constitution that sets out the rules for how the country will be governed and the rights and

Assignments of dvm i-i

responsibilities of its people, and has a monarch as Head of State. Republicanism A republic is a country whose head of government is an elected or chosen president. Sometimes the president is also the head of state, for example the President of the United States. Presidents are usually elected for a specific length of time, called a term of office. In some countries a president may only serve a particular number of terms. The United States Capitol building in Washington DC, meeting place of representatives elected by the people A republic may or may not be democratic. In a democratic republic, the people choose their leaders through elections, although in countries where president is a ceremonial role, it may be by government appointment rather than by election. In some undemocratic republics the leaders are chosen by a small number of people and may stay in office for a long time, sometimes without ever being elected or re-elected. In some cases there may be elections, but these may be conducted in corrupt ways, or electors are not given a free choice of who to vote for. Totalitarianism (say toe-ta-lit-air-ree-an-ism) In a totalitarian society the government holds absolute control over all aspects of the lives of its people. A set of beliefs is imposed on the people, who have to conform or face unpleasant consequences. This form of government came into being in the 1920s and 1920s when the fascist governments of Italy and Nazi Germany came into power. Fascism (say fash-ism) Fascism is a form of government usually headed by a dictator. It involves total government control of political, economic, cultural, religious and social activities. Some industries may be owned by individuals, but under government control. This form of government includes extreme patriotism, warlike policies and extreme discrimination against minority groups. Dictatorship In a dictatorship, one person, called a Dictator, has absolute power. This differs from totalitarianism in that it is less controlling and not marked by a rigid set of beliefs. Sometimes a country run by dictatorship may be called a republic. Such republics have only one political party and the Dictator makes most government policies and decisions. Communism Communism is an economic system in which there is little or no private ownership - property is held by the community rather than by individuals. All economic activity is controlled by the government, including things like what crops are grown, what goods are manufactured, and to whom they are sold and at what prices. The decisions made by communist governments are those that are normally made by private individuals in non-communist countries. Karl Marx, whose beliefs formed a foundation of communism Communist governments are usually a form of totalitarianism, and traditionally allow only approved candidates to stand for election and there is usually little or no choice of candidate at an election.

Assignments of dvm i-i

Oligarchy (say oll-ig-ark-ee) An oligarchy is a form of government in which only a few wealthy people hold power. A republic may be an oligarchy if just a few people have the right to vote. An example of this was the time of apartheid in South Africa. In most oligarchies, the power of the leadership is supported by the wealthy and the military The Necessity of Government A Government is an organization in a specific geographic location which is dominant in physical force. Government is necessary to ensure the proper use of force. For this reason, it must specify objective laws to clarify the use of force, and it must have the ability to enforce these laws. The purpose of government is to protect the individual rights of its citizens. Since rights can be assaulted both within a country or outside of it, the government must deal with either threat. This requires an army for defense of the country, and a police system to protect the individual citizens from other individuals within the country. To ensure that rights are upheld properly, the judgment of the use of force must be objective. Since individuals involved in an incident are not likely to be objective, it is the government's job to judge the individual use of force by its citizens. For this reason, the government must provide a court system. Laws are the tools by which the court decides if a use of force is valid or not. Scope: In order to grasp the true nature and content of political science , it is imperative to discover those aspects of life and the areas with which this subject is concerned POL.THEORY; An orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation PUBLIC LAW: Body of law governing relations between a state and its citizens, and dealing with the structure and operation of the government. It covers administrative law, constitutional law, and criminal law. Public administration: Public administration entails civil servants implementing a specified policy within the confines of a government executive framework. Public administrators ensure that every facet of federal, state, and local public services are offered and executed to help pave the way for the future. A secondary educational degree in public administration will equip the student with enough academic knowledge to pursue jobs in both government, private, and non-profit organizations. An education between each pursuit will provide a competitive edge for the individual who obtains the necessary skills to complete the job. Some public administrators will move around to various sectors throughout their career. For instance, entry-level public administrators may begin in a non-profit organization, while others may transfer to a government branch. A public administration degree or its equivalent will provide greater flexibility in order to change career titles. Some of these careers include positions in healthcare, federal emergency agencies, international relief associations, and animal welfare organizations.

Assignments of dvm i-i

In political science, a "nation" refers to a group of people who feel bound into a single body by shared culture, values, folkways, religion and/or language. A "state" just refers to a patch of land with a sovereign government. States often coincide with nations (and are called "nation-states," but not always. States that overlap multiple nations tend to have civil wars; states that exclude parts of a nation tend to have wars with the neighboring state(s) that contain the rest of the nation.

What are some examples of states? AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahothese are Example of a nation state? Such an example could be the nation of Albania. Albania is a nation state with about 99% of citizens What is an example of a nation without a state? Well the most obvious example of a nation without a state is the Kurds. They are a repressed nomadic