Monitoring lead in soils in Lisbon during the last decade

Hugo F. Silva
1*
, Andrei Sadovski
1
, Cristina M. Oliveira
2
, Manuel J. Matos
1

(1) CIEQB, Instituto Superior Engenharia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
(2) CCMM - epart!ent o" Che!istr# and Bio$he!istr#, %a$ult# o" S$ien$e, Lisbon, Portugal
& hsil'a(de)*isel*ipl*pt
In 1999 Portugal, like ost ot!er "ountries in #uro$e, s%it"!ed &ro leaded to unleaded &uel.
It is kno%n t!at soe o& t!e lead in %ater and in t!e soil %as &ro $re"i$itation runo&& o& lead
"oing &ro t!e ve!i"les e'!aust and t!e soil along roads. Sin"e lead "an "ause $ro(les in
nervous s)ste, in"luding ental retardation in "!ildren, iune s)ste i$airent, "an"er
o& t!e lung, as %ell as siilar adverse e&&e"ts on anials and $lants, (e"ause it is not
(iodegrada(le and a""uulates in t!e (od) and in &ood "!ains, it is (est to eliinate t!e use
o& lead %!erever $ossi(le [1].
*asoline still in"ludes a tin) aount o& lead (e"ause o& t!e natural $ro"esses under %!i"! oil is
&ored in t!e ground, (ut it is no longer added lead to &uels.
Considering t!ese "ir"ustan"es, in 199+ soe studies %ere done, in ,is(on, using leaves &ro
$o$lar -Populus. tree as lead (ioindi"ator. In order to evaluate i& t!e lead "ontent in t!e leaves
o& $o$lar and in soil %ould dro$ signi&i"antl) in t!e )ears &ollo%ing t!e a(olition o& leaded &uel,
(ot! s$e"ies %ere anal)/ed (et%een 199+ and 2011.
In t!is %ork results o& lead "ontent in leaves and soil, "olle"ted in t!e "it) "enter o& ,is(on
-Mar1u2s de Po(al., in a &or a $eriod o& nine )ears -2003 to 2011. are $resented and
dis"ussed. ,ead "ontent %as anal)/ed () gra$!ite &urna"e atoi" a(sor$tion s$e"troetr)
-*FAAS..
A&ter alost one de"ade o& anal)sis it %as &ound t!at lead "ontent de"reased signi&i"antl) in
t!e &irst &ive )ears a&ter t!e eliination o& leaded &uel -199+42003. (ut in soils, a&ter t!at ra$id
dro$ it %as o(served a slig!t in"rease ever) )ear -2003 4 2011.. 5!is is t!e "on&iration o& t!e
a""uulation o& lead in ur(an soils as a !eritage &ro an) )ears o& (urning leaded gasoline in
t!e internal "o(ustion ve!i"les.
5!e real kno%ledge o& t!e state o& $ollution in ,is(on "it) t!roug! t!is indi"ator is i$ortant
sin"e it allo%s &or (etter de"ision aking to%ards its use and also &or "onsidering t!e
i$leentation o& reedial easures, i& ne"essar) [2].




Referncias
[1] Ravindra K., Bencs L., Grieken R.V, Sci. Total Environ., 2004,318, 1!3.
[2] "in#$%i "ia, "i &$en, R%i'in Li%, (on# Li%, ).(a*ard.+at.,2011,18,, 2-!32-.-.