TUTORIAL EEEB413

TRANSFORMER TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 1. A 20-kVA 8000/480-V distribution transformer has the following resistances and reactances: RP= 32 XP= 45 RC= 250 k RS= 0.05 RS= 0.06 XM= 30 k

The excitation branch impedances are given referred to the high-voltage side of the transformer. (a) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the high-voltage side. (b) Assume that this transformer is supplying rated load at 480 V and 0.8 PF lagging. What is this transformers input voltage? (c) What is the transformers efficiency under the conditions of part (b)? 2. A 20-kVA 20,000/480-V 60-Hz distribution transformer is tested with the following results:

Open-circuit test Short-circuit test (measured from secondary side) (measured from primary side) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VOC = 480 V VSC = 1130 V IOC = 1.60 A ISC = 1.00 A POC = 305 W PSC = 260 W (a) Find the equivalent circuit for this transformer referred to the low-voltage side. (b) Find the transformers efficiency if the transformer is supplying a load at rated voltage and half-rated current and 0.8 lagging power factor. Sketch the phasor diagram. 3. A 13.2-kV single-phase generator supplies power to a load through a transmission line. The loads impedance is Zload=500 36.87 , and the transmission lines impedance is Zline = 60 53.1 . (a) (b) If the generator is directly connected to the load (Figure below), what is the ratio of the load voltage to the generated voltage? What are the transmission losses of the system? If a 1:10 step-up transformer is placed at the output of the generator and a 10:1 transformer is placed at the load end of the transmission line, what is the new ratio of the load voltage to the generated voltage? What are the transmission losses of the system now? (Note: The transformers may be assumed to be ideal.)

TUTORIAL EEEB413

4. Three 25-kVA 24,000/277-V distribution transformers are connected in -Y. The open-circuit test was performed on the low-voltage side of this transformer bank, and the following data were recorded: Iline,OC = 4.10 A P3phase, OC = 945 W Vline,OC = 480 V The short-circuit test was performed on the high-voltage side of this transformer bank, and the following data were recorded: Vline,SC = 1600 V Iline,SC = 2.00 A P3phase, SC = 1150 W (a) (b) (c) Find the per-unit equivalent circuit of this transformer bank. Find the voltage regulation of this transformer bank at the rated load and 0.90 PF lagging. What is the transformer banks efficiency under these conditions?